ObjectiveTo explore the effect of different drying conditions on the appearance and intrinsic quality indicators of Pinelliae Rhizoma for screening suitable drying conditions， so as to provide reference for its standardized production and quality evaluation. MethodsDifferent dried samples of Pinelliae Rhizoma were prepared by lime-assisted sweating method and intermittent drying method. Visual analysis was employed to measure the color brightness values（L^*） of the surface， cross-section and powder of the samples， texture analyzer was used to determine the hardness of the samples under different drying conditions. The total starch content was calculated by measuring the contents of amylose and amylopectin in the samples with ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was used to determine the contents of seven nucleoside components（uracil， hypoxanthine， uridine， inosine， guanosine， β-thymidine and adenosine） in the samples. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between the external characteristics and intrinsic indicators of the different dried samples. Principal component analysis（PCA） was used to comprehensively rank the data of various indicators， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） was used to screen differential components with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Furthermore， the difference between the optimal drying condition for Pinelliae Rhizoma and the traditional sun-drying method was explored by independent samples t-test. ResultsWith the increase of temperature， the color of the intermittently dried samples gradually deepened， while their hardness gradually decreased. Concurrently， the contents of extract， total starch， uridine and adenosine exhibited an upward trend， whereas the contents of uracil， hypoxanthine and inosine displayed a downward trajectory. Compared with the intermittent drying group， the content of extract in the samples subjected to lime-assisted sweating increased. With the increase of lime dose， the hardness and the total content of nucleoside components in the samples showed a downward trend， while the total starch content showed an upward trend. Correlation analysis showed that the comprehensive score of L^* was negatively correlated with the contents of uracil， hypoxanthine and inosine， and positively correlated with the contents of uridine， guanosine and adenosine. Hardness was negatively correlated with adenosine content， and positively correlated with the contents of inosine， uracil and hypoxanthine. Through comprehensive consideration and comprehensive score of principal components， the method of 5% lime-mixed sweating for 6 days emerged as the top-ranking approach. Except for the extract， the results of independent samples t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the 5% lime-mixed sweating for 6 days and the traditional sun-drying in terms of other content indicators. ConclusionThe whiteness and firmness of Pinelliae Rhizoma exhibit significant correlations with its chemical composition， while uridine， uracil， guanosine， adenosine and inosine are the key constituents responsible for the quality difference of Pinelliae Rhizoma under different drying conditions. The lime-assisted sweating method optimized in this study can be proposed as a viable alternative to the traditional sun-drying method. This method not only ensures the quality of the medicinal material but also effectively reduces the drying time and prevents mold contamination， which provides a valuable reference for the standardization of drying conditions and the establishment of quality evaluation criteria for Pinelliae Rhizoma.

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is the most important legume forage crop worldwide with high nutritional value and yield.For a long time,the breeding of alfalfa was hampered by lacking reliable information on the autotetraploid genome and molecular markers linked to important agro-nomic traits.We herein reported the de novo assembly of the allele-aware chromosome-level genome of Zhongmu-4,a cultivar widely cultivated in China,and a comprehensive database of genomic variations based on resequencing of 220 germplasms.Approximate 2.74 Gb contigs(N50 of 2.06 Mb),accounting for 88.39％of the estimated genome,were assembled,and 2.56 Gb contigs were anchored to 32 pseudo-chromosomes.A total of 34,922 allelic genes were identified from the allele-aware genome.We observed the expansion of gene families,especially those related to the nitrogen metabolism,and the increase of repetitive elements including transposable elements,which probably resulted in the increase of Zhongmu-4 genome compared with Medicago truncatula.Population structure analysis revealed that the accessions from Asia and South America had rela-tively lower genetic diversity than those from Europe,suggesting that geography may influence alfalfa genetic divergence during local adaption.Genome-wide association studies identified 101 sin-gle nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with 27 agronomic traits.Two candidate genes were predicted to be correlated with fall dormancy and salt response.We believe that the allele-aware chromosome-level genome sequence of Zhongmu-4 combined with the resequencing data of the diverse alfalfa germplasms will facilitate genetic research and genomics-assisted breeding in variety improvement of alfalfa.

Objective: To analyze Internet behaviors of children and adolescents and their influencing factors, and to provide scientific basis for health education guidance and prevention measures. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used. From January to June 2019, 30 955 primary school students in 16 provinces (municipalities), from eastern, central, and western economic zones of China were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey, regarding general demographics, diet and exercise, tobacco, alcohol and sleep, Internet and electronics usage, etc. Results: Among them, 43.1% of students had never been online with girls (44.7%) higher than boys (41.8%)(χ2=21.04, P<0.01); 1.3% of students reported online time for more than 4 hours a day, boys were significantly higher than girls(χ2=15.87, P<0.01); Internet addiction was detected in 2.4% of elementary school students, with boys (3.0%) higher than girls(1.7%)(χ2=331.77, P<0.01), and the trend increases with grade. With sixth grade (3.3%) were significantly higher than children from the first grade (0.8%) and other grades(χ2=163.96, P<0.01). Children’s tendency to Internet addiction was 11.9%, of which boys were 13.0% and girls were 10.6%, boys were significantly higher than girls(χ2=117.66, P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that, after controlling gender age, boarding school, family relationship, single parents and regrouped families, smoking, drinking sugary drinks, eating fried foods, and left-behind were positively related to Intenet addiction(r=0.06, 0.07, 0.27, 0.44, 0.07, 0.11, 0.09, P<0.01), while medium and high intensity sports, effective physical education, health education in school, AIDS education and parental restrictions on TV and computer games, were negatively associated with internet addiction(r=-0.74, -0.65, -0.04, -0.05, -0.63, P<0.01). Conclusion The internet addiction of Chinese primary school students is common and increases by year. High-intensity, high-density sports, effective physical education, and health education could help prevent Internet addiction among children.

Objective:To investigate the specific effect of minimally invasive hard channel intracranial hematoma crush suction flow on patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and to analyze the prognostic factors.Methods:A total of 80 patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage who were treated in Bengbu First Peopl′s hospital from Aug. 2014 to Aug. 2018 were selected, with 52 males and 28 females, aged from 48 to 81 years and averaged (66.07±13.34) years. The prognosis of patients was assessed using the Bathel Index (BI), and the patients were divided into a control group (BI≥ 60 point considered a good prognosis, n=54) and an experimental group (BI<60 point considered a poor prognosis, n=26). Suspicious prognostic factors were formulated, including gender, age, average drainage time, average puncture needle indwelling time, average hospital stay, Glasgow score, time from injury to operation, bleeding volume, cause of disease, bleeding site, postoperative rebleeding to carry out univariate analysis between groups, and incorporate the difference items in univariate analysis into multivariate logistics regression analysis to explore related prognostic factors were compared by single factor analysis, and the difference items in the single factor analysis were included into the multivariate logistics regression analysis for the related prognostic factors exploring. Results:The hemorrhages was successfully cleared in all patients, and the average drainage time was (5.07±1.25) days. Mean needle retention time was (4.84 ± 1.37) d. Mean length of stay time was (15.26±1.44) days. Allpatients completed follow-up after operation. During 1 year of follow-up, 12 patients showed obvious brain atrophy, subdural broadening and effusion. All patients were followed up for 3 years, and their symptoms completely disappeared and their daily living ability recovered. No death was occured during the follow-up. According to the BI assessment results, the scores of 54 patients were ≥60, with an average score of (74.57±4.36). The scores of 26 patients were <60, with an average score of (48.24±5.12). The age, time from injury to operation and amount of blood loss of control group were significantly lower than those of experiment group, and Glasgow scores were significantly higher than those of experiment group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The percentage of patients in control group with infratentorial hemorrhage (14.81%) was significantly lower than that in experiment group (34.62%), and the rate of postoperative re-bleeding (1.85%) was significantly lower than that in experiment group (23.08%), with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Glasgow score was positively correlated with the prognosis of patients ( OR=3.449, P=0.005). The time from injury to operation was negatively correlated with the prognosis ( OR=0.580, P=0.023). Supratente hemorrhage was a protective factor for patient prognosis ( OR=3.813, P=0.024). Postoperative re-bleeding was correlated with the patients ( OR=19.963, P=0.008). A ROC curve was drawn with Glasgow score and the time from injury to operation. Glasgow score was selected as cut-off point at 7.5 point, with sensitivity of 96.30% and specificity of 88.46%. The time from injury to operation was selected as the cut-off point at 8.35 h, with sensitivity of 84.62% and specificity of 92.59%. Conclusion:Minimally invasive hard channel crush suction flow is effective and safe in the treatment of intracranial hematoma. The severity of cerebral hemorrhage, infratentorial hemorrhage and postoperative re-bleeding are prognostic factors.

Objective To assess the efficacy and side effects of intravesical instillation of BCG after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients.Methods The clinical data of patients treated with BCG 120 mg per course induced perfusion or more after TURBT from December 2013 to October 2016 in 18 hospitals of northeast China region,were analyzed retrospectively.The first part,data of 106 patients with moderate,high-risk NMIBC were collected.A total of 83 patients were male,while the other 23 patients were female.The average age was 66.7 years old.The clinical staging were T1 in 86(81.1％) cases,Ta in 20(18.9％) cases and carcinoma in situ in 6 (5.7％) patients.Intravesical instillation of BCG was executed after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor.The incidence rate of recurrence and progression during more than 6 months' follow-up time were observed.Multivariate analyses were done by using logistic analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model with Kaplan-Meier method.The second part,treatment compliance of 276 patients with bladder cancer,including moderate/high-risk NMIBC in 263 cases,moderate/high-risk NMIBC followed with renal pelvis/ureteral carcinoma in 8 cases were and moderate/high-risk NMIBC with renal pelvis/ureteral carcinoma in 5 cases who treated with BCG after the surgeries,were observed.Patients consisted of 211 males and 65 females with average age of 68.3 years.Results With a median follow-up of 12 months,9 (8.5％) patients experienced tumor recurrence and 2 (1.9％) patients were found progression in the first part.The one-year cancer free recurrence rate of the patients was 91.5％.Statistically significant prognostic factors for recurrence identified by multivariable analyses were prior recurrence of the tumors (OR =3.214,95％CI0.804-12.845,P =0.099).In the second port,an incidence rate of adverse effects was 64.1％ (177/276).The Ⅲ/Ⅳ degree complications were occurred in 11 patients and satisfactory outcomes achieved with active treatment.A total of 36 patients withdrawal with the major causes were recurrence and progression of bladder tumor in 12 cases (4.4 ％),9 cases (3.3 ％) with economic reasons and 11 cases (4.0％) with serious complications.Conclusions NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG therapy have approving cancer free recurrence rates and acceptable adverse effects.Prior recurrence may be prognostic factor of recurrence after intravesical BCG therapy.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate estrogen-like effect of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside （TSG） and its effects on the expression of estrogen receptor （ER） in uterus of sexually immature mice. METHODS： Totally 60 sexually immature Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group， positive control group （estradiol valerate， 0.18 mg/kg）， TSG low-dose and high-dose groups （50， 150 mg/kg）， TSG low-dose and high-dose groups+estradiol valerate groups （same dose as medication alone group）. Normal group was given constant volume of water intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine 0.2    mL/10 g， once morning and night， for consecutive 5 d. The uterus index and body weight increase of mice in each group were determined and calculated the next day after the last administration. The contents of serum estrogen （E2， LH， FSH） were determined by ELISA. HE staining was used to observe the morphology characteristics of uterus， and uterine tube diameter and endometrial thickness were detected. The expression of ER（ER-α and ER-β） in uterus was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS： The myometrium of the mice in normal group was parallel and compact， the epithelium of the uterus was columnar， and the expression of ER-α and ER-β was low. The uterine tube diameter， endometrium and epithelium of mice in each administration group increased， thickened or proliferated in varying degrees， and the expression of ER-α and ER-β changed. Compared with normal group， uterus indexes （positive control group， TSG high-dose group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups）， the increase of body weight （positive control group， TSG high-dose groups， TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group）， uterine tube diameter and endometrial thickness （positive control group， TSG low-dose group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups）， the expression of ER-α （positive control group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups） and the expression of ER-β （postive control group， TSG high-dose+estradiol valerate group）were increased significantly， while serum contents of LH （positive control group， TSG high-dose group） and FSH （TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The uterus index， uterine tube diameter， endometrial thickness and the expression in ER-α and ER-β of TSG+estradiol valerate groups， the increase of body weight and serum content of E2 in TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group were significantly higher than same TSG dose alone groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The uterus index， uterine tube diameter， endometrial thickness and the expression of ER-α and ER-β in TSG groups， uterine tube diameter and the expression of ER-β in TSG+estradiol valerate groups， body weight increase of mice in TSG low-dose group were significantly lower than positive control group， while serum content of LH in TSG+estradiol valerate groups were significantly higher than positive control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： TSG can increase uterus indexes and body weight of sexually immature mice to certain extent， regulate estrogen level， increase the diameter of uterine tube and endometrial thickness and up-regulate the expression of ER in the uterus， showing certain estrogen-like effect， which is weaker than that of estradiol valerate. Combined use of them may antagonize the effect of estradiol valerate.

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of peripheral neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) changes in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after receiving argon-helium cryoablation.Methods A total of 33 CRPC patients,who were treated with argon-helium cryoablation at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital,were included in this study.The clinical and pathological data were collected and analyzed.The following factors that might affect the postoperative overall survival (OS) of patients were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis:age,baseline PSA level,hemoglobin,white blood cell count,platelet count,albumin,alkaline phosphatase,NLR,platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR),hormone sensitive time,chemotherapy,bone metastasis,Gleason score,ECOG score,PSA effective rate.Results A total of 33 patients were enrolled in this study,the average age was 69 years (50-82 years) and the median survival time was 28 months (6-55 months).Univariate analysis showed that the baseline PSA level,alkaline phosphatase,NLR,hormone sensitive time,chemotherapy,bone metastases,Gleason score and PSA effective rate were significantly correlated with OS of CRPC patients after receiving cryoablation (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the baseline PSA level (P=0.003),NLR (P=0.009),Gleason score (P＜0.001) were independent predictive factors for OS of CRPC patients after cryoablation therapy.Conclusion NLR can be used as a prognostic predictor for CRPC patients undergoing argon-helium cryoablation,and the increased NLR indicates a poor prognosis.(J Intervent Radiol,2017,26:237-242)

Objective To explore the relationship between serum homocysteine (Hcy) level before coronary angiography(CAG) and contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) after CAG.Methods We included 2264 cases of suspected coronary heart disease from May 2013 to May 2016 and all patients received CAG examination.According to whether CIN has developed or not after CAG, the patients were divided into the non-CIN group (n=2162) and the CIN group (n=102).We analyzed and compared the clinical baseline data, serum Hcy and creatinine (Cr) levels and the estimated glomerular filtration rate between the 2 groups eGFR.Results Patients in the non-CIN group were younger and with less comorbidities of diabetes and chronic kidney disease (all P<0.05).The volume of contrast media consumed in the non-CIN group was less than the CIN group [(122±21)ml vs.(147±24)ml, P=0.012).Hcy level in the non-CIN group (12.81±6.71) μmol/L was lower than that in the CIN group (21.74±11.9)μmol/L before CAG (P<0.05).No significant differences in serum Cr level and eGFR before CAG (P>0.05).At 72 hours after CAG, Cr level of the non-CIN group (69.34±19.54 μmol/L) was lower than that of the CIN group (87.34±21.38) μmol/L (P<0.05).eGFR was higher in the non-CIN group (79.34±19.54)ml/min than that in the CIN group (67.34±21.38)ml/min (P<0.05).Linear regression analysis showed that Hcy level before CAG were positively correlated with Cr level after CAG (r=0.547,P<0.01) and negatively correlated with eGFR after CAG (r=-0.271,P<0.01).Conclusions Hcy level before CAG can be used as one of an effective parameter to predict CIN.

Objective To explore the efficacy of debridement and primary suture for mesh-related infections after tension-free inguinal hernia repair.Methods From January 2007 to December 2013,208 cases with nesh infections following inguinal hernia repairs were treated with debridement in Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,147 cases were treated with primary suture (suture group) and 61 cases were treated with dressing change (open group).Results The mean time of mesh infection was (8.37 ± 6.89) months.The results of bacterial culture in the two groups were similar.First grade healing rate of suture group was 80.95％ (119/147),compared to zero percent in open group.Length of stay [(20.86 ± 7.90) d vs.(31.82 ± 11.50) d,t =3.47,P =0.034] and hospital cost [(3 200 ± 5 800) yuan vs.(26 500 ± 6 600) yuan,t =4.51,P =0.02] in suture group were less than in open group.No patients developed recurrent hernia in suture group compared with one recurrence in open group.Conclusions Debridement and primary suture for mesh-related infections after tension-free inguinal hernia repair could increase the rate of first grade healing,shorten average length of hospital stay and reduce total costs.

Objective To observe the effect of curcumin combined with cisplatin on the proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca?8113 cells,and explore the possible mechanism of their anti?tumor effect in vitro. Methods In this study,the samples were divided into four groups:curcumin,cisplatin,curcumin combined with cisplatin,and control. Detection of rate of inhibition of Tca?8113 cell proliferation was carried out by MTT assay. This was followed by observation of the morphological changes of the nuclei by Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining. Subse?quently,cellular apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry,and expression of Notch1 and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)was examined by Western blotting. Results Results of MTT assay showed that curcumin combined with cisplatin inhibited the proliferation of tongue squamous cell carcinoma to a greater extent than either curcumin or cisplatin alone(P<0.05). Flow cytometry analysis indicated that,unlike curcumin or cisplatin alone,curcumin combined with cisplatin noticeably induced apoptosis(P<0.05). Results of Western blotting revealed that the expres?sion of Notch1 was upregulated,whereas the expression of EGFR was downregulated to a greater extent in the control group than in cells treated with curcumin or cisplatin alone. Unlike curcumin and cisplatin groups,the combined group revealed statistically significant expressions of Notch1 and EGFR(P<0.05). Conclusion Curcumin and cisplatin have a combined effect on inhibition of proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma Tca?8113 cells. The mechanism may be related to upregulation of the Notch1 signaling pathway and downregulation of the EGFR signal?ing pathway.