Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

ObjectiveTo analyze the output and efficiency of chronic disease management services for hypertension and diabetes in community health service institutions in Shanghai, to evaluate the allocation and efficiency of chronic disease management resources, and to provide references for improving the efficiency of chronic disease management in Shanghai’s communities. MethodsA total of 73 community health institutions from 15 districts of Shanghai were selected. Based on the chronic disease management resource data of community health institutions in 2019, 2021, and 2023, descriptive methods and the BCC model in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) were used to analyze the resource allocation, service output, and the efficiency of chronic disease management services in community health institutions in Shanghai. ResultsFrom 2019 to 2023, the indicators of resource allocation and service output of community health service institutions in Shanghai all showed upward trends. In terms of service efficiency, the average number of chronic disease patients managed by each health technician decreased from 237 to 231, and the number of patients served per 1 000 working hours decreased from 54 to 44. DEA efficiency analyses showed that the average overall efficiency increased from 0.867 in 2019 to 0.886 in 2021 and then decreased to 0.811 in 2023. The average technical efficiency decreased from 0.901 to 0.847, which was the main reason for the decline in overall efficiency. The average scale efficiency showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, rising from 0.961 in 2019 to 0.977 in 2021 and dropping back to 0.955 in 2023. The number of strong effective districts (overall efficiency=1.000) decreased from 6 in 2019 to 3 in 2023, and the efficiency differences between districts expanded. The range of overall efficiency widened from 0.622‒1.000 to 0.513‒1.000, indicating a decline in overall efficiency and an increase in inter-district heterogeneity. ConclusionFrom 2019 to 2023, the total volume of resource allocation and service output for chronic disease management in community health service institutions in Shanghai increased continuously. However, both the service output efficiency and the overall resource allocation efficiency declined, driven primarily by a decrease in technical efficiency, and accompanied by widening inter‑district disparities.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Dengue virus (DENV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, and to evaluate the necessity of implementing nucleic acid testing (NAT) for blood donors during the rainy season (May-October). Methods: Prior to initiating donor screening, the Xishuangbanna Central Blood Center conducted in-house validation of reagent performance and participated in external quality assessment (EQA) organized by the National Center for Clinical Laboratories (NCCL). During the surveillance period (August-October 2024), a total of 2 919 donor samples were screened using a 6-sample mini-pool NAT strategy. Daily internal quality controls were recorded. Samples that tested positive in pooled screening were deconvoluted and retested in duplicate; only those reactive in both replicate wells were sent to the NCCL for confirmatory testing. At NCCL, samples underwent re-testing using five domestic NAT reagents, as well as serological assays for NS1 antigen and DENV-specific IgG/IgM. Confirmed positive samples were further characterized by serotyping, envelope (E) gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method. Results: The DENV NAT reagent demonstrated consistent detection of 40 copies/mL controls in individual donor (ID)-NAT test (mean CT: 35.61±0.40). During the 63-day quality control monitoring, DENV detection remained stable (mean CT: 22.53±0.72). The center achieved full marks in EQA assessments for 2023 and 2024. Three reactive pools were identified in initial screening, and subsequent individual testing confirmed three DENV RNA-positive donors (sample numbers: 2401, 2402, and 2403). The confirmatory test results from NCCL were: all five NAT platforms consistently detected DENV RNA in the three samples; for serological tests, 2 samples (2402, 2403) were positive for NS1 antigen, while all three samples were negative for both IgG and IgM antibodies. DENV serotyping reagents identified DENV-2 in all cases, which were further confirmed as DENV-2 Genotype Ⅱ-Cosmopolitan by E gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that samples 2401 and 2402 clustered with Southeast Asian strains (Thailand/MZ636802.1, Laos/PQ775621.1), while sample 2403 closely matched a previously reported local Yunnan strain (PV544686.1). Conclusion: DENV-2 infection was detected among blood donors in Xishuangbanna during the rainy season, indicating concurrent risks of imported and local transmission. We recommend implementing pooled NAT screening for blood donors in high-risk areas during dengue epidemic seasons, along with strengthened laboratory quality control, to enhance blood safety.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT)combined with ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection(CSI)for the treatment of primary frozen shoulder(PFS).Methods Ninety-nine patients with PFS who visited the pain department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between April 2024 and July 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups according to the randomized number table method:ESWT group(T group),CSI group(I group),and combined treatment group(TI group),with 33 patients in each group.Visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,shoulder range of motion(SROM),and Constant-Murley shoulder scores(CMS)were recorded before treatment and at 1,4,8,and 12 weeks post-treatment.Additionally,the patients'Ascens Insomnia Scale(AIS)scores were recorded before treatment and 1 month after treatment.The occurrence of adverse effects and the use of remedial medications during the treatment period were also documented.Results Compared with pre-treatment,VAS scores decreased,and SROM and CM scores improved at all time points after treatment in all three groups(P<0.05).AIS scores also decreased in all three groups at 1 month post-treatment(all P<0.05).Intergroup comparisons revealed that the TI group exhibited signifi-cantly lower VAS pain scores,greater SROM(forward flexion and backward extension),and higher CM scores at 4,8,and 12 weeks post-treatment compared to the T and I groups(Bonferroni-corrected P<0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed between the T and I groups for these measures(Bonferroni-corrected P>0.05).Additionally,there were no statistically significant differences in AIS scores or adverse effects occurrence among the three groups at 1 month post-treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion The combined treatment demonstrated greater efficacy compared to trigger point extracorporeal shock wave therapy alone and periapical steroid injection alone,resulting in significant improvement in the patient's clinical symptoms and quality of life.

Objective:To compare the efficacies of endovascular therapy (EVT) and standard medical therapy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients aged ≥85 years, and analyze the independent influencing factors for poor prognosis of AIS patients after EVT.Methods:Sixty-nine AIS patients aged ≥85 years admitted to Department of Neurology, Xi'an Third Hospital from January 2018 to April 2024, including 40 accepted EVT and 28 accepted standard medicinal therapy, were enrolled. Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the prognosis of the patients 90 days after onset. General data, prognosis and complications between the EVT group and standard medical therapy group were compared. General data, treatment processes and complications between patients with good prognosis and poor prognosis in the EVT group were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent influencing factors for poor prognosis in AIS patients after EVT.Results:Compared with the standard medical therapy, the EVT group had significantly lower NIHSS score at discharge, greater improvement in NIHSS score (NIHSS score at admission-NIHSS score at discharge), lower mRS score 90 days after onset, higher good prognosis rate, lower mortality rate within 90 days of onset, and longer hospital stay ( P<0.05). In the EVT group, 11 patients (27.5%) had good prognosis and 29 patients (72.5%) had poor prognosis 90 days after onset. Compared with the good prognosis group, the poor prognosis group had significantly higher blood glucose level and lower Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECT) on admission ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that blood glucose on admission ( OR=2.363, 95% CI: 1.134-4.928, P=0.022) and ASPECT score on admission ( OR=0.273, 95% CI: 0.088-0.854, P=0.026) were independent influencing factors for poor prognosis in AIS patients after EVT. Conclusion:AIS patients aged ≥85 years received EVT have better prognosis compared with those accepted standard medical therapy; these patients with high glucose level and low ASPECT score on admission have poor prognosis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy(ESWT)combined with ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injection(CSI)for the treatment of primary frozen shoulder(PFS).Methods Ninety-nine patients with PFS who visited the pain department of the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University between April 2024 and July 2024 were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups according to the randomized number table method:ESWT group(T group),CSI group(I group),and combined treatment group(TI group),with 33 patients in each group.Visual analogue scale(VAS)scores,shoulder range of motion(SROM),and Constant-Murley shoulder scores(CMS)were recorded before treatment and at 1,4,8,and 12 weeks post-treatment.Additionally,the patients'Ascens Insomnia Scale(AIS)scores were recorded before treatment and 1 month after treatment.The occurrence of adverse effects and the use of remedial medications during the treatment period were also documented.Results Compared with pre-treatment,VAS scores decreased,and SROM and CM scores improved at all time points after treatment in all three groups(P<0.05).AIS scores also decreased in all three groups at 1 month post-treatment(all P<0.05).Intergroup comparisons revealed that the TI group exhibited signifi-cantly lower VAS pain scores,greater SROM(forward flexion and backward extension),and higher CM scores at 4,8,and 12 weeks post-treatment compared to the T and I groups(Bonferroni-corrected P<0.05).No statistically significant differences were observed between the T and I groups for these measures(Bonferroni-corrected P>0.05).Additionally,there were no statistically significant differences in AIS scores or adverse effects occurrence among the three groups at 1 month post-treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion The combined treatment demonstrated greater efficacy compared to trigger point extracorporeal shock wave therapy alone and periapical steroid injection alone,resulting in significant improvement in the patient's clinical symptoms and quality of life.

Objective To analyze the current status and emerging technology trends in domestic medical drainage tube patents,so as to explore possible factors for low patent conversion rates.Methods Patents associated with"drainage tube","medical drainage tube","surgical drainage tube"and related terms were retrieved from the National Intellectual Property Administration Database and the Innojoy Patent Search Engine,covering the period from 2010 to 2020.Screening and visual analysis were conducted using Excel and SPSS 27.0.Results A total of 2 895 relevant patents were identified,comprising 2 489 utility model patents,367 invention patents and 39 design patents.The number of patent applications demonstrated a year-on-year growth trend,with a higher concentration in eastern coastal regions and provinces housing numerous top-tier hospitals and medical institutions.Approximately 49.26％of the patents filed by individuals were affiliated with hospitals,universities,or enterprises.Innovation hotspots included the design,functionality,performance,and safety aspects of drainage tubes and probes.Of the patents,72.61％were invalid,and 61.73％had a survival period of three years or less.Only 5.15％were commercially utilized through transfers,pledges,or licensing.Conclusion Domestic patent applications for medical drainage tubes have seen rapid growth,with a focus on enhancing tube structures such as sleeves,balloons,drainage holes,and threaded designs.However,the unsatisfactory situation of patent conversion and operation have been mainly limited by factors such as weak core technology of patents,insufficient awareness of achievements conversion,poor operation of patent conversion mechanism,insufficient market promotion,and insufficient integration of industry,academia,and research.To address this issue,enhancing intellectual property protection,revitalizing valid patents,and expanding transformation channels would benefit patients and facilitate hospitals'high-quality development,injecting new vitality into the health industry.

Objective To evaluate and summarise the best evidence on non-pharmacological preventive measures for lower limb lymphedema in patients with gynecologic malignancy so as to provide an evidence-based guidance for prevention of lower limb lymphedema.Methods Systematic searches were conducted from inception to 31th January,2024 on databases of UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE),the Oncology Nursing Society(ONS),Guidelines International Network(GIN),China Guideline Clearinghouse,Medlive,National Comprehensive Cancer Network(NCCN),Registered Nurses Association of Ontario(RNAO),American Society of Clinical Oncology(ASCO),European Society for Medical Oncology(ESMO),Cancer Australia(CA),National Lymphedema Network(NLN),Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN),Lymphedema Support Network(LSN),International Society of Lymphology(ISL),International Society of Nurses in Cancer Care,Lymphedema Association of Ontario,Lymphoedema United,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,PubMed,Scopus,OVID,Embase,CINAHL,VIP,Wangfang Data,CNKI and SinoMed for the relevant evidence in non-pharmacological preventive measures for lower limb lymphedema in patients with gynecological malignancy.Two researchers evaluated the quality of clinical decisions,expert consensus,systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials,while four investigators assessed the quality of the guidelines.Another two researchers performed data extraction and evidence summary.Results A total of 17 articles were included,comprising two clinical decisions,two guidelines,two systematic reviews,seven expert consensuses,one evidence summary,three randomised controlled trials.A total of 32 pieces of evidence were summarised across eight dimensions:prevention timing,evaluation element,general self-care,skin care,manual lymphatic drainage,compression therapy,exercise and health education.Conclusion This study provides an evidence-based guidance for prevention of lower limb lymphedema in patients with gynecological malignancy.Healthcare professionals should apply the best evidences based on the conditions,preferences,resource allocation,and other factors of the patients,to reduce limb lymphedema and improve the quality of life of the patients.

Aim To investigate the intervention effect of Rehmannia radix water extract on bleomycin(BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice combined with metabolomics and to reveal the potential mechanism,in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of pul-monary fibrosis.Methods Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into the control group,model group,pirfenidone group(positive control,PFD,270 mg·kg-1),and low dose(DH-L,4.55 g·kg-1)group,medium dose(DH-M,9.1 g·kg-1)group and high dose(DH-H,18.2 g·kg-1)group of Rehman-nia.Except for the control group,BLM(5 mg·kg-1)was instilled into the trachea to establish the model of pulmonary fibrosis in the other groups.The survival rate,lung index and blood oxygen saturation of mice in each group were evaluated.HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.WBP was used to detect lung function.Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of primary lung cells,ROS and immune cells.ELISA was used to detect the levels of fibrosis markers and inflammatory factors(α-SMA,collagen Ⅰ,collagen Ⅲ,TGF-β1,TNF-α,IL-1 β,and IL-6).Biochemical method was employed to detect the contents of GSH-Px,T-SOD and MDA.Liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer(LC-MS)metabolomics was used to analyze the changes of serum metabolic profile.Results Water extract of Re-hmannia significantly increased the survival rate,oxy-gen saturation and lung function of mice with pulmona-ry fibrosis,reduced the lung coefficient,ameliorated pathological damage and collagen deposition in lung tissue,reduced the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress,and down-regulated the levels of inflammatory factors in lung tissue.It regulated the levels of metabo-lites such as bile acid metabolism,sphingolipid metabo-lism,and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism.Conclu-sions Water extract of Rehmannia inhibits lung injury and collagen deposition in mice with pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting inflammatory response,which may be a-chieved by regulating the levels of inflammatory factors through the metabolic pathways of bile acid and sphin-golipid.