In 2022， Hainan provincial government launched the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis with the goals of a hepatitis B screening rate of 90%， a diagnostic rate of 90%， and a treatment rate of 80% among people aged 18 years and above by the year 2025， and the main intervention measures include population-based prevention， case screening， antiviral therapy， and health management. As of December 31， 2024， a total of 6.875 million individuals in the general population had been screened for hepatitis B， with a screening rate of 95.6%. A total of 184 710 individuals with positive HBsAg were identified， among whom 156 772 were diagnosed through serological reexamination， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 84.9%. A total of 50 742 patients with chronic hepatitis B were identified， among whom 42 921 had hepatitis B-specific health records established for health management， with a file establishment rate of 84.6%. A total of 31 553 individuals received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 62.2%. A total of 2.503 million individuals at a high risk of hepatitis C were screened， among whom 4 870 tested positive for HCV antibody and 3 858 underwent HCV RNA testing， resulting in a diagnostic rate of 79.2%， and 1 824 individuals with positive HCV RNA were identified， among whom 1 194 received antiviral therapy， with a treatment rate of 65.5%. In addition， 159 301 individuals with negative HBsAg and anti-HBs and an age of 20 — 40 years were inoculated with hepatitis B vaccine free of charge. Through the implementation of the project for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， a large number of hepatitis patients have been identified， treated， and managed in the province within a short period of time， which significantly accelerates the efforts to eliminate the crisis of viral hepatitis.

Alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)is the most important legume forage crop worldwide with high nutritional value and yield.For a long time,the breeding of alfalfa was hampered by lacking reliable information on the autotetraploid genome and molecular markers linked to important agro-nomic traits.We herein reported the de novo assembly of the allele-aware chromosome-level genome of Zhongmu-4,a cultivar widely cultivated in China,and a comprehensive database of genomic variations based on resequencing of 220 germplasms.Approximate 2.74 Gb contigs(N50 of 2.06 Mb),accounting for 88.39％of the estimated genome,were assembled,and 2.56 Gb contigs were anchored to 32 pseudo-chromosomes.A total of 34,922 allelic genes were identified from the allele-aware genome.We observed the expansion of gene families,especially those related to the nitrogen metabolism,and the increase of repetitive elements including transposable elements,which probably resulted in the increase of Zhongmu-4 genome compared with Medicago truncatula.Population structure analysis revealed that the accessions from Asia and South America had rela-tively lower genetic diversity than those from Europe,suggesting that geography may influence alfalfa genetic divergence during local adaption.Genome-wide association studies identified 101 sin-gle nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)associated with 27 agronomic traits.Two candidate genes were predicted to be correlated with fall dormancy and salt response.We believe that the allele-aware chromosome-level genome sequence of Zhongmu-4 combined with the resequencing data of the diverse alfalfa germplasms will facilitate genetic research and genomics-assisted breeding in variety improvement of alfalfa.

In the past, hernia and abdominal wall surgery has been ignored, which may endanger the life of patients due to untimely treatment. In 1997, the concept of tension-free hernia repair was introduced to China. Chinese hernia and abdominal wall surgery entered a new era and developed rapidly. In 2015, scholars in China decided to create our own Hernia Registry. In 2017, Hernia Registry was officially released, and the Chinese Hernia Surgery Alliance was established in the same period. The Chinese Hernia Registry has became the second largest Hernia clinical registry database in the world. Although the follow-up rate needs to be improved, it is possible to have a preliminary understanding and analysis of the incidence of hernia disease in China. There are many difficulties in its application, and it requires the multi-level coordination and long-term commitment. The authors hope that through this work, the diagnosis and treatment of hernia and abdominal wall can be improved, and the ability of communication and cooperation at home and abroad will be enhanced, benefiting the general population of hernia patients.

BACKGROUND: Microglia plays an indispensable role in the pathological process of sleep deprivation (SD). Here, the potential role of microglial CX3C-chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) in modulating the cognition decline during SD was evaluated in terms of microglial neuroinflammation and synaptic pruning. In this study, we aimed to investigat whether the interference in the microglial function by the CX3CR1 knockout affects the CNS's response to SD. METHODS: Middle-aged wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 and CX3CR1-/- mice were either subjected to SD or allowed normal sleep (S) for 8 h to mimic the pathophysiological changes of middle-aged people after staying up all night. After which, behavioral and histological tests were used to explore their different changes. RESULTS: CX3CR1 deficiency prevented SD-induced cognitive impairments, unlike WT groups. Compared with the CX3CR1-/- S group, the CX3CR1-/- SD mice reported a markedly decreased microglia and cellular oncogene fos density in the dentate gyrus (DG), decreased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and decreased microglial phagocytosis-related factors, whereas increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and a significant increase in the density of spines of the DG were also noted. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CX3CR1 deficiency leads to different cerebral behaviors and responses to SD. The inflammation-attenuating activity and the related modification of synaptic pruning are possible mechanism candidates, which indicate CX3CR1 as a candidate therapeutic target for the prevention of the sleep loss-induced cognitive impairments.
Animals ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microglia ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; Sleep Deprivation

Objective: To analyze Internet behaviors of children and adolescents and their influencing factors, and to provide scientific basis for health education guidance and prevention measures. Methods: A stratified cluster sampling method was used. From January to June 2019, 30 955 primary school students in 16 provinces (municipalities), from eastern, central, and western economic zones of China were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey, regarding general demographics, diet and exercise, tobacco, alcohol and sleep, Internet and electronics usage, etc. Results: Among them, 43.1% of students had never been online with girls (44.7%) higher than boys (41.8%)(χ2=21.04, P<0.01); 1.3% of students reported online time for more than 4 hours a day, boys were significantly higher than girls(χ2=15.87, P<0.01); Internet addiction was detected in 2.4% of elementary school students, with boys (3.0%) higher than girls(1.7%)(χ2=331.77, P<0.01), and the trend increases with grade. With sixth grade (3.3%) were significantly higher than children from the first grade (0.8%) and other grades(χ2=163.96, P<0.01). Children’s tendency to Internet addiction was 11.9%, of which boys were 13.0% and girls were 10.6%, boys were significantly higher than girls(χ2=117.66, P<0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that, after controlling gender age, boarding school, family relationship, single parents and regrouped families, smoking, drinking sugary drinks, eating fried foods, and left-behind were positively related to Intenet addiction(r=0.06, 0.07, 0.27, 0.44, 0.07, 0.11, 0.09, P<0.01), while medium and high intensity sports, effective physical education, health education in school, AIDS education and parental restrictions on TV and computer games, were negatively associated with internet addiction(r=-0.74, -0.65, -0.04, -0.05, -0.63, P<0.01). Conclusion The internet addiction of Chinese primary school students is common and increases by year. High-intensity, high-density sports, effective physical education, and health education could help prevent Internet addiction among children.

OBJECTIVE： To investigate estrogen-like effect of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside （TSG） and its effects on the expression of estrogen receptor （ER） in uterus of sexually immature mice. METHODS： Totally 60 sexually immature Kunming mice were randomly divided into normal group， positive control group （estradiol valerate， 0.18 mg/kg）， TSG low-dose and high-dose groups （50， 150 mg/kg）， TSG low-dose and high-dose groups+estradiol valerate groups （same dose as medication alone group）. Normal group was given constant volume of water intragastrically， and administration groups were given relevant medicine 0.2    mL/10 g， once morning and night， for consecutive 5 d. The uterus index and body weight increase of mice in each group were determined and calculated the next day after the last administration. The contents of serum estrogen （E2， LH， FSH） were determined by ELISA. HE staining was used to observe the morphology characteristics of uterus， and uterine tube diameter and endometrial thickness were detected. The expression of ER（ER-α and ER-β） in uterus was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS： The myometrium of the mice in normal group was parallel and compact， the epithelium of the uterus was columnar， and the expression of ER-α and ER-β was low. The uterine tube diameter， endometrium and epithelium of mice in each administration group increased， thickened or proliferated in varying degrees， and the expression of ER-α and ER-β changed. Compared with normal group， uterus indexes （positive control group， TSG high-dose group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups）， the increase of body weight （positive control group， TSG high-dose groups， TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group）， uterine tube diameter and endometrial thickness （positive control group， TSG low-dose group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups）， the expression of ER-α （positive control group， TSG+estradiol valerate groups） and the expression of ER-β （postive control group， TSG high-dose+estradiol valerate group）were increased significantly， while serum contents of LH （positive control group， TSG high-dose group） and FSH （TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The uterus index， uterine tube diameter， endometrial thickness and the expression in ER-α and ER-β of TSG+estradiol valerate groups， the increase of body weight and serum content of E2 in TSG low-dose+estradiol valerate group were significantly higher than same TSG dose alone groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The uterus index， uterine tube diameter， endometrial thickness and the expression of ER-α and ER-β in TSG groups， uterine tube diameter and the expression of ER-β in TSG+estradiol valerate groups， body weight increase of mice in TSG low-dose group were significantly lower than positive control group， while serum content of LH in TSG+estradiol valerate groups were significantly higher than positive control group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： TSG can increase uterus indexes and body weight of sexually immature mice to certain extent， regulate estrogen level， increase the diameter of uterine tube and endometrial thickness and up-regulate the expression of ER in the uterus， showing certain estrogen-like effect， which is weaker than that of estradiol valerate. Combined use of them may antagonize the effect of estradiol valerate.

Hernia is a most common disease requiring surgery.In recent years,the number of newly emerging patients with inguinal hernia is 300-400 million cases per year and surgical amount of tension-free hernia repair surpasses 150 million cases per year in China.However,overall effects of hernia treatment are unsatisfactory and complications such as postoperative infection,chronic pain and hernia recurrence have troubled clinical surgeons and patients.How to improve diagnosis and treatment of hernia and abdominal wall surgery,how to achieve clinical data accumulation with which to evaluate,monitor and normalize medical behavior,how to realize polycentric data sharing,Chinese hernia registry and follow-up system provides effective helps for above mentioned aspects,especially lays a solid foundation for clinical standardization,quality monitoring,scientific research enhancement,ultimately provides mutual rewarding for both patients and clinical surgeons.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate therapeutic efficacy and safety of leosimendan in the treatment of acute left heart failure (ALHF) and its effects on left ventricular function indexes and serum markers.METHODS:A total of 110 patients with acute left ventricular function selected as research objects from No.251 Hospital of PLA during Jan.2014-Dec.2015,and then were divided into control group (53 cases) and observation group (57 cases) according to random number table.Both groups received routine therapy.Control group was additionally given Dopamine hydrochloride injection or Dobutamine hydrochloride injection as cardiotonic on the basis of routine therapy.Observation group was additionally given Levosimendan injection with initial dose of 10 μg/kg+0.9％ Sodium chloride injection 50 mL,ivgtt (10 min),and then with micro pump infusion at the rate of 0.1 g/(kg· min) for continuous 24 h.Both groups were treated for continuous 7 d.Clinical efficacies of 2 groups were observed,and the levels of left ventricular function indexes (PER,PFR,LVEF,LVSF) level,serum marker (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) before and after treatment,the occurrence of ADR was recorded.RESULTS:Two cases were withdrawn from the study due to death (one case in each group).Finally,a total of 108 cases were included,involving 52 cases in control group and 56 cases in observation group.Clinical total response rate of observation group (94.64％) was higher than that of control group (86.54％),but without statistical significance (P＞0.05).Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in left ventricular function indexes or serum markers levels between 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).After treatment,the levels of left ventricular function indexes were improved significantly in 2 groups,and LVEF and LVSF of observation group were significantly higher than those of control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).NT-proBNP and Gal-3 of 2 groups were decreased significantly,and the observation group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance (P＜0.05).No obvious ADR was found in 2 groups during treatment.CONCLUSIONS:Leosimendan in the treatment of ALHF have the similor clinical efficacy with dopamine,but helps to strengthen the left heart pump function,reduce heart failure markers levels with good safety.

Objective To explore the efficacy of debridement and primary suture for mesh-related infections after tension-free inguinal hernia repair.Methods From January 2007 to December 2013,208 cases with nesh infections following inguinal hernia repairs were treated with debridement in Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital,147 cases were treated with primary suture (suture group) and 61 cases were treated with dressing change (open group).Results The mean time of mesh infection was (8.37 ± 6.89) months.The results of bacterial culture in the two groups were similar.First grade healing rate of suture group was 80.95％ (119/147),compared to zero percent in open group.Length of stay [(20.86 ± 7.90) d vs.(31.82 ± 11.50) d,t =3.47,P =0.034] and hospital cost [(3 200 ± 5 800) yuan vs.(26 500 ± 6 600) yuan,t =4.51,P =0.02] in suture group were less than in open group.No patients developed recurrent hernia in suture group compared with one recurrence in open group.Conclusions Debridement and primary suture for mesh-related infections after tension-free inguinal hernia repair could increase the rate of first grade healing,shorten average length of hospital stay and reduce total costs.

Objective To investigate the effects of p38 MAPK inhibitor on glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), taurine amino acid (Tau), glycine (Gly) and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in hippocampus of rats with vascular dementia (VD).Methods Twenty-four healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, VD model group and inhibitor group. VD model was established by permanent ligation of bilateral carotid artery method, and the sham operation group stripping bilateral carotid artery but not ligation. Rats of the inhibitor group were injected p38 MAPK inhibitor SB202190 after the establishment of VD model. Morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memory function of rats. The samples of DG region of hippocampus were collected by microdialysis, and the contents of amino acids were detected. Results The learning and memory abilities were significantly better in sham operation group and p38 MAPK inhibitor group than those of VD model group. The latency time was significantly shorter in p38 MAPK group than that of VD model group. The time of locating the platform quadrant and the number of crossing the original platform were significantly higher in sham operation group and p38 MAPK inhibitor group than those of VD model group (P <0.05). Compared with sham group, the levels of Glu, Gln and Tau were significantly lower, and Gly and GABA were significantly higher, in VD group and p38 MAPK inhibitor group (P<0.05). Compared with VD group, Glu, Gln and Tau were significantly increased, Gly and GABA were significantly decreased in p38 MAPK inhibitor group (P<0.05). Conclusion p38 MAPK inhibitor has protective effect on VD hippocampal injury, which may be related to its ability to inhibit VD-induced abnormal secretion of amino acids and regulate the secretion of various amino acids.