Objective To review the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in the identification,monitoring and intervention of sleep disorders in the elderly and the effect. Methods A scoping review was conducted by searching relevant literature ahout the application of AI in the field of sleep disorders among the elderly from databases including PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and Wanfang data,covering literatures from the establishment to June,2024. Results A total of ten articles were included,originating from seven countries and involving 36 344 elderly participants.The publication dates ranged from 2020 to 2024.The study types included six cross-sectional studies,one pro-spective study,one self-controlled study and two randomized controlled trials.The articles mainly came from the fields of clinical medicine,sleep research,rehabilitation medicine and information engineering.AI was primarily used for monitoring the entire sleep process of the elderly,predicting and identifying sleep disorders,and inter-ventions such as biofeedback,online consultations and cognitive-behavioral therapy based on mobile platforms. Conclusion AI not only improves the accuracy of diagnosing sleep disorders,but also provides robust data support for clinical intervention.Online sleep interventions based on big data and intelligent algorithms can offer effective health management for the elderly.

Objective: To analyse the effects of physical activity on neurocognitive function in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD),so as to provide a theoretical basis and specific guidance for the clinical cognitive function rehabilitation practice of ASD children. Methods: Relevant literature on the effects of physical activity on neurocognitive function in children with ASD were searched in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases from their inception to March 2024 using specific subject terms. Information on authors, countries, publication dates, study populations, diagnostic criterion, interventions, measurement tools and study results were extracted postscreening. The methodological quality of the articles was assessed using the PEDro Scale, followed by a systematic review. Results: A total of seventeen articles and were included in the study and English literature, most of them were of good quality. The study included 10 randomized controlled trials, 4 quasiexperimental designs, and 3 preand posttest designs. The rehabilitative effects of physical activity on children with ASD were primarily observed in enhanced attention and executive function, as well as improvements in brain structure and function. Children with ASD showed varying cognitive effects in physical and skillbased programs, with skillbased activities like basketball and table tennis notably improving cognitive function. Conclusion Physical activity is an effective intervention that enhances cognitive abilities such as attention and executive function, as well as brain structure and function in children with ASD.

As people's living standards improve， the development trend of diabetes has gradually become severe. Diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with abnormal expression of nuclear factor-kappa B （NF-κB） in patients. NF-κB exists in various tissue cells and participates in the regulation of a variety of genes related to immune function and inflammation. Varieties of factors can activate NF-κB when the body is stimulated by external factors， so as to produce inflammation and other reactions. Previous studies on NF-κB mainly focus on cancer， and the pathological mechanism of the treatment of diabetes by related signaling pathways and the progress of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment have not been systematically elaborated on. By referring to the relevant literature in China and abroad， it was found that NF-κB is not isolated in the development and progression of diabetes but is associated with signal molecules related to inflammation， oxidative stress， and energy metabolism， and it is involved in mediating inflammation， pancreatic β cell apoptosis， insulin signal transduction， and other physiological functions. Therefore， blocking the transmission of NF-κB signaling pathway is beneficial to the treatment of diabetes. At present， Western medicine for the treatment of diabetes mainly includes oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin injections， but the adverse reactions are obvious. TCM has been characterized by multi-target， extensive action， and excellent curative effects in the treatment of diabetes. TCM and its compounds with functions of tonifying Qi and promoting blood circulation， regulating qi and eliminating phlegm， clearing heat and detoxifying， and nourishing Yin and moistening dryness can effectively intervene in the abnormal expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo through anti-inflammatory effects. In this paper， the association between NF-κB signaling pathway and diabetes was summarized， and the modern research progress of TCM intervention of NF-κB signaling pathway in the treatment of diabetes in the past five years was reviewed， so as to lay a laboratory foundation for the study of a new pathological mechanism of diabetes based on NF-κB signaling pathway and provide new targets and research direction for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and development of related TCM.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of rutin on the browning of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the mechanism. MethodCell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay was used to detect the effect of different concentration of rutin （3.125， 6.25， 12.5， 25， 50， 100， 200 μmol·L^-1） on 3T3-L1 cell activity， and Western blot to examine the effect of rutin （12.5， 25， 50 μmol·L^-1） on the expression of thermogenesis-associated proteins uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1）， PR domain containing 16 （PRDM16） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） in adipocytes. After the optimal concentration of rutin was determined， the effect of rutin on lipid droplet formation in adipocytes was observed based on oil red O staining， and the expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1 （NRF1）， nuclear respiratory factor 2 （NRF2） and mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM）， which were the landmark proteins of mitochondrial biosynthesis， was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the blank group， 200 μmol·L^-1 rutin inhibited 3T3-L1 cell activity （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， at the concentration of 12.5， 25， 50 μmol·L^-1 rutin significantly promoted the expression of thermogenesis-associated proteins （UCP1， PRDM16， and PGC-1α） （P<0.01）， which was determined as the optimal concentration. Compared with the blank group， 50 μmol·L^-1 rutin significantly increased the immunofluorescence intensity of mitochondrial UCP1 protein in 3T3-L1 cells （P<0.01） and the expression of the markers of mitochondrial biosynthesis （NRF1， NRF2， and TFAM） （P<0.01）. In addition， 50 μmol·L^-1 rutin significantly inhibited lipid droplet formation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes （P<0.01）. ConclusionRutin inhibited lipid droplet deposition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and increased the expression of thermogenesis-related proteins （UCP1， PRDM16， and PGC-1α） and markers of mitochondrial biosynthesis （NRF1， NRF2， and TFAM）， thereby inducing the browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This lays a basis for the development of drugs that safely regulate the browning of white cells.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of aerobic capacity on depression in school-age children, and the multiple mediators of the five dimensions of psychosocial functioning (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity) between aerobic capacity and depression. MethodsFrom October to December, 2021, pupils of Grade two to Grade five from two primary schools were chester-sampled and investigated using 20-meter multistage shuttle run test, Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children, Self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. ResultsA total of 391 pupils underwent 20-meter multistage shuttle run test, and 312 out of them answering the questionnaires, and 294 questionnaires were valid. Aerobic capacity, depression, emotional symptoms, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity were significantly correlated with each other (|r| > 0.127, P < 0.05) (except aerobic capacity and peer problems, and emotional symptoms and prosocial behavior). The results of the multiple mediation effect model showed that aerobic capacity could directly and negatively predict depression, and the mediating effects of emotional symptoms, peer problems, prosocial behavior and hyperactivity were significant, accounting for 34.37%, 12.54%, 34.06% and 17.80% of the total mediating effect, respectively. ConclusionThe aerobic capacity could not only directly affect depression of school-age children, but also improve their psychosocial functioning by reducing emotional symptoms, peer problems and hyperactivity, and increasing prosocial behavior, to indirectly affect their depression.

Objective To observe the effect of group biofeedback in patients with residual schiz-ophrenia(RS).Methods A total of 127 patients with RS were selected as study objects,and ran-domly divided into control group(n=63)and observation group(n=64).The control group re-ceived routine nursing,and the observation group received group biofeedback based on the control group.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS),Personal and Social Performance Scale(PSP)and Self-awareness Inventory(SAI)Questionnaire(treatment compliance)scores were com-pared between the two groups.Results After 12 weeks of intervention,the score of the positive symptoms,the score of negative symptoms and the total score of PANSS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The number of patients with PSP scores greater than 70 to 100 and greater than 30 to 70 in the observation group was significantly more than those in the control group,and the number of patients with PSP score of 0 to 30 was significantly less than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The SAI score of the observation group after interven-tion was significantly higher than that before intervention and control group,and the number of com-pleted biofeedback therapy in the observation group was significantly more than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Group biofeedback can promote symptom relief and improve treat-ment compliance in patients with RS.

Objective To observe the effect of group biofeedback in patients with residual schiz-ophrenia(RS).Methods A total of 127 patients with RS were selected as study objects,and ran-domly divided into control group(n=63)and observation group(n=64).The control group re-ceived routine nursing,and the observation group received group biofeedback based on the control group.The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale(PANSS),Personal and Social Performance Scale(PSP)and Self-awareness Inventory(SAI)Questionnaire(treatment compliance)scores were com-pared between the two groups.Results After 12 weeks of intervention,the score of the positive symptoms,the score of negative symptoms and the total score of PANSS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The number of patients with PSP scores greater than 70 to 100 and greater than 30 to 70 in the observation group was significantly more than those in the control group,and the number of patients with PSP score of 0 to 30 was significantly less than that in the control group(P＜0.05).The SAI score of the observation group after interven-tion was significantly higher than that before intervention and control group,and the number of com-pleted biofeedback therapy in the observation group was significantly more than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Group biofeedback can promote symptom relief and improve treat-ment compliance in patients with RS.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the effect of neurofeedback training on cognitive function in the elderly within the framework of the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11), and International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). MethodsA PICO framework was constructed. Randomized controlled trials on neurofeedback training for cognitive function in the elderly from PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and CNKI up to July, 2023 were systematically reviewed. Methodological quality assessment of the included literature was performed using Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. ResultsA total of 15 researches were included, from ten countries, involving 520 participants, who were healthy elderly individuals or those with mild cognitive impairment. Various neurofeedback waveforms were utilized, such as alpha, beta, theta, beta/alpha, and sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) waves. Intervention duration ranged from 20 to 90 minutes, with intervention frequencies spanning from a long-term intervention of 30 sessions over 12 weeks to a high-frequency short-term intervention of eight sessions over one week. The primary health outcomes focused on cognitive function, including memory, attention, inhibitory control and executive function. ConclusionNeurofeedback training can improve the cognitive function of the eldery, and alleviate cognitive aging.

Objective: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and insomnia symptoms are common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), which might lead to a poor prognosis and an increased risk of depression relapse. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence, and sociodemographic and clinical correlates of EDS and insomnia symptoms among adolescents with MDD. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study included 297 adolescents (mean age=15.26 years; range=12–18 years; 218 females) with MDD recruited from three general and four psychiatric hospitals in five cities (Hefei, Bengbu, Fuyang, Suzhou, and Ma’anshan) in Anhui Province, China between January and August, 2021. EDS and insomnia symptoms, and clinical severity of depressive symptoms were assessed using Epworth sleepiness scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Clinical Global Impression-Severity. Results: The prevalence of EDS and insomnia symptoms in adolescents with MDD was 39.7% and 38.0%, respectively. Binary logistic regression analyses showed that EDS symptoms were significantly associated with higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR]=1.097, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.027–1.172), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=1.313, 95% CI=1.028–1.679), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors use (OR=2.078, 95% CI=1.199–3.601). And insomnia symptoms were positively associated with female sex (OR=1.955, 95% CI=1.052–3.633), suicide attempts (OR=1.765, 95% CI=1.037–3.005), more severe depressive symptoms (OR=2.031, 95% CI=1.523–2.709), and negatively associated with antipsychotics use (OR=0.433, 95% CI=0.196–0.952). Conclusion EDS and insomnia symptoms are common among adolescents with MDD. Considering their negative effects on the clinical prognosis, regular screening and clinical managements should be developed for this patient population.

Background With the increasing exposure to hazardous chemicals in the workplace and frequency of occupational injuries and occupational safety accidents, the acquisition of occupational exposure limits of hazardous chemicals is imminent. Objective To obtain more unknown immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) concentrations of hazardous chemicals in the workplace by exploring the application of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) prediction method to IDLH concentrations, and to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the assessment and prevention of occupational injuries. Methods QSAR was used to correlate the IDLH values of 50 benzene and its derivatives with the molecular structures of target compounds. Firstly, affinity propagation algorithm was applied to cluster sample sets. Secondly, Dragon 2.1 software was used to calculate and pre-screen 537 molecular descriptors. Thirdly, the genetic algorithm was used to select six characteristic molecular descriptors as dependent variables and to construct a multiple linear regression model (MLR) and two nonlinear models using support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) respectively. Finally, model performance was evaluated by internal and external validation and Williams diagram was drawn to determine the scopes of selected models. Results The ANN model results showed that \begin{document}$ {R}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}}^{2} $\end{document}=0.8526 and \begin{document}$ {R}_{\mathrm{t}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}}^{2} $\end{document}=0.8505 respectively, root mean square (RMSE) error=0.5243, mean absolute error (MAE)=0.4610, internal and external validation coefficients \begin{document}$ {Q}_{\mathrm{l}00}^{2} $\end{document}=0.8476 and \begin{document}$ {Q}_{\mathrm{e}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{t}}^{2} $\end{document}=0.8905 respectively. By comparison, the performance verification parameters of the ANN model were superior to the MLR and SVM models, and all substances were in the applicable domain. Conclusion At present, the ANN model has the best performance in fitting ability, stability, and prediction, and is suitable for predicting IDLH concentrations of benzene and its derivatives. Predicting the IDLH concentraitons of benzene and its derivatives by QSAR method is an effective method, and provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the development of occupational health and safety.