Copper bearing intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) is a widely used contraceptive method for women of childbearing age in China. It plays an important role in family planning and population control in China. In recent years, Cu-IUD is still used by hundreds of millions of women in China, and such devices still attract more attention in the field of women's health. This paper collects the information of all the 31 Cu-IUD products with valid registration certificate in China, including product name, manufacturer name, IUD structure and composition, schematic diagram, etc. From the perspective of safety and effectiveness evaluation of IUD, this paper reviewed and evaluated the relevant properties of Cu-IUD implanted in uterine cavity, including physical properties, chemical properties, biocompatibility evaluation, and clinical application related performance studies.

Copper bearing intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) is a widely used contraceptive method for women of childbearing age in China. It plays an important role in family planning and population control in China. In recent years, Cu-IUD is still used by hundreds of millions of women in China, and such devices still attract more attention in the field of women's health. This paper collects the information of all the 31 Cu-IUD products with valid registration certificate in China, including product name, manufacturer name, IUD structure and composition, schematic diagram, etc. From the perspective of safety and effectiveness evaluation of IUD, this paper reviewed and evaluated the relevant properties of Cu-IUD implanted in uterine cavity, including physical properties, chemical properties, biocompatibility evaluation, and clinical application related performance studies.

Objective To compare the accuracy of blood volume perfusion imaging (perfusion CT)with contrast enhanced 64-slice spiral computed tomography (CECT) in the evaluation of gross tumor volume (GTV) and clinical target volume (CTV) using rabbits with VX2 brain tumor. Methods Perfusion CT and CECT were performed in 20 rabbits with VX2 brain tumor. The GTV and CTV calculated with the maximal and minimal diameter of each tumor in the blood volume (BV) maps and CECT were measured and compared to those in pathological specimens. Results The mean value of the maximal and minimal diameter of GTV was (8.19 ± 2. 29) mm and (4.83 ± 1.31) mm in pathological specimens, (11.98 ±3.29) mmand (7.03±1.82) mm in BV maps, while (6.36±3.85) mm and (3.17±1.93) mm in CECT images, which were significantly different (pathological specimen vs. BV map, t = 7. 17,P =0. 000;pathological specimen vs. CECT, t = 8.37, P = 0. 000, respectively). The mean value of the maximal and minimal diameter of CTV in pathologic specimens was (12.87 ± 3.74) mm and (7.71 ± 2. 15) mm, which was significantly different from that of GTV and CTV in CECT (t = - 3. 18, P = 0. 005 and t = - 4. 24, P =0. 000;t= -11.59,P=0.000 and t= -9.39,P=0.000), while similar with that of GTV in BV maps (t = - 1.95,P = 0. 067; t = - 2. 06, P = 0. 054). For CECT, the margin from GTV to CTV was 81.83% ±40.33% for the maximal diameter and 276.73% ± 131.46% for the minimal. While for BV maps, the margin was 7.93% ± 17. 84% and 12.52% ± 27. 83%, which was significant different from that for CECT images (t=7.36,P=0. 000 and t= -8.78,P=0.000). Conclusions Compared with CECT, the BV map from 64-slice spiral CT peffusion imaging might have higher accuracy in target volume delineation for brain tumor.

The Experiments were performed on 63 urethane anesthetized, suxamethonium chloride paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats. The results were as follows: microinjection of L-Arg, NO precursor, into parabrachial nuclei (NPB) resulted in a marked decrease in the mean arterial pressure (MAP), but the heart rate had no significant change. Microinjection of N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), NO synthase inhibitor, into NPB caused a significant increase in MAP. Preinjection of L-NNA and methylene blue into NPB separately blocked the depressor effect elicited by L-Arg. Preinjection of bicuculine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist, into NPB significantly reduced or abolished the depressor effect elicited by L-Arg. The above results indicated that: (1) NO has depressor effect in NPB by activating guanylate cyclase; (2) Endogenous NO in NPB has tonic depressor effect and takes part in maintenance of normal blood pressure level; (3) The depressor effect evoked by NO in NPB is at least partly mediated by local GABA receptor.

Experiments were carried out in 31 urethane anesthetized, Suxamethonium chloride paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats. The results were as follows: microinjection of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) into parabrachial nuclei (NPB) markedly decreased the mean arterial pressure (MAP) (P＜0. 001), while the microinjection of bicuculine (Bic) into NPB caused a significant increase in MAP (P＜0. 001). The depressor effect of GABA could be blocked by preinjection of Bic in NPB. The above agents microinjected into NPB had no significant effect on heart rate (P＞0. 05). The results indicated that: (1) GABA in NPB exerts tonic depressor effect; (2) Endogenous GABA in NPB exerts tonic depressor action and takes part in maintenance of normal blood pressure level.