Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global metabolic disease with potentially life- threatening complications. Liver metabolism plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus. It has been reported that the Chinese medicinal Anemarrhenae rhizoma (AR) can relieve insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. However, the effect on abnormal liver metabolism in diabetes mellitus is still unclear. Therefore, we extracted liver proteins of T2DM rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ), T2DM rats treated with AR extract (ARE), obesity rats (fed with HFD), and normal control rats (fed with normal diet). Then, through tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling combined with mass spectrometry (MS), we obtained the quantitative proteomic data. Bioinformatics software was used for hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis of the data in each group. The volcano map for differentially expressed proteins (P < 0.05, fold change > 1.5) was plotted. It was found that the treatment group was closer to the normal control group, indicating that the quantitative proteomic data of liver tissue can reflect the therapeutic effect of ARE on T2DM rats. Key protein clusters closely related to the treatment of ARE were screened out. The Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of the protein clusters were analyzed by David, and the result showed that AR's alleviation of abnormal fatty acid metabolism in livers of T2DM rats may be related to the regulation of the expression of key proteins Ndufa6 and Prkar2b.
Rats ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism* ; Proteomics/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Anemarrhena ; Liver/metabolism*

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty is technically feasible for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction although it is still challenged by its technical difficulty and time-consuming. In this study, we compared the initial results of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty versus a combined laparoscopic dissection and open reconstruction through a small incision in the treatment of UPJ obstruction.

METHODSSixty-four patients with primary UPJ obstruction underwent pyeloplasty: 32 patients underwent laparoscopic procedure and 32 patients underwent open assisted laparoscopic surgery including two steps, ie, laparoscopic dissection of the UPJ transperitoneally and then pyeloplasty via an extended small incision. The demographic data and intraoperative, postoperative and follow-up conditions of patients were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSPreoperative data were comparable in the patients of the two groups. The operative time was shorter (60.9 minutes vs 157.7 minutes, P < 0.0001) and the complication rate was lower (9.4% vs 31.3%, P < 0.05) in the open assisted group than in the laparoscopic group. The estimated blood loss (42.3 ml vs 47.8 ml), time to have normal diet (37.6 hours vs 33.8 hours), and hospital stay (6.7 days vs 6.2 days) were equivalent. The operative success rate was 97% for the open assisted group and 91% for the laparoscopic group.

CONCLUSIONSThe procedure of combined small incision with laparoscopy for UPJ obstruction is technically easy, and the results are promising. It can be used as an alternative to conventional procedures.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Ureteral Obstruction ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures

Objective To investigate the disease spectrum of Army Aviation helicopter pilots and provide suggestions to aeromedical service. Methods Cases of 516 helicopter pilots, who were in annual physical examination, were randomly sampled and divided into 3 groups by age. Process included reviewing diagnosis history, analyzing spectrum of disease and its distribution by age, as well as the prevalence of common diseases. Rank Sum Ratio was employed for comparing the distribution of common diseases in different age group. Results ① The top 10 diseases in helicopter pilots of the Army Aviation in 2006 were fatty liver (9.88%), hyperlipidemia (6.98%), gallbladder polypus (3.49%), lumbar disc herniation(2.33%), sinus bradycardia (2.33%), gall-stone(2.13%), chronic gastritis (1.74%), kidney cyst (1.55%), calcify of liver (1.36%) and hypertension (1.16%). ② The prevalence of fatty liver in each group was respectively 2.13%, 9. 29% and 45.59%, which was at a relative higher level The prevalence of fatty liver, chronic gastritis, hyperlipidemia, gallbladder polypus, calcify of liver, hypertension and diabetes was significantly different from each age group. ③ The WR of 3 age groups was 0.7486 and it showed a good concordance of common diagnoses in each age group (χ~2=17.97, P<0.05). Conclusions ①The common diseases of helicopter pilot of Army Aviation are prevalent as common as those of Chinese Air Force pilot on the whole. Compared to more frequent prevalence in other military pilots, no nero-related diseases appeared in the top 10 of helicopter pilots. ② The prevalence of fatty liver and hyperlipidemia increases rapidly with age. The accumulative effect of nosogenesis may exist and result in the diseases of lumber, back, neck and shoulder. ③ Rank Sum Ratio is an effective indication for comparing the concordance of common diagnoses in different group.

Objective To investigate the disease spectrum of Army Aviation helicopter pilots and provide suggestions to aeromedical service. Methods Cases of 516 helicopter pilots, who were in annual physical examination, were randomly sampled and divided into 3 groups by age. Process included reviewing diagnosis history, analyzing spectrum of disease and its distribution by age, as well as the prevalence of common diseases. Rank Sum Ratio was employed for comparing the distribution of common diseases in different age group. Results ① The top 10 diseases in helicopter pilots of the Army Aviation in 2006 were fatty liver (9.88%), hyperlipidemia (6.98%), gallbladder polypus (3.49%), lumbar disc herniation(2.33%), sinus bradycardia (2.33%), gall-stone(2.13%), chronic gastritis (1.74%), kidney cyst (1.55%), calcify of liver (1.36%) and hypertension (1.16%). ② The prevalence of fatty liver in each group was respectively 2.13%, 9. 29% and 45.59%, which was at a relative higher level The prevalence of fatty liver, chronic gastritis, hyperlipidemia, gallbladder polypus, calcify of liver, hypertension and diabetes was significantly different from each age group. ③ The WR of 3 age groups was 0.7486 and it showed a good concordance of common diagnoses in each age group (χ~2=17.97, P<0.05). Conclusions ①The common diseases of helicopter pilot of Army Aviation are prevalent as common as those of Chinese Air Force pilot on the whole. Compared to more frequent prevalence in other military pilots, no nero-related diseases appeared in the top 10 of helicopter pilots. ② The prevalence of fatty liver and hyperlipidemia increases rapidly with age. The accumulative effect of nosogenesis may exist and result in the diseases of lumber, back, neck and shoulder. ③ Rank Sum Ratio is an effective indication for comparing the concordance of common diagnoses in different group.

OBJECTIVETo report initial experience with laparoscopic radical cystectomy in 43 patients with invasive bladder carcinoma.

METHODSFrom December 2003 to October 2006, 29 men and 14 women underwent laparoscopic radical cystectomy with extracorporeal-assisted urinary diversion for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (n=40), adenocarcinoma (n=2) and squamous cell arcinoma (n=1). We report the specific technical details and present initial results of our series.

RESULTSThe mean operative time of laparoscopic radical cystectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection was 195.4 min, the mean blood loss 273.7 ml, and the transfusion rate 6.9%. Two procedures converted to open techniques. Lymphadenectomy detected lymph node metastasis in three patients.

CONCLUSIONSWe demonstrate that the combination of laparoscopic radical cystectomy and extracorporeal urinary diversion is possible and remains a safe, feasible, and repeatable surgical technique. The laparoscopic surgery with extracorporeal urinary reconstruction is emerging as a viable alternative to open radical cystectomy while characterized by less trauma, short recovery time and low complications. Intermediate oncologic outcomes are encouraging and comparable to those of open series. To determine the oncologic outcome long-time follow-up will be necessary.

Aged ; Cystectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery ; Urinary Diversion ; methods

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of 70 degrees recumbent position transperitoneal laparoscopy for treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).

METHODSFrom May 2004 to January 2007, 70 degrees recumbent position transperitoneal laparoscopy combined with urethral resectoscope was used to treat 31 cases of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma. At the same time titanium clip to occlude the two extremities of ureter tumor was used, extracting specimen by oblique incision of lower quadrant.

RESULTSAll operations were finished successfully, no one was turned to open surgery; mean operation time was 140 min, mean blood loss 80 ml, mean hospital stay time 8 d, without complications of urine leakage and intestinal fistula and so on.

CONCLUSIONS70 degrees recumbent position transperitoneal laparoscopy for resection of whole kidney and ureter is worth of general clinical application because it could provide large space for operation, simplify the treatment of renal pedicle vessels, decrease operation risk, reduce operation trauma and offer early recovery. But its effect on tumor spread and recurrence will still need long term follow-up.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Posture ; Treatment Outcome ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; surgery ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; surgery

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods ; Retroperitoneal Space ; surgery

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; methods

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with less trauma than open surgery is commonly performed for ureteropelvic junction obstruction despite a longer operating time and a long learning curve. We describe in this paper a new technique, which combines laparoscopic and open procedure in dismembered pyeloplasty, that we have developed in 51 patients and achieved excellent results.

METHODSThe surgical procedure can be divided into two steps: laparoscopic dissection of the renal pelvis and proximal ureter transperitoneally; then accomplishing the pyeloplasty through the extended port incision above the ureteropelvic junction as in open surgery.

RESULTSAll 51 operations were successful without conversion to open surgery. No intraoperative complications were observed. The operating time was 40 minutes to 90 minutes with an average of 57.5 minutes. The estimated blood loss was 15 ml to 30 ml with an average of 21.2 ml. Aberrant artery vessel and primary stricture as the cause of ureteropelvic junction obstruction was noted in 2 and 49 patients, respectively. Thirty-nine patients had fever to differing extents in the 4 days postoperation and no severe infection was observed. Four patients had urinary leakage with their drains being retained for 6 days, 6 days, 5 days or 8 days after the operation. The mean followup was 10.8 months (range 3 months to 36 months). The followup showed good results with symptom resolution in all the patients. Renal ultrasonography demonstrated that the average separation of the collecting systems decreased from preoperative 2.7 cm (range 2.0 cm to 4.7 cm) to postoperative 1.5 cm (range 1.0 cm to 2.3 cm). Excretory urography at 3 months postoperatively showed improved drainage. Of the 51 patients, 35 underwent two or more excretory urograms, demonstrating stable renal function, improved drainage and no evidence of recurrent obstruction. At the last followup visit, each patient was doing well.

CONCLUSIONSCombination of laparoscopic and open procedure in dismembered pyeloplasty offers a simpler, timesaving method in a minimally invasive fashion with low morbidity for patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Ensuring quality of repair, the method provides a minimally invasive alternative with good results. It is worth future clinical application.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ureteral Obstruction ; surgery ; Urologic Surgical Procedures ; methods

OBJECTIVETo discuss the clinical experience of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by extraperitoneal approach.

METHODSFive patients with localized prostate cancer underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy by extraperitoneal approach. The surgical procedure included the excision of the prostate, seminal vesicles, ampulla ductus deferentis and part of the bladder neck, followed by urethrovesical anastomosis.

RESULTSAll the operations were successful. The mean operation time was 350 minutes (ranging from 270 to 420 mm); the mean estimated blood loss was 480 ml (ranging from 250 to 600 ml). The bowel activity was recovered with 48 hours after surgery. The patients were ambulant between the 2nd and 3rd postoperative days. The mean hospital stay was 8. 5 days (ranging from 7 to 12 days). The 3-8 months follow-up found no incontinence of urine; of the 3 preoperatively potent patients, 2 were able to have sexual intercourse; strictured stoma was reported in only 1 case.

CONCLUSIONThe extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, keeping the procedure out of the peritoneal cavity, with small incision and rapid recovery, may be considered as a promising surgical method for patients with localized prostate cancer.

Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatectomy ; methods ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Seminal Vesicles ; surgery ; Seminiferous Tubules ; surgery