Cholelithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system,and the accurate preoperative diagnosis of cholelithiasis is important to guiding treatment and improving prognosis.Dual-energy CT based on material decomposition and post-processing techniques can generate virtual monoenergetic images,virtual noncontrast images,calcium-and fat-based material decomposition images and Rho/Z images which are helpful for detecting isoattenuating gallstones,and offer objective evidence for diagnosing gallstone disease and its complications.This article reviews the principle of dual-energy CT and its progress in cholelithiasis.

Cholelithiasis is one of the most common diseases of the digestive system,and the accurate preoperative diagnosis of cholelithiasis is important to guiding treatment and improving prognosis.Dual-energy CT based on material decomposition and post-processing techniques can generate virtual monoenergetic images,virtual noncontrast images,calcium-and fat-based material decomposition images and Rho/Z images which are helpful for detecting isoattenuating gallstones,and offer objective evidence for diagnosing gallstone disease and its complications.This article reviews the principle of dual-energy CT and its progress in cholelithiasis.

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)is a clinically common functional gastrointestinal disease,the"SCFAs-intestinal barrier"pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBS-D.Traditional Chinese medicine monomers/compounds or Chinese medicine compound can treat IBS-D by regulating the"SCFAs-intestinal barrier"through multiple pathways and multiple targets.This article takes the relationship between SCFAs and the four major intestinal barriers,as well as the mediating effect of IBS-D,as the starting point to systematically review and sort out the relevant literature on the targeted regulation of"SCFAs-intestinal barrier"in the treatment of IBS-D by Traditional Chinese medicine monomers/compounds and Chinese medicine compound;explores the theoretical basis of IBS-D caused by"SCFAs-intestinal barrier"from the perspective of"Large intes-tine dominating fluid",in order to provid ideas for Traditional Chinese medicine to establish a precision treatment system with Chinese medicine characteristics.

The incidence of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)remains high,with microRNA(miRNA)-mediated intestinal barrier dysfunction,visceral hypersensitivity,low-grade inflammation,and dysbiosis playing significant roles in its pathogenesis.Traditional Chinese medicines can treat IBS-D by directly or indirectly targeting miRNAs to regulate multiple pathways and targets in a coordinated manner.This article systematically reviews the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IBS-D and the progress of traditional Chinese medicine interventions.It explores the relationship between traditional genetics,epigenetics,and the Chinese medicine concepts of'kidney'and'spleen'in terms of congenital and acquired interactions from a molecular biology perspective.This review thus provides a reference for exploring the micro-material basis of the'Zang-Xiang'theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and offers new ideas and method for the effective treatment of IaBS-D using traditional Chinese medicine.

The incidence of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D)remains high,with microRNA(miRNA)-mediated intestinal barrier dysfunction,visceral hypersensitivity,low-grade inflammation,and dysbiosis playing significant roles in its pathogenesis.Traditional Chinese medicines can treat IBS-D by directly or indirectly targeting miRNAs to regulate multiple pathways and targets in a coordinated manner.This article systematically reviews the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IBS-D and the progress of traditional Chinese medicine interventions.It explores the relationship between traditional genetics,epigenetics,and the Chinese medicine concepts of'kidney'and'spleen'in terms of congenital and acquired interactions from a molecular biology perspective.This review thus provides a reference for exploring the micro-material basis of the'Zang-Xiang'theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and offers new ideas and method for the effective treatment of IaBS-D using traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy and the influential factors in changsha city, and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and intervention of anemia during pregnancy. 
 METHODS: A cluster sampling of 713 mothers, who delivered baby between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013 in the three streets of kaifu district of Changsha, was selected to establish a retrospective cohort. The maternal health information during pregnancy was collected within 15 days after the delivery. The influential factors of anemia during pregnancy were analyzed by the method of retrospective nested case-control study and conditional logistic regression.
 RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Changsha was 9.96%. The multiple conditional logistic regression results show that high family income (OR=0.632, P=0.020), high education level (OR=0.276, P=0.033), folic acid supplement (OR =0.248, P=0.050), iron supplement (OR=0.272, P<0.001) and eating blood products (OR=0.588, P=0.044) were the beneficial factors for anemia during pregnancy, while multipara (OR=2.917, P=0.003), long duration of menstrual period before pregnancy (OR=1.335, P=0.041), living in new decoration housing (OR=3.690, P=0.045) and tea-drinking (OR=1.365, P=0.094) were the risk factors for anemia during pregnancy. 
 CONCLUSION The prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in Changsha is below the average levels. The occurrence of anemia during pregnancy is closely related to the women's economic level and nutritional status. Women should strengthen maternal nutrition during pregnancy and bedroom environment monitor, drink little strong tea and improve the nutritional status of iron during pregnancy.
Anemia ; Case-Control Studies ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Nutritional Status ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To compile a questionnaire on maternal and child health birth cohort study, to provide effective tools for exploring the effect of various exposure factors on pregnancy outcome and children's health, and to track children's growth and development dynamically.
 METHODS: The preliminary questionnaire on maternal and child health birth cohort study was designed after literature research, health information systems analysis and group discussion. The questionnaire was finalized after expert consultation and pre-survey.
 RESULTS: The formal questionnaire on maternal and child health birth cohort study was developed, including maternal health information and children's health information.
 CONCLUSION The questionnaire can be used for collecting maternal health data and children's health data within 1 year old, and this work is useful for scholars in the study on birth cohort invovling the maternal and child health.
Child Health ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Maternal Health ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of pre-pregnancy body mass index on baby's physical growth and nutritional status. METHODS: A total of 491 pairs of mother-infant were divided into 3 groups according to mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI): a pre-pregnancy low BMI group (BMI<18.5 kg/m², n=93), a pre-pregnancy normal BMI group (18.5 kg/m² ≤ BMI<24.0 kg/m², n=326), and a pre-pregnancy high BMI group (BMI ≥ 24.0 kg/m², n=72). Analysis of variance of repeated measurement data and the median percentage methods were used to compare the physical growth and nutritional status of babies in different groups. RESULTS: Baby's weight in the high BMI group were higher than that in the normal BMI and the low BMI group (F=3.958, P=0.020). The incidence of malnutrition in the low BMI group showed a tendency to decline along with the months (χ²=5.611, P=0.018), the incidence of overweight and obesity in the high and the normal BMI groups displayed a tendency to decline along with the months (χ²=18.773, 53.248, all P<0.001). Baby in the low BMI group had higher incidence of malnutrition while baby in the high BMI group had higher incidence of overweight and obesity. CONCLUSION Pregnancy BMI was correlated with the growth of baby. Too high or too low prepregnancy BMI exerts harmful effect on baby's weight and nutritional status. Medical workers should strengthen the education on women's pre-pregnancy to remind them keeping BMI at normal level.
Birth Weight ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Nutritional Status ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pregnancy ; Weight Gain