Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

ObjectiveToll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， a receptor for pathogen-associated molecular patterns of innate immunity， is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Interleukin （IL）-6， IL-1β， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） as common pro-inflammatory cytokines and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP） are related to inflammatory responses. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy and possible mechanisms of therapeutic effects of Fengyintang on early and mid-stage PD with excessive heat generating wind by observing the effects of Fengyintang on the serum levels of TLR4， IL-6， IL-1β， TNF-α， and hs-CRP in the patients with PD. MethodsSixty-eight PD patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into the control group and the observation group （n=34）. Both groups were treated with anti-PD Western medicine and the observation group was additionally treated with Fengyintang. Both groups were treated for 8 weeks. Before and after 8 weeks of treatment， the patients in the two groups were measured for their TCM symptom scores， International Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale （MDS-UPDRS） score， Parkinson's Disease Non-Motor Symptom Scale （NMSS） score， Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptom （PAC-SYM） score， Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI）， Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA） score， Hamilton Depression Scale （HAMD） score， and changes in serum TLR4， IL-6， IL-1β， TNF-α， and hs-CRP levels. ResultsOne case in the control group was removed due to loss of visit， and a total of 67 PD patients （33 in the control group and 34 in the observation group） who met the criteria were included for analysis. After treatment， patients in the observation group showed decreases in scores of TCM symptoms， MDS-UPDRS， NMSS， PAC-SYM， PSQI， HAMA， and HAMD （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， the observation group had lower scores of TCM symptoms， MDS-UPDRS， NMSS， PAC-SYM， PSQI， HAMA， and HAMD than the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The observation group showed higher efficacy in terms of TCM symptoms and MDS-UPDRS score than the control group （Z=-0.57， P<0.05）. The overall response rate was higher in the observation group than in the control group （Z=-0.62， P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum TLR4， TNF-α， IL-1β， IL-6， and hs-CRP levels of the observation group were lower than those of the control group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionFengyintang combined with Western medicine can safely and effectively alleviate the clinical symptoms， reduce the levels of inflammatory factors， improve the quality of life， and delay the disease progression of PD patients by inhibiting peripheral TLR4 expression and thus suppressing the downstream inflammatory response.

Objective To investigate the effect of miR-373-3p in diabetic retinopathy(DR),as well as the underlying mechanisms.Methods Serum samples from 35 DR patients and 35 non-DR patients visiting Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were collected,and expression levels of miR-373-3p and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)mRNA were detected using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).An in vitro DR model was constructed using high glucose(HG)-treated human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMEC).HRMECs were divided into control group(5 mmol/L glucose and 25 mmol/L mannitol treatment),HG group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment),HG+miR-373-3p mimic-negative control(miR-con)group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment after transfection with miR-con),HG+miR-373-3p mimic group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment after transfection with miR-373-3p),HG+miR-373-3p+vector group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment after co-transfection with miR-373-3p and vector),and HG+miR-373-3p+vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)group(30 mmol/L glucose treatment after co-transfection with miR-373-3p and VEGFA).The expression levels of miR-373-3p,VEGFA mRNA and protein were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blotting.CCK-8,immunofluorescence,Transwell assay,angiogenesis assay,and Western blotting were used to evaluate HRMEC proliferation,migration and angiogenesis abilities.The relationship between miR-373-3p and VEGFA was determined by dual luciferase reporter assay.Results Compared with non-DR patients,DR patients exhibited significantly lower expression levels of miR-373-3p(P＜0.05)and higher expression levels of VEGFA mRNA(P＜0.05)in serum.Compared with control group,HG group showed decreased expression of miR-373-3p(P＜0.05),increased expressions of the mRNA and protein of VEGFA(P＜0.05),higher cell viability,proliferation rate,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Cylin D1 protein,and numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability(P＜0.05)in HRMECs.Compared with HG+miR-con group,HG+miR-373-3p group showed increased expression of miR-373-3p(P＜0.05),decreased expressions of VEGFA(P＜0.05),lower cell viability,proliferation rate,PCNA and Cylin D1 protein(P＜0.05),and lower numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability(P＜0.05)in HRMECs.Compared with HG+miR-373-3p+vector group,HG+miR-373-3p+VEGFA group showed increased expression of VEGFA(P＜0.05),higher cell viability,proliferation rate,PCNA and Cylin D1 protein,and numbers of migrating cells and angiogenesis ability(P＜0.05)in HRMECs.The results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed decreased enzymatic activity of luciferase after cotransfection of miR-373-3p and VEGFA sequence(P＜0.05).Conclusion MiR-373-3p is lowly expressed in the serum of DR patients,and its potential mechanism may involve targeting VEGFA to inhibit HG-induced HRMEC dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the effect of farrerol on pyroptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)in lens epithelial cells through regulating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.Methods Thirty-six neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,cataract group(20 μmol/kg sodium selenite),farrerol low dose,medium dose and high dose groups(10,20,40 mg/kg farrerol)and positive control group(benzyda lysine eye drops).Lens turbidity was observed by slit-lamp and scored,and pathological changes of lens were observed by HE staining.Human lens epithelial cells were cultured and divided into control group,model group,low concentration farrerol group(20 mg/L),high concentration farrerol group(40 mg/L),high concentration farrerol+R08191 group(40 mg/L+10 μmol/L),except the control group,other groups were induced by H2O2.The cell activity was detected by CCK-8 method;the concentrations of interleukin(IL-1 β)and IL-18 in cell culture medium were measured by ELISA;inverted phase contrast microscope was used to observe the cell scorch in each group;The expression of N-terminal fragment of GSDMD(GSDMD-N)protein was detected by immunofluorescent staining;the content of reactive ozygen species(ROS)was measured by flow cytometry;the expressions of latent heat protein(NLRP3),apoptosis-associate speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),Caspase-1,GSDMD-N,JAK2/STAT3 pathway proteins were detected by Western blotting.Results In cataract rats,the lens epithelial cells were disorderly and loosely arranged,the lens fibrosis/liquefaction,and the lens turbidity score increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the cataract group,the lens damage and the lens turbidity score decreased in the low,medium and farrerol high dose group and the positive control group(P＜0.05),and the effect of the farrerol high dose group was the best,which was basically consistent with the positive control group.The cells in the control group were closely connected and arranged in order,without scorched cells;in the model group,the cells were swollen and had typical charring characteristics of bubble like protrusion;Compared with the model group,the cell bubble protrusion in the low concentration farrerol group and the high concentration farrerol group was alleviated;Compared with the high concentration farrerol group,the cell bubble protrusion in the high concentration farrerol+R08191 group was aggravated.Compared with the control group,the cell survival rate in model group was decreased,the levels of IL-18 and IL-1 β in supernatant,the number of GSDMD-N positive cells,the level of ROS,the expression of NLPR3,ASC,Caspase-1,GSDMD-N protein,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3 were increased(P＜0.05);Compared with the model group,the cell survival rate in the low concentration farrerol group and the high concentration farrerol group was increased,the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in supernatant,the number of GSDMD-N positive cells,the level of ROS,the expression of NLPR3,ASC,Caspase-1,GSDMD-N protein,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3 were decreased(P＜0.05);compared with the high concentration farrerol group,the cell survival rate in the high concentration farrerol+R08191 group was decreased,the levels of IL-18 and IL-1 β in supernatant,the number of GSDMD-N positive cells,the level of ROS,the expression of NLPR3,ASC,Caspase-1,GSDMD-N protein,p-JAK2/JAK2,p-STAT3/STAT3 signaling were increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Farrerol may inhibit H2O2-induced pyroptosis of lens epithelial cells by inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

China is facing the double burden of high incidence of lung cancer and tuberculosis epidemic. Lung cancer combined with tuberculosis has a high incidence and complexity in clinical practice. High-risk groups include immunocompromised people, long-term smokers and people with a history of tuberculosis. The coexistence of the two diseases not only increases the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment decision-making, but also increases the risk of treatment-related adverse reactions and drug interactions. The guideline was developed by Committee of Integrated Rehabilitation for Lung Cancer, Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Chinese and Western Integrated Lung Cancer Committee of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association; Society of Tuberculosis, Chinese Medical Association, aiming to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis. The guideline emphasizes the core position of combined diagnosis of multimodal imaging, etiology and pathology. It is proposed that anti-tuberculosis and anti-tumor treatment should be coordinated under the framework of multidisciplinary team, and drug interactions and timing optimization should be paid attention to. For surgical treatment, minimally invasive resection combined with systematic lymph node dissection is recommended after infection control. Systemic therapy requires individualized risk stratification and dynamic monitoring of efficacy and adverse reactions. Based on evidence-based medicine and Chinese clinical practice, combined with the accessibility of drugs and technologies, this guideline proposes a whole-process management pathway covering screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up, in order to improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients.

Objective To explore the bioactive components in Jiawei Xiaoyao Pills(JWXYP)and their mechanisms for alleviating depression-like behaviors.Methods The active compounds,key targets,and pathways of JWXYP were identified using TCMSP and TCMIP databases.Thirty-six SD rats were randomized equally into 6 groups including a control group and 5 chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)-induced depression groups.After modeling,the 5 model groups were treated with daily gavage of normal saline,1.8 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride(positive control drug),or JWXYP at 1.44,2.88,and 4.32 g/kg.The depression-like behaviors of the rats were evaluated using behavioral tests,and pathological changes in the liver and hippocampus were examined with HE staining.The biochemical indicators in the serum and brain tissues were detected using ELISA.Serum metabolomics analysis was performed to identify the differential metabolites using OPLS-DA,and gut microbiota changes were analyzed using 16S rDNA sequencing.Results Network pharmacology revealed that menthone and paeonol in JWXYP were capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier to regulate inflammatory pathways and protect the nervous system.In the rat models subjected to CUMS,treatment with JWXYP significantly improved body weight loss,sucrose preference and open field activities,reduced liver inflammation,alleviated structural changes in the hippocampal neurons,decreased serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6 and LBP,and increased 5-HT and VIP concentrations in the serum and brain tissue,and these effects were the most pronounced in the high-dose group.Metabolomics analysis showed changes in such metabolites as indole-3-acetamide and acetyl-L-carnitine in JWXYP-treated rats,involving the pathways for bile acid biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism.16S rDNA analysis demonstrated increased gut microbiota diversity and increased abundance of Lactobacillus species in JWXYP-treated rats.Conclusion JWXYP alleviates depression-like symptoms in rats by regulating the neurotransmitters,inhibiting inflammation and oxidation,and modulating gut microbiota.

Ischemic heart disease(IHD)is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates.Reperfusion therapy is the best treatment option for this condition.However,reperfusion can aggravate myocardial damage through a phenomenon known as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)injury,which has recently gained the attention of researchers.Several studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicines and their natural monomeric components exert therapeutic effects against I/R injury.This review outlines the current knowledge on the pathological mechanisms through which mitochondria participate in I/R injury,focusing on the issues related to energy metabolism,mitochondrial quality control disorders,oxidative stress,and calcium.The mechanisms by which mitochondria mediate cell death have also been discussed.To develop a resource for the prevention and management of clinical myocardial I/R damage,we compiled the most recent research on the effects of Chinese herbal remedies and their monomer components.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of Ilizarov ring external fixation and unilateral rail external fixation in the treatment of infected bone defects following surgery for tibial fractures.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 50 patients with infected bone defects after surgery for tibial fractures, who were admitted to the 940th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the PLA from August 2019 to November 2021, including 37 males and 13 females, aged 19-59 years [(42.2±8.8)years]. After debridement and osteotomy, 28 patients were treated with Ilizarov ring external fixation (Ilizarov group) and 22 with unilateral rail external fixation (unilateral fixation group). All the patients in the two groups had previously undergone internal fixation with plates or Kirschner wires for tibial fracture before bone transport. Bone transport started at one week for three stages after successful infection control and osteotomy and was conducted. The following parameters were compared between the two groups: frame-wearing time and healing index after bone transport, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) grade at 6 months after bone transport, Paley score and Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) score at the last follow-up, Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score and Baird-Jackson ankle score on admission, after external fixator removal and at the last follow-up, and incidence of postoperative complications.Results:All the patients were followed up for 28-36 months [(32.5±1.6)months]. There were no significant differences in frame-wearing time or healing index between the two groups after bone transport ( P>0.05). At 6 months after bone transport, the SAS grade in the unilateral fixation group (13 patients with mild anxiety, 8 with moderate anxiety, and 1 with severe anxiety) was better than that in the Ilizarov group (6 patients with mild anxiety, 19 with moderate anxiety, 3 with severe anxiety) ( P<0.01). No significant differences were found in the Paley score or ASAMI score between the two groups at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). There were no significant differences in HSS knee score or Baird-Jackson ankle score between the two groups on admission, after external fixator removal or at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). No significant differences were observed in the incidence of pin tract infection, poor healing, infection in the bone elongation area, or re-fracture between the two groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of postoperative axial deviation was 0 in the Ilizarov group, lower than 18% in the unilateral fixation group (4/22) ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Although Ilizarov ring external fixation and unilateral rail external fixation demonstrate comparable efficacy in the treatment of infected bone defects after surgery for tibial fractures, the former provides superior mechanical stability and postoperative axial deviation correction, while the latter offers advantages in reducing psychological burden and enhancing treatment tolerance.

Objective To summarize the medicinal properties of new foreign introducing Chinese materia medica Drimia maritima(L.)Stearn based on literature research;To further verify its five flavors by applying intelligent sense;To provide new ideas for the medicinal properties research of new foreign introducing Chinese materia medica.Methods Literature about Drimia maritima(L.)Stearn was retrieved from CNKI,VIP,Wanfang Data,PubMed,Web of Science,and combined with the TCM theories medicinal properties of Drimia maritima(L.)Stearn was summarized.PEN3 electronic nose and SA402B electronic tongue were used to obtain intelligent sensory information of Drimia maritima(L.)Stearn,and the principal component analysis(PCA)was used to identify its five flavors.Results Literature research summarize Drimia maritima(L.)Stearn with antioxidant,anti-tumor,strengthening cardiac functions and diuresis,reducing cough and asthma and other pharmacological effects.Combined with the theories,it explored that its property was mainly slightly warm,the tastes were mainly bitter,pungent,sweet,and slightly toxic,belonging to the lung,spleen,stomach and heart meridians.Based on intelligent sense,identification results of five tastes of Drimia maritima(L.)Stearn were bitter,slightly pungent,slightly sweet,salty,non-acid,basically consistent with the literature research.Conclusion Literature research combined with intelligent sense can better summarize and recognize the medicinal properties of Drimia maritima(L.)Stearn.This study can provide a certain reference for a more objective and adequate medicinal properties analysis of new foreign introducing Chinese materia medica.

Objective::To analyze fetal renal abnormality genetic features and the prenatal characteristics of the 17q12 microdeletion syndrome.Methods::This prospective cohort study examined prenatal ultrasound findings of renal abnormalities in pregnant women who underwent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array or copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq) testing on amniotic fluid or fetal tissue at Tianjin Central Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital between January 2016 and August 2022. The study cohort comprised women with advanced maternal age, fetal ultrasound anomalies, high-risk non-invasive prenatal testing results, or suspected 17q12 microdeletion syndrome. Comprehensive clinical data, including maternal age, detailed ultrasound findings, and pregnancy outcomes, were systematically collected. SNP-array analysis was conducted using an Affymetrix CytoScan 750 K Array Chip to identify CNVs and loss of heterozygosity, while CNV-seq was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. Detected variants were classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 27.0.Results::Abnormal renal development was identified in 141 patients, among whom 26 exhibited hyperechogenic kidneys (HCK). Of these, 12 cases were associated with 17q12 microdeletion syndrome, while the remaining 14 were linked to other chromosomal abnormalities. When excluding patients with HCK, those diagnosed with polycystic kidney disease demonstrated a higher prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities compared to those with multicystic dysplastic kidney and renal dysplasia. Although isolated conditions such as horseshoe kidney, hydronephrosis, ectopic kidney, and unilateral kidney typically presented with normal chromosomal findings, the incidence of chromosomal abnormalities increased when these conditions coexisted with other anomalies. A detailed analysis of the correlation between 17q12 microdeletion syndrome and HCK revealed that 12 out of the 14 patients diagnosed with 17q12 microdeletion syndrome exhibited HCK. Genetic testing confirmed the syndrome in seven patients, with five cases attributed to novel mutations and two cases resulting from inherited mutations.Conclusion::Fetal HCK was closely associated with the 17q12 microdeletion syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease showed a higher rate of chromosomal abnormalities. Chromosome test results were mostly normal in patients with other renal abnormalities, such as kidney dysplasia, horseshoe kidneys, hydronephrosis, kidney deficiency, and ectopic kidneys. Prenatal diagnosis is recommended, especially in cases of non-isolated fetal renal abnormalities. This study provides strong evidence supporting a link between fetal renal abnormalities and genetic syndromes.