OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP)in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with renal anemia and construct the risk prediction model so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of PDAP.METHODS A total of 142 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were complicated with renal anemia and underwent peritoneal dialysis in nephrology department of the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan.2017 to Dec.2023 were recrui-ted as the research subjects and were divided into the peritonitis group with 68 cases and the non-peritonitis group with 74 cases according to the status of complication with PDAP.The related data were collected,the univariate a-nalysis and binary logistic regression analysis were performed,the risk prediction model was established,and the obtained model was visualized for further analysis.RESULTS The univariate analysis showed that the age and lev-els of glycosylated hemoglobin,triglyceride and fibrinogen were higher in the peritonitis group than in the non-per-itonitis group;the levels of serum potassium,serum iron and total iron binding capacity of the peritonitis group were lower than those of the non-peritonitis group,and there were significant differences(all P＜0.05).The bina-ry logistic regression analysis indicated that glycosylated hemoglobin no less than 7.00％(OR=4.047,95％CI:1.663 to 9.847,P=0.002),no less than 60 years of age(OR=2.181,95％CI:1.039 to 4.578,P=0.039),triglyc-eride greater than 1.47 mmol/L(OR=2.393,95％CI:1.140 to 5.026,P=0.021)and serum iron less than 7.90μmol/L(OR=2.582,95％CI:1.188 to 5.608,P=0.017)were the risk factors for the PDAP in the type 2 diabe-tes mellitus patients complicated with renal anemia.CONCLUSIONS The glycosylated hemoglobin no less than 7.00％,no less than 60 years of age,triglyceride greater than 1.47 mmol/L and serum iron less than 7.90 μmol/L are the risk factors for PDAP in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with renal anemia.The risk pre-diction model can be established based on the above factors,and the intervention measures should be actively taken so as to reduce the risk of PDAP and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the governance requirements for real world data(RWD)in China's medical standards and specifications,summarize key technical aspects of data governance,and provide refer-ences for RWD governance-related research.Methods Computerized searches were conducted in CNKI,Wan-fang Data,VIP,and SinoMed,as well as the official websites of 29 national medical societies and the National Standard Information Public Service Platform,covering all records from inception to December 12,2023.A data extraction form was developed,and the included standards and specifications were categorized according to the first six RWD governance processes outlined in the Guidelines for Real World Data Used to Generate Real-World Evidence(Trial)issued by the National Medical Products Administration:data security,data extraction,data cleaning,data transformation,data transmission and storage,and quality control.Relevant content on data governance was systematically summarized and comparatively analyzed.Results A total of 32 standards and specifications were included,comprising 15 foundational medical data standards and 17 data gov-ernance technical specifications.Among these,6 addressed data security,6 covered data extraction,5 focused on data cleaning,5 involved data transformation,6 pertained to data transmission and storage,and 4 discussed quality control.Foundational medical data standards included data description elements,terminology,and format standards,broadly covering essential data elements and meeting basic standardization needs.Data gov-ernance technical specifications primarily provided general guidelines for medical data governance,emphasizing requirements and recommendations.While requirements for data security and extraction were relatively well-de-fined,technical guidance on data transformation and quality control remained limited,and implementation pathways for data cleaning,transmission,and storage were insufficiently detailed.Conclusions As real-world evidence plays an increasingly critical role in healthcare decision-making,China's medical standards and speci-fications have established a preliminary governance framework for RWD.However,technical details and practi-cal implementation of RWD governance still require further refinement.

Objective To investigate the governance requirements for real world data(RWD)in China's medical standards and specifications,summarize key technical aspects of data governance,and provide refer-ences for RWD governance-related research.Methods Computerized searches were conducted in CNKI,Wan-fang Data,VIP,and SinoMed,as well as the official websites of 29 national medical societies and the National Standard Information Public Service Platform,covering all records from inception to December 12,2023.A data extraction form was developed,and the included standards and specifications were categorized according to the first six RWD governance processes outlined in the Guidelines for Real World Data Used to Generate Real-World Evidence(Trial)issued by the National Medical Products Administration:data security,data extraction,data cleaning,data transformation,data transmission and storage,and quality control.Relevant content on data governance was systematically summarized and comparatively analyzed.Results A total of 32 standards and specifications were included,comprising 15 foundational medical data standards and 17 data gov-ernance technical specifications.Among these,6 addressed data security,6 covered data extraction,5 focused on data cleaning,5 involved data transformation,6 pertained to data transmission and storage,and 4 discussed quality control.Foundational medical data standards included data description elements,terminology,and format standards,broadly covering essential data elements and meeting basic standardization needs.Data gov-ernance technical specifications primarily provided general guidelines for medical data governance,emphasizing requirements and recommendations.While requirements for data security and extraction were relatively well-de-fined,technical guidance on data transformation and quality control remained limited,and implementation pathways for data cleaning,transmission,and storage were insufficiently detailed.Conclusions As real-world evidence plays an increasingly critical role in healthcare decision-making,China's medical standards and speci-fications have established a preliminary governance framework for RWD.However,technical details and practi-cal implementation of RWD governance still require further refinement.

OBJECTIVE To explore the risk factors for peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis(PDAP)in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with renal anemia and construct the risk prediction model so as to provide references for clinical diagnosis and treatment of PDAP.METHODS A total of 142 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who were complicated with renal anemia and underwent peritoneal dialysis in nephrology department of the First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Jan.2017 to Dec.2023 were recrui-ted as the research subjects and were divided into the peritonitis group with 68 cases and the non-peritonitis group with 74 cases according to the status of complication with PDAP.The related data were collected,the univariate a-nalysis and binary logistic regression analysis were performed,the risk prediction model was established,and the obtained model was visualized for further analysis.RESULTS The univariate analysis showed that the age and lev-els of glycosylated hemoglobin,triglyceride and fibrinogen were higher in the peritonitis group than in the non-per-itonitis group;the levels of serum potassium,serum iron and total iron binding capacity of the peritonitis group were lower than those of the non-peritonitis group,and there were significant differences(all P＜0.05).The bina-ry logistic regression analysis indicated that glycosylated hemoglobin no less than 7.00％(OR=4.047,95％CI:1.663 to 9.847,P=0.002),no less than 60 years of age(OR=2.181,95％CI:1.039 to 4.578,P=0.039),triglyc-eride greater than 1.47 mmol/L(OR=2.393,95％CI:1.140 to 5.026,P=0.021)and serum iron less than 7.90μmol/L(OR=2.582,95％CI:1.188 to 5.608,P=0.017)were the risk factors for the PDAP in the type 2 diabe-tes mellitus patients complicated with renal anemia.CONCLUSIONS The glycosylated hemoglobin no less than 7.00％,no less than 60 years of age,triglyceride greater than 1.47 mmol/L and serum iron less than 7.90 μmol/L are the risk factors for PDAP in the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients complicated with renal anemia.The risk pre-diction model can be established based on the above factors,and the intervention measures should be actively taken so as to reduce the risk of PDAP and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of ankyrin-repeat domain-containing protein 22(ANKRD22)on the proliferation,invasion,and migration of human hepatoma cells and its molecular mechanism.Methods The TCGA database was used to analyze the expression level of ANKRD22 in normal liver tissue and hepatocellular carcinoma tissue and its association with prognosis.Western Blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expression of ANKRD22 in human normal liver cells(L-02)and human hepatoma cells(Huh7,HepG2,MHCC-97H,SK-HEP-1,and SMMC-7721);CCK-8 assay,EdU,wound healing assay,and Transwell assay were used to observe the effect of ANKRD22 on the proliferation,invasion,and migration of hepatoma cells;Western Blot was used to investigate the association of ANKRD22 with cyclins and EMT-related proteins;KEGG and ssGSEA analyses were performed to investigate the mechanism of action of ANKRD22 in hepatoma cells,and related experiments were conducted for validation.The independent-samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups;a one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups,and the least significant difference t-test was used for further comparison between two groups.Results In the TCGA database,the expression level of ANKRD22 in hepatoma tissue was significantly higher than that in normal liver tissue(t=5.083,P<0.05),and the patients with a high expression level of ANKRD22 had longer overall survival and disease-related survival than those with a low expression level of ANKRD22(P<0.05).The expression level of ANKRD22 in various human hepatoma cell lines was higher than that in human normal liver cells(all P<0.05).Cell proliferation assay showed that the ANKRD22 overexpression group had significantly higher EdU positive rate and proliferation rate than the Vector group(t=19.60 and 6.72,both P<0.001),and compared with the si-NC group,the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower EdU positive rate and proliferation rate(all P<0.001).Compared with the Vector group,the overexpression group had significantly higher expression levels of Cyclin E1,Cyclin D1,CDK7,and CDK4(t=3.54,4.95,6.34,and 5.19,all P<0.01),and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower expression levels than the si-NC group(all P<0.001).The overexpression group had a significantly lower expression level of P27 than the Vector group(t=6.12,P<0.001),and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had a significantly higher expression level than the si-NC group(both P<0.001).Invasion and migration experiments showed that compared with the Vector group,the ANKRD22 overexpression group had significantly higher migration rate and number of crossings through the membrane(migration group and invasion group)(t=5.01,25.60,and 3.67,all P<0.05),and compared with the si-NC group,thesi-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower migration rate and number of crossings through the membrane(migration group and invasion group)(all P<0.01).The overexpression group had significantly higher expression levels of N-cadherin,Vimentin,and Snail than the Vector group(t=12.13,8.85,and 13.97,all P<0.001),and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower expression levels than the si-NC group(all P<0.001);the overexpression group had a significantly lower expression level of E-cadherin than the Vector group(t=4.98,P<0.01),and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had a significantly higher expression level than the si-NC group(both P<0.001).The KEGG enrichment analysis and the ssGSEA analysis showed that ANKRD22 was associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma,and the overexpression group had significantly higher expression levels of p-AKT/AKT,p-PI3K/PI3K,and p-mTOR/mTOR than the Vector group(t=12.21,3.43,and 9.75,all P<0.01),and the si-ANKRD22#2 group and the si-ANKRD22#3 group had significantly lower expression levels than the si-NC group(all P<0.001).Conclusion ANKRD22 is highly expressed in hepatoma cells and can promote the proliferation,invasion,and migration of hepatoma cells and the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Immune system is thought to be closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) in recent years. Genome-wide association studies have identified many AD risk genes related to immune response and microglia. This paper mainly reviews immune-related AD risk genes, describing their biological functions and possible roles in AD, in order to provide new scientific basis for early prevention and treatment of AD.

As an important model industrial microorganism, Escherichia coli has been widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical industry and agriculture. In the past 30 years, a variety of new strategies and techniques, including artificial intelligence, gene editing, metabolic pathway assembly, and dynamic regulation have been used to design, construct, and optimize E. coli cell factories, which remarkably improved the efficiency for biotechnological production of chemicals. In this review, three key aspects for constructing E. coli cell factories, including pathway design, pathway assembly and regulation, and optimization of global cellular performance, are summarized. The technologies that have played important roles in metabolic engineering of E. coli, as well as their future applications, are discussed.
Artificial Intelligence ; Escherichia coli/genetics* ; Gene Editing ; Metabolic Engineering ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the safety and efficacy of transcatheter genicular artery embolization (GAE) for moderate to severe knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:This prospective study included 13 patients (17 knees) with KOA who were treated with GAE from October 2020 to March 2021. The Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade was 2-3 for 11 knees, and 4 for 6 knees. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) assessments were performed for all the subjects before operation. The success rate, clinical efficacy and complications were recorded after operation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 1 day, 1week and 1, 3, 6 months after the operation.Results:The success rate of GAE in 17 cases was 100%, and the success rate of target artery superselection was 98.4%(63/64). The baseline WOMAC pain score was 11(10, 13) and total score was 44(38, 58) for 17 knees. Post-operation follow-up WOMAC pain score were 4(3, 7), 2(1, 5), 2(1, 6) and 4(2, 6) at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. Post-operation follow-up WOMAC total score were 22 (15, 34),20 (12, 24),17 (12, 26) and 20 (12, 31) at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. There were 16 knees with 6 month follow-up assessment, with the WOMAC pain score of 2.5(2, 5), and the total score of 15(12, 26). Significant difference was found in the WOMAC pain score between baseline and the 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months follow up ( Z=-3.631, -3.623, -3.622, -3.622, -3.532, all P<0.001); also, the total score was statistically significant different between the baseline and the 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months follow up ( Z=-3.639, -3.634, -3.646, -3.527, -3.532, all P<0.001). At 3 months follow-up, there was 1 knee recognized clinical failure. Post-operative adverse reaction in this group included skin ecchymosis in femoral artery puncture area ( n=3), knee joint stiffness and pain within 1 week ( n=4),and clanging joints during postoperative activities ( n=6). Conclusion:GAE is a feasible and safe procedure with obvious short-term curative effect, which can alleviate pain symptoms and improve restricted movement in patients with KOA.

Objective To investigate the expression of microRNA-1290 in pancreatic cancer and its role in invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer.Methods The expression of microRNA-1290 in pancreatic cancer tissue microarray and pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1,BxPC-3,Capan-2,Panc-1,and MIA PaCa-2) were detected by immunohistochemistry and QT-PCR.The pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1 and MIA PaCa-2 in logarithmic growth phase were treated with microRNA-1290 inhibitor,and the invasion and metastasis ability of pancreatic cancer cells were detected by Transwell and wound healing asssay.Western Blot was used to detect the expression of invasion and metastasis-associated proteins cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2) in pancreatic cancer cell lines.Results (1) The expression of microRNA-1290 in pancreatic cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal pancreatic tissues and adjacent tissues (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Compared with pancreatic normal epithelial cells (HPDE),the expression of microRNA-1290 was significantly higher in different pancreatic cancer cell lines (P ＜ 0.05).The expression level of MicroRNA-1290 in Panc-1 and MIAPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells was significantly higher than that in other pancreatic cancer cell lines (P ＜ 0.05).(3) The number of invasive and metastatic cells was significantly decreased after treatment with microRNA-1290 inhibitor (P ＜0.05).(4) The expression of MMP-2 and COX-2 were decreased in Panc-1 and MIAPaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells treated with MicroRNA-1290 inhibitor.Conclusion The expression of MMP-2 and COX-2 may be involved in the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cell by regulating the expression of microRNA-1290 in pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the impact of various distribution of bone cement on the early clinical outcomes in osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) patients treated with percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP).Methods A total of 312 patients (54 males and 258 females,mean age 69.37 years) who diagnosed as OVCF and received PKP treatment from January 2015 to July 2017 were enrolled in the present study.All subjects were divided into two groups according to different distribution of bone cement:the shaped "O" distribution (group O,113 cases),in which bone cement in the vertebral body presented whole crumb,no separation or loss of bone cement,and the shaped "H" distribution (group H,199 cases),in which bone cement in the vertebral body presented two briquettes,connected with or without a small amount of bone cement.Demographic data,surgical details,radiographic data,and clinical outcomes (at preoperatively,two-days and one-year follow-up) were compared between the two groups.Results There was no significant difference in bone mineral density (BMD),operation duration,blood loss,and occurrence of leakage of bone cement between two groups.In comparison with group O,group H was accompanied with higher volume of injected bone cement and higher proportion of bilateral approach (P＜0.05).Both groups achieved significant improvement of VAS scores after surgery,while the group H had a dramatical reduction of VAS scores at one-year follow-up compared with two-days follow-up (P＜0.05).In addition,group H had a better restoration of VAS scores at one-year follow-up than group O (P＜0.05),though no significant difference was observed at preoperative and two-days follow-up.Both groups achieved significant improvement of radiographic data after surgery (P＜0.05) with similar effects of correction.Conclusion Either shaped "H" or shaped"O" distribution of bone cement can obtain satisfied early clinical effects of PKP for the treatment of OVCF.Compared with shaped "O" distribution,shaped "H" distribution can achieve better pain relief at early follow-up.