Optical imaging is highly valued for its superior temporal and spatial resolution. This is particularly important in near-infrared II (NIR-II, 1 000-3 000 nm) imaging, which offers advantages such as reduced tissue absorption, minimal scattering, and low autofluorescence. These characteristics make NIR-II imaging especially suitable for deep tissue visualization, where high contrast and minimal background interference are critical for accurate diagnosis and monitoring. Currently, inorganic fluorescent probes—such as carbon nanotubes, rare earth nanoparticles, and quantum dots—offer high brightness and stability. However, they are hindered by ambiguous structures, larger sizes, and potential accumulation toxicity in vivo. In contrast, organic fluorescent probes, including small molecules and polymers, demonstrate higher biocompatibility but are limited by shorter emission wavelengths, lower quantum yields, and reduced stability. Recently, gold clusters have emerged as a promising class of nanomaterials with potential applications in biocatalysis, fluorescence sensing, biological imaging, and more. Water-soluble gold clusters are particularly attractive as fluorescent probes due to their remarkable optical properties, including strong photoluminescence, large Stokes shifts, and excellent photostability. Furthermore, their outstanding biocompatibility—attributed to good aqueous stability, ultra-small hydrodynamic size, and high renal clearance efficiency—makes them especially suitable for biomedical applications. Gold clusters hold significant potential for NIR-II fluorescence imaging. Atomic-precision gold clusters, typically composed of tens to hundreds of gold atoms and measuring only a few nanometers in diameter, possess well-defined three-dimensional structures and clear spatial coordination. This atomic-level precision enables fine-tuned structural regulation, further enhancing their fluorescence properties. Variations in cluster size, surface ligands, and alloying elements can result in distinct physicochemical characteristics. The incorporation of different atoms can modulate the atomic and electronic structures of gold clusters, while diverse ligands can influence surface polarity and steric hindrance. As such, strategies like alloying and ligand engineering are effective in enhancing both fluorescence and catalytic performance, thereby meeting a broader range of clinical needs. In recent years, gold clusters have attracted growing attention in the biomedical field. Their application in NIR-II imaging has led to significant progress in vascular, organ, and tumor imaging. The resulting high-resolution, high signal-to-noise imaging provides powerful tools for clinical diagnostics. Moreover, biologically active gold clusters can aid in drug delivery and disease diagnosis and treatment, offering new opportunities for clinical therapeutics. Despite the notable achievements in fundamental research and clinical translation, further studies are required to address challenges related to the standardized synthesis and complex metabolic behavior of gold clusters. Resolving these issues will help accelerate their clinical adoption and broaden their biomedical applications.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term clinical efficacy of external fixation and internal fixation with steel plate in the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures (AO-23C type), based on the principles of Chinese osteosynthesis (CO). METHODS: Forty-eight patients with unstable distal radius fractures between January 2022 and February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the CO external fixation group and internal fixation group. CO external fixation group consisted of 25 patients, including 7 males and 18 females, aged from 37 to 56 years old with an average of ( 52.6±11.3) years old. Among them, there were 7 patients of traffic accidents and 18 patients of falls, resulting in a total of 25 patients of closed fractures and no open fractures, the treatment was conducted using closed reduction and CO external fixation. The internal fixation group consisted of 23 patients, comprising 8 males and 15 females, age ranged from 41 to 59 years old, with an average age of(53.3±13.7) years old. Among them, 8 patients resulted from car accidents while the remaining 15 patients were caused by falls. All 23 patients were closed fractures without any open fractures observed. The technique of open reduction and internal fixation with steel plate was employed. The perioperative data, including injury-operation time, operation duration, blood loss, and length of hospital stay, were assessed in both groups. Additionally, the QuickDASH score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated. Range of motion and grip strength assessment, imaging findings such as palmar inclination angle, ulnar declination angle, radius length, articular surface step, intra-articular space measurements were also examined along with any complications. RESULTS: The follow-up duration ranged from 0 to 24 months, with an average duration of (16.0±3.8) months. The CO external fixation exhibited significantly shorter time from injury to operation (2.4±3.3) d vs (7.4±3.7) d, shorter operation duration (56.27±15.23) min vs (74.10±5.26) min, lower blood loss (14.52±6.54) ml vs (32.32±10.03) ml, and reduced hospitalization days (14.04±3.24 )d vs (16.45±3.05) d compared to the internal fixation group (P<0.05). The QuickDASH score at 12 months post-operation was (8.21±1.64) in the CO external fixation group, while no significant difference was observed in the internal fixation group (7.04±3.64), P>0.05. There were no statistically significant differences in VAS between two groups at 6 weeks, as well as 1 and 3 months post-surgery (P>0.05). Additionally, there were no significant disparities observed in terms of range of motion and grip strength between two groups at the 2-year follow-up after the operation (P>0.05). After 12 months of surgery, the CO external fixation group exhibited a significantly smaller palmar inclination angle (17.90±2.18) ° vs (19.87±3.21) °, reduced articular surface step (0.11±0.03) mm vs (0.17±0.02) mm, and shorter radius length (8.16±1.11) mm compared to the internal fixation group (9.59±1.02) mm, P<0.05. The ulnar deviation angle and intra-articular space did not show any significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The reduced fell within the allowable range between the CO external fixation group (23 out of 25 cases) and the internal fixation group (21 out of 23 cases) was not statistically significant (P=0.29). There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Both the CO external fixation and open reduction with plate internal fixation demonstrate clinical efficacy in managing unstable distal radius fractures. The CO external fixation offers advantages in shorter injury-to-operation times, reduced intraoperative blood loss, and decreased surgical durations, while radial shortening is more effectively controlled by internal fixation.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures/physiopathology* ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; External Fixators ; Retrospective Studies ; Fracture Fixation/methods* ; Wrist Fractures

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of central nervous system (CNS) invasion in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and construct a risk prediction model for CNS invasion. METHODS: Clinical data of 395 patients with PTCL diagnosed and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The median follow-up time of 395 PTCL patients was 24(1-143) months. There were 13 patients diagnosed CNS invasion, and the incidence was 3.3%. The risk of CNS invasion varied according to pathological subtype. The incidence of CNS invasion in patients with anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) was significantly higher than in patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) (P <0.05). The median overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with CNS invasion than in those without CNS involvement, with a median survival time of 2.4(0.6-127) months after diagnosis of CNS invasion. The results of univariate and multivariate analysis showed that more than 1 extranodal involvement (HR=4.486, 95%CI : 1.166-17.264, P =0.029), ALCL subtype (HR=9.022, 95%CI : 2.289-35.557, P =0.002) and ECOG PS >1 (HR=15.890, 95%CI : 4.409-57.262, P <0.001) were independent risk factors for CNS invasion in PTCL patients. Each of these risk factors was assigned a value of 1 point and a new prediction model was constructed. It could stratify the patients into three distinct groups: low-risk group (0-1 point), intermediate-risk group (2 points) and high-risk group (3 points). The 1-year cumulative incidence of CNS invasion in the high-risk group was as high as 50.0%. Further evaluation of the model showed good discrimination and accuracy, and the consistency index was 0.913 (95%CI : 0.843-0.984). CONCLUSION The new model shows a precise risk assessment for CNS invasion prediction, while its specificity and sensitivity need further data validation.
Humans ; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology* ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Male ; Female ; Central Nervous System/pathology* ; Middle Aged ; Adult

OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of Tongxinluo capsules on the pharmacokinetics of rivaroxaban in rats. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into rivaroxaban alone group （2.70 mg/kg）， low-dose Tongxinluo capsules combined with rivaroxaban group （Tongxinluo capsules 0.28 g/kg+rivaroxaban 2.70 mg/kg）， and high-dose Tongxinluo capsules combined with rivaroxaban group （Tongxinluo capsules 0.84 g/kg+rivaroxaban 2.70 mg/kg）， with five rats in each group. Following seven consecutive days of gavage with normal saline or the corresponding doses of Tongxinluo capsules， the rats were subjected to a final gavage administration of rivaroxaban. Blood samples were collected at 0 h prior to the final administration and at 0.16， 0.33， 0.50， 0.75， 1， 1.5， 2， 4， 8， 12 and 24 h post-final administration. The plasma concentration of rivaroxaban in rats was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The pharmacokinetic parameters [peak concentration （cmax）， half-life （t1/2）， area under the drug concentration time curve （AUC）， mean residence time （MRT）， clearance （CL）， apparent volume of distribution （Vd） and peak time （tmax）] of each group were calculated using a non-compartmental model of MonolixSuite 2023R1 pharmacokinetic software. RESULTS Compared with rivaroxaban alone group， AUC₀₋ₜ and AUC0-∞ of rivaroxaban in rats were increased significantly in high-dose Tongxinluo capsules+rivaroxaban group （P＜0.05）， while CL was decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； t1/2 and MRT were shortened， tmax was extended， cmax was increased， while Vd was decreased， but there was no statistical significance （P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Rivaroxaban combined with Tongxinluo capsules significantly increases the plasma exposure of rivaroxaban in rats. Potential drug-drug interactions should be considered in clinical practice based on the co-administration conditions.

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein (NHDL) cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (NHHR) and stoke remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the adult NHHR and stroke occurrence in the United States of America (USA). METHODS: To clarify the relationship between the NHHR and stroke risk, this study used a multivariable logistic regression model and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model to investigate the association between the NHHR and stroke, and data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the results. RESULTS: This study included 29,928 adult participants, of which 1,165 participants had a history of stroke. Logistic regression analysis of variables demonstrated a positive association between NHHR and stroke ( OR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03-1.50, P = 0.026). Compared with the lowest reference group of NHHR, participants in the second, third, and fourth quartile had a significantly increased risk of stroke after full adjustments ( OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.08-1.69) ( OR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.42-2.36) ( OR: 2.04, 95% CI: 1.50-2.79). In the total population, a nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between the NHHR and stroke risk ( P non-linearity = 0.002). This association remained significant in several subgroup analyses. Further investigation of the NHHR may enhance our understanding of stroke prevention and treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a positive correlation between the NHHR and an increased prevalence of stroke, potentially serving as a novel predictive factor for stroke. Timely intervention and management of the NHHR may effectively mitigate stroke occurrence. Prospective studies are required to validate this association and further explore the underlying biological mechanisms.
Humans ; Stroke/blood* ; United States/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Nutrition Surveys ; Adult ; Aged ; Cholesterol, HDL/blood* ; Cholesterol/blood* ; Risk Factors

As the first defense of respiratory system,airway epi-thelial cells(AECs)play an important role in separating the re-spiratory internal and external environment.They are essential for the natural immune function.Small airway lesions are an im-portant early pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),when AECs are exposed to harmful particles or gases for a long time,the epithelial barrier is damaged,and the signa-ling pathways which involved in differentiation,repair,and in-flammatory are disordered,resulting in epithelial cell cycle stag-nation and accelerated aging.A number of studies have sugges-ted that AECs of COPD patients express high levels of aging markers,suggesting that senescence of AECs is closely related to COPD.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of AECs senescence in COPD,the impact of AECs senescence on the de-velopment and severity of the disease,and highlights potential targets for modulating cellular senescence in airway epithelium as a therapeutic approach in COPD.

Objective:To investigate the effects of target-oriented liquid therapy on the treatment outcomes of skin grafting in patients with severe burns.Methods:A total of 60 patients with severe burns (total burn area over 20%, and deep second-degree burn area ≥ 10%) who were scheduled for skin graft surgery at the Marine Police Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force from January 2019 to January 2022 were included in this cohort study. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (conventional fluid therapy) and an observation group (target-oriented fluid therapy) using a random number table method, with 30 patients in each group.The levels of lactate (Lac) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were compared between the two groups. The usage of colloid and crystalloid fluids, urine output, length of hospital stay, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results:At the end of the surgery, the levels of Lac and cTnI in the observation group were (1.13 ± 0.22) mmol/L and (0.95 ± 0.25) μg/L, respectively, both of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.52 ± 0.34) mmol/L, (1.10 ± 0.31) μg/L; t = 5.24, 0.83, P < 0.001, P = 0.044]. The differences in Lac and cTnI levels in the observation group were (0.53 ± 0.36) and (0.13 ± 0.07), respectively, which were significantly greater than those in the control group [(0.23 ± 0.16), (0.02 ± 0.01), t = -4.17 and -3.45, P < 0.001, P = 0.001]. The volumes of colloid and crystalloid fluids and the length of hospital stay in the observation group were (960.25 ± 153.32) mL, (1 680.52 ± 253.08) mL, and (51.36 ± 17.25) days, respectively. These values were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group [(1 459.73 ± 203.41) mL, (2 401.89 ± 301.23) mL, (81.05 ± 25.08) days, t = 10.74, 10.04, 5.34,all P < 0.001]. The incidences of postoperative infection, pneumonia, and arrhythmia in the observation group were 33.33% (10/30), 16.67% (5/30), and 16.67% (5/30), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [63.33% (19/30), 46.67% (14/30), 30.00% (15/30); χ2 = 5.41, 6.24, 7.50, P = 0.020, P = 0.013, P = 0.006]. However, there was no statistically significant difference in acute lung injury, heart failure, and myocardial injury between the two groups ( χ2 = 1.36, 1.92, 0.29; P = 0.243, 0.166, 0.592). Conclusions:Compared with traditional fluid replacement therapy, target-oriented fluid therapy has a more significant therapeutic effect on patients with severe burns. It not only reduces fluid usage and the length of hospital stay but also decreases the incidence of infection, pneumonia, and arrhythmia in these patients.

As the first defense of respiratory system,airway epi-thelial cells(AECs)play an important role in separating the re-spiratory internal and external environment.They are essential for the natural immune function.Small airway lesions are an im-portant early pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),when AECs are exposed to harmful particles or gases for a long time,the epithelial barrier is damaged,and the signa-ling pathways which involved in differentiation,repair,and in-flammatory are disordered,resulting in epithelial cell cycle stag-nation and accelerated aging.A number of studies have sugges-ted that AECs of COPD patients express high levels of aging markers,suggesting that senescence of AECs is closely related to COPD.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of AECs senescence in COPD,the impact of AECs senescence on the de-velopment and severity of the disease,and highlights potential targets for modulating cellular senescence in airway epithelium as a therapeutic approach in COPD.

Objective:To investigate the effects of target-oriented liquid therapy on the treatment outcomes of skin grafting in patients with severe burns.Methods:A total of 60 patients with severe burns (total burn area over 20%, and deep second-degree burn area ≥ 10%) who were scheduled for skin graft surgery at the Marine Police Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Force from January 2019 to January 2022 were included in this cohort study. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (conventional fluid therapy) and an observation group (target-oriented fluid therapy) using a random number table method, with 30 patients in each group.The levels of lactate (Lac) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (cTnI) were compared between the two groups. The usage of colloid and crystalloid fluids, urine output, length of hospital stay, and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results:At the end of the surgery, the levels of Lac and cTnI in the observation group were (1.13 ± 0.22) mmol/L and (0.95 ± 0.25) μg/L, respectively, both of which were significantly lower than those in the control group [(1.52 ± 0.34) mmol/L, (1.10 ± 0.31) μg/L; t = 5.24, 0.83, P < 0.001, P = 0.044]. The differences in Lac and cTnI levels in the observation group were (0.53 ± 0.36) and (0.13 ± 0.07), respectively, which were significantly greater than those in the control group [(0.23 ± 0.16), (0.02 ± 0.01), t = -4.17 and -3.45, P < 0.001, P = 0.001]. The volumes of colloid and crystalloid fluids and the length of hospital stay in the observation group were (960.25 ± 153.32) mL, (1 680.52 ± 253.08) mL, and (51.36 ± 17.25) days, respectively. These values were significantly lower or shorter than those in the control group [(1 459.73 ± 203.41) mL, (2 401.89 ± 301.23) mL, (81.05 ± 25.08) days, t = 10.74, 10.04, 5.34,all P < 0.001]. The incidences of postoperative infection, pneumonia, and arrhythmia in the observation group were 33.33% (10/30), 16.67% (5/30), and 16.67% (5/30), respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group [63.33% (19/30), 46.67% (14/30), 30.00% (15/30); χ2 = 5.41, 6.24, 7.50, P = 0.020, P = 0.013, P = 0.006]. However, there was no statistically significant difference in acute lung injury, heart failure, and myocardial injury between the two groups ( χ2 = 1.36, 1.92, 0.29; P = 0.243, 0.166, 0.592). Conclusions:Compared with traditional fluid replacement therapy, target-oriented fluid therapy has a more significant therapeutic effect on patients with severe burns. It not only reduces fluid usage and the length of hospital stay but also decreases the incidence of infection, pneumonia, and arrhythmia in these patients.