Objective To investigate the intervention effect and mechanism of sinomenine(SIN)on Parkinson's disease(PD)mice based on GSK3 β/Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κ B signaling pathways.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups:normal group,model group,positive drug group(Levodopa,75 mg?kg-1)and SIN low-,medium-and high-dose groups(20,40,80 mg?kg-1),with 8 mice in each group.Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 20 mg?kg-1 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)once a day for 5 days.Intragastric administration was performed 1 hour after injection of MPTP,once a day for 12 days.On the day 11 of administration,the mice were subjected to a pole-climbing experiment,and on the day 12,a rotating rod experiment was performed to test the behavioral changes of the mice.The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-6 were detected by ELISA.The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in brain tissue were detected by RT-qPCR.The protein expression levels of TH,Nrf2,HO-1,p-GSK3β,GSK3β,p-IκB,IκB,p-NF-κB and NF-κB in brain tissue were detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the automatic turning latency(T-turn)of the model group was significantly prolonged(P＜0.05),and the number of falls was significantly increased(P＜0.001).The expression level of TH protein in brain tissue was significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased(P＜0.001).The serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The protein expression levels of p-GSK3β/GSK3β,Nrf2 and HO-1 in brain tissue were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.001),and the protein expression ratios of p-IκB/IκB and p-NF-κB/NF-κB were significantly increased(P＜0.001).Compared with the model group,the T-turn in the Sin medium-and high-dose groups was significantly shortened(P＜0.05,P＜0.001),the falling latency was significantly prolonged(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),the times of falls was significantly reduced(P＜0.001),the expression level of TH protein in brain tissue was significantly increased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),and the level of serum TNF-α was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β,TNF-α and IL-6 in brain tissue of mice in each administration group were significantly decreased(P＜0.001),the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),the protein expression levels of p-GSK3β/GSK3β,Nrf2 and HO-1 in brain tissue were significantly increased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001),and the protein expression ratios of p-IκB/IκB and p-NF-κB/NF-κB were significantly decreased(P＜0.001).Conclusion SIN can enhance anti-oxidative stress and inhibit neuroinflammation by regulating GSK3β/Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB pathways in the brain of Parkinson's disease mice,thereby exerting neuroprotective effects.

Objective To explore the relationship between peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received treatment with camrelizumab. Methods We retrospectively collected data from 88 patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent camrelizumab treatment. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were collected from patients before and two months after treatment. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were employed to investigate the relationship between peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and PFS and OS. Results Compared with non-responder group, the baseline peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio was higher (P=0.038), while the CD8+T lymphocyte percentage was lower (P=0.036) in the responder group. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that a high baseline CD4+/CD8+ ratio was associated with long PFS and OS (P=0.001, P=0.023). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the baseline CD4+/CD8+ ratio was a significant predictor for PFS and OS. Additionally, a high post-treatment CD4+/CD8+ ratio and high CD4+T lymphocyte percentage were associated with long PFS (P=0.005, P=0.015), whereas a low post-treatment CD8+T lymphocyte percentage was associated with long PFS and OS (P=0.001, P=0.016). Conclusion The peripheral blood CD4+/CD8+ ratio can serve as a predictive factor for survival of patients with NSCLC treated with camrelizumab.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in plain-sand areas and loess hilly areas of Gansu province.Methods:A total of 1 599 T2DM patients who participated in chronic disease and risk factors monitoring and basic public health service management were selected by multi-stage stratified random sampling method in the sandy plain areas and loess hilly areas of Gansu province. Questionnaire survey, physical measurement and laboratory tests were performed. Multivariate binary logistic model was used to analyze the influencing factors.Results:The prevalence of DKD was 22.1% (174/787) among T2DM patients in the sandy plain areas and 19.1%(155/812) in the loess hilly area, respectively. Hypertension ( OR=3.022), hyperuricemia ( OR=2.114) and HbA1c≥7%( OR=2.231) were the risk factors for DKD in the plain-sand areas, and the risk of DKD increased with age. In the loess hilly areas, female sex ( OR=0.379) was the protective factor for DKD; while duration of disease≥10 years ( OR=2.476), hyperuricemia ( OR=1.907), HbA1c≥7% ( OR=1.927) were the risk factors for DKD; and the risk of DKD increased with the increase of age, and decreased with the increase of per capita monthly income. Conclusions:The prevalence of DKD and its influencing factors are different between sandy plain areas and loess hilly areas in Gansu province. The prevention and treatment of hypertension should be given more attention in sandy plain areas. In addition, the screening of DKD should be conducted among T2DM patients, particularly for those with old age, hyperuricemia and HbA1c≥7% in both areas of the province.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the Ilizarov technique in the treatment of post-traumatic lower extremity shortening with talipes equinovarus.Methods:Clinical data of patients with post-traumatic lower extremity shortening and talipes equinovarus treated by the Ilizarov technique in the Department of Orthopaedics of Xuzhou Renci Hospital from January 2013 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The annular external fixator was installed on the affected limb according to the Ilizarov principle of external fixation. 3 days after the operation, the internal and lateral screw rods were adjusted at the speed of 2 mm/d to gradually correct the talipes equinovarus. 7 days after surgery, the lower leg was lengthened at a speed of 1 mm/d. After the foot was corrected, the foot external fixator was continued to be worn for 4 to 6 weeks, and then the fixator was removed and the foot was immobilized with a brace for 6 to 8 weeks. The lower leg fixator was removed after the lower extremity length was restored and the bone mineralization at the extension site was good. The length of both lower extremities, angle of talonavicular joint, angle of plantar flexion and dorsal extension of the ankle, and range of motion of ankle were compared before surgery and at the last follow-up. At the last follow-up, the affected feet were scored and rated using the International Clubfoot Study Group (ICFSG) scoring system, which was divided into four grades: excellent, good, medium, and poor. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and each measurement index and ICFSG score were expressed in Mean±SD. Paired t-test was used to compare the preoperative and last follow-up data, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 31 patients were enrolled, including 17 males and 14 females. The age was 15-18 years old, with an average of 16.5 years old. There were 16 cases on the right side and 15 cases on the left side. The lower extremity shortening was 45-75 mm, with an average of 65 mm. The fixation time of the external fixator was 4.5-6 months after surgery, with an average of 5 months, and the follow-up time was 22-28 months, with an average of 25.5 months. The length of the affected lower extremity recovered, the shape was basically satisfactory, and the plantar gait was restored. At the last follow-up, compared with the preoperative period, the anteroposterior talocalcaneal angle of the foot (23.0°±2.1° vs. 8.5°±2.6°), from lateral talocalcaneal angle the foot (27.0°±4.3° vs. 11.2°±4.4°), ankle plantar flexion angle (24.5°±6.8° vs. 51.1°±6.5°), ankle dorsiflexion angle (5.8°±3.5° vs. -46.8°±7.0°) and ankle range of motion (30.3°±8.2° vs. 4.2°±1.6°) were statistically significant ( P <0.01). ICFSG score: The points at the last follow-up (8.0 ± 4.2) were significantly lower than that before the operation (41.9 ± 5.3) ( P<0.01), of which 18 were excellent, 9 were good, and 4 were medium. Two cases had recurrent deformities in the later stage, and the results were satisfactory after the fusion of the talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint and the anteposition of the posterior tibial tendon in the second stage. There were 4 cases of toe contracture deformity, which did not recur after the release of the flexor digitorum longus tendon at the toe. Anterior ankle impingement was observed in 5 cases and improved after the arthroscopic osteophyte removal. After the lower extremity extension was in place, the external fixator was replaced by the intramedullary nail for walking in 6 patients. The infection of the nail path occurred in 7 cases, which improved after replacement of fixing pins and dressing change of the nail path. Conclusion:The application of the Ilizarov technique in the treatment of post-traumatic lower extremity shortening with talipes equinovarus has the advantages of small trauma and dynamic control of deformity correction, which can achieve good result.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the Ilizarov technique in the treatment of post-traumatic lower extremity shortening with talipes equinovarus.Methods:Clinical data of patients with post-traumatic lower extremity shortening and talipes equinovarus treated by the Ilizarov technique in the Department of Orthopaedics of Xuzhou Renci Hospital from January 2013 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The annular external fixator was installed on the affected limb according to the Ilizarov principle of external fixation. 3 days after the operation, the internal and lateral screw rods were adjusted at the speed of 2 mm/d to gradually correct the talipes equinovarus. 7 days after surgery, the lower leg was lengthened at a speed of 1 mm/d. After the foot was corrected, the foot external fixator was continued to be worn for 4 to 6 weeks, and then the fixator was removed and the foot was immobilized with a brace for 6 to 8 weeks. The lower leg fixator was removed after the lower extremity length was restored and the bone mineralization at the extension site was good. The length of both lower extremities, angle of talonavicular joint, angle of plantar flexion and dorsal extension of the ankle, and range of motion of ankle were compared before surgery and at the last follow-up. At the last follow-up, the affected feet were scored and rated using the International Clubfoot Study Group (ICFSG) scoring system, which was divided into four grades: excellent, good, medium, and poor. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and each measurement index and ICFSG score were expressed in Mean±SD. Paired t-test was used to compare the preoperative and last follow-up data, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:A total of 31 patients were enrolled, including 17 males and 14 females. The age was 15-18 years old, with an average of 16.5 years old. There were 16 cases on the right side and 15 cases on the left side. The lower extremity shortening was 45-75 mm, with an average of 65 mm. The fixation time of the external fixator was 4.5-6 months after surgery, with an average of 5 months, and the follow-up time was 22-28 months, with an average of 25.5 months. The length of the affected lower extremity recovered, the shape was basically satisfactory, and the plantar gait was restored. At the last follow-up, compared with the preoperative period, the anteroposterior talocalcaneal angle of the foot (23.0°±2.1° vs. 8.5°±2.6°), from lateral talocalcaneal angle the foot (27.0°±4.3° vs. 11.2°±4.4°), ankle plantar flexion angle (24.5°±6.8° vs. 51.1°±6.5°), ankle dorsiflexion angle (5.8°±3.5° vs. -46.8°±7.0°) and ankle range of motion (30.3°±8.2° vs. 4.2°±1.6°) were statistically significant ( P <0.01). ICFSG score: The points at the last follow-up (8.0 ± 4.2) were significantly lower than that before the operation (41.9 ± 5.3) ( P<0.01), of which 18 were excellent, 9 were good, and 4 were medium. Two cases had recurrent deformities in the later stage, and the results were satisfactory after the fusion of the talonavicular joint and calcaneocuboid joint and the anteposition of the posterior tibial tendon in the second stage. There were 4 cases of toe contracture deformity, which did not recur after the release of the flexor digitorum longus tendon at the toe. Anterior ankle impingement was observed in 5 cases and improved after the arthroscopic osteophyte removal. After the lower extremity extension was in place, the external fixator was replaced by the intramedullary nail for walking in 6 patients. The infection of the nail path occurred in 7 cases, which improved after replacement of fixing pins and dressing change of the nail path. Conclusion:The application of the Ilizarov technique in the treatment of post-traumatic lower extremity shortening with talipes equinovarus has the advantages of small trauma and dynamic control of deformity correction, which can achieve good result.

Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder.At present, the diagnosis of depressive disorder mainly relies on patients' self-reported symptoms and clinical interviews which are relatively subjective.As one of the new technologies assisting diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has received a lot of attention in recent years.This article reviewed studies of using NIRS in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder in the past five years.The review showed that NIRS could reflect abnormal hemodynamic activities of the prefrontal cortex and temporal cortex of patients with depressive disorder, especially the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal gyrus.Changes of concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in these areas showed higher accuracy in assisting the diagnosis of depression disorder.Until now, only a few longitudinal studies utilized NIRS to compare changes of cerebral hemodynamic activities at different time points of treatment which preliminarily confirmed the potential of NIRS in the evaluation of therapeutic effects of depressive disorder.In future, more large-scale studies will be needed to further determine the specific application standards for NIRS in the diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of depressive disorder.

Objective:To explore the effect of cognitive behavior orientation group psychotherapy on coping style, time management and family function of middle school students with internet addiction, and provide theoretical basis for the internet addiction psychotherapy system.Methods:Based on IAT, 70 internet addiction middle school students were screened and divided into control group and experimental group according to random number table method.The control group was only given conventionally psychological and drug treatments, the experimental group participated in cognitive behavioral orientation group psychotherapy on the basis of the treatment of the control group.Thirty-two people in the control group and thirty-three people in the experimental group completed the treatment.Before and after treatment, the two groups of middle school students were evaluated by the internet IAT, the SCSQ, the ATMD and the FAD.Results:There was no significant difference in the scales between the two groups of internet addiction middle school students before treatment (all P>0.05). After the intervention of the experimental group, the differences in the positive response (1.89±0.51), negative response (1.55±0.51), time monitoring (58.39±12.10), time value (26.64±4.48), time efficacy (30.42±5.18), and roles(18.85±2.40), communication(24.18±3.77), behavior control (18.82±2.57) and general functioning(24.79±3.90) of FAD were statistically significant compared with the control group (1.62±0.44), (1.84±0.55), (52.09±11.72), (19.34±3.96), (21.91±6.13), (21.16±2.63), (26.09±3.75), (20.59±2.54), (28.69±3.68) and the pre-intervention period (1.46±0.48), (1.97±0.56), (48.73±13.46), (18.27±4.84), (20.00±5.79), (21.76±2.72), (26.58±3.86), (19.76±2.96), (29.27±4.76) (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in problem-solving (12.67±2.50) and affective responsiveness (14.03±3.73) scores of the FAD between the experimental group and the pre-intervention group (14.15±2.83), (14.61±3.66) (all P<0.05). There were significant differences in SCSQ and ATMD before and after treatment in the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Cognitive behavior orientation group psychotherapy can optimize the coping style, ameliorate their time management ability and significantly improve the role, communication, behavior control and overall function of family function of middle school students with internet addiction.

Objective:To study the patterns of tocilizumab (TCZ) use, its efficacy and safety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in routine clinical practice.Methods:A total of 407 patients with RA were enrolled from 23 centers and treated with TCZ within 8 weeks prior to the enrollment visit, and were followed for 6-month. The patterns of TCZ treatment at 6 months, the effectiveness and safety outcomes were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4.Results:A total of 396 patients were included for analysis, in which 330 (83.3%) patients received TCZ combined with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), and 16.7%(66/396) received TCZ monotherapy. At baseline, TCZ was initiated in 56.6%(224/396) and 9.6%(38/396) of patients after failure of DMARDs and other biological agents (bDMARDs) respectively. During the 6-month follow-up period, the mean frequency of TCZ administration was (3.7±1.6), the mean TCZ dosage was (7.4±1.2) mg/kg, and the mean interval between doses was (40±13) days. 120(25.8%) patients were on TCZ treatment at the end of the study. Improvements in disease activity, systemic symptoms and patient report outcomes were observed at the end of the study. 22.7%(90/396) patients experienced at least one treatment related adverse event, and 8 patients experienced at least one serious adverse event.Conclusion:This study demonstrates that TCZ treatment is effective in patients with RA when being treated for 6 months with an acceptable safety profile. The duration of TCZ treatment needs to be extended.

Objective To study and analyze the CT and MRI findings of hepatic eosinophilic infiltration. Methods Twenty nine patients of hepatic eosinophilic infiltration who were confirmed by biopsy or clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients underwent CT and/or MRI scan. Twenty seven cases underwent upper abdominal CT plain scan and three phase enhanced scan, and 5 cases underwent upper abdominal MR plain scan and three phase enhanced scan, of which 3 cases underwent CT and MRI scan. Evaluations were made regarding to the numbers of lesion, distribution, size, shape, margin, density or signal characteristic, enhancement parttern and other special features. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between the number of hepatic lesions and the number of eosinophils in peripheral blood. Results A total of 108 lesions of eosinophilic hepatic infiltration were observed in 29 cases, including 2 cases with single lesion and 27 cases with multiple lesions. Ninety five of the lesions were located in subcapsular parenchyma or surrounding the portal vein. Most subcapsular lesions were wedge-shaped(n=28). Lesions surrounding portal vein were round-shaped(n=32), while the hepatic parenchymal lesions were irregular or round-shaped(n=13). The mean size of lesion was 34 mm, ranging from 3 to 61 mm. The margin of all the lesions were obscure. The lesions showed slightly low density or isodensity on CT pre-contrast images. On MR pre-contrast images, lesions showed slightly low signal or isointense on T1WI, and hyperintense on T2WI. Branches of portal vein were found infilrated by all lesions. Tueleve cases showed“stripe sign”along the portal vein branches, 16 cases showed“halo ring sign”around the portal vein. Pearson analysis indicated a significant correlation between the number of eosinophilic hepatic infiltrated lesions and the increase of eosinophils in peripheral blood (r=0.783, P<0.05). Conclusion The imaging features of EHI had certain characteristics, especially in the three phase dynamic enhanced scanning, from which we can mainly find“progressive enhancement”,“portal vein sign”,“stripe sign”and“halo ring sign”.

BACKGROUND:Glycyrrhiza flavonoids can protect muscle tissues against oxidative and inflammatory injuries.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects of Glycyrrhiza flavonoids on energy storing and release of adipose tissue by studying expressions of perilipin mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle tissues of rats after exhaustive exercise.
METHODS:Fifty male healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were used and equaly randomized into five groups: quiet control, exercise alone (intragastric administration with saline), exercise combined with low-, moderate-, high-dose Glycyrrhiza flavonoids (intragastric administration with Glycyrrhiza flavonoids) groups, respectively. Perilipin mRNA and protein expressions in skeletal muscle tissues containing gastrocnemius muscle and musculi soleus were determined at 6 weeks after exhaustive exercise.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Expression of perilipin mRNA in rat gastrocnemius muscle in quiet control group was significantly decreased compared with exercise alone and al combined intervention groups (P < 0.05 orP < 0.01). Protein expression of perilipin in exercise combined with moderate- or high-dose glycyrrhiza flavonoids group was significantly increased compared with quiet control group (P < 0.05). Expression of perilipin mRNA in rat musculi soleus was significantly decreased compared with exercise combined with moderate-dose glycyrrhiza flavonoids group (P < 0.05). These findings confirm that Glycyrrhiza flavonoids are benefit for improvement of aerobic metabolism capacity of gastrocnemius muscle through regulating lipolysis pathway.