As the first defense of respiratory system,airway epi-thelial cells(AECs)play an important role in separating the re-spiratory internal and external environment.They are essential for the natural immune function.Small airway lesions are an im-portant early pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),when AECs are exposed to harmful particles or gases for a long time,the epithelial barrier is damaged,and the signa-ling pathways which involved in differentiation,repair,and in-flammatory are disordered,resulting in epithelial cell cycle stag-nation and accelerated aging.A number of studies have sugges-ted that AECs of COPD patients express high levels of aging markers,suggesting that senescence of AECs is closely related to COPD.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of AECs senescence in COPD,the impact of AECs senescence on the de-velopment and severity of the disease,and highlights potential targets for modulating cellular senescence in airway epithelium as a therapeutic approach in COPD.

Objective:To explore the impulsivity characteristics of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)comorbid with borderline personality disorder(BPD)and the mediating role of emotion regula-tion strategies.Methods:A total of 96 patients with ADHD meeting the diagnostic criteria of the American Diagnos-tic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ)were enrolled,48 of whom had comorbid BPD.Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulse Scale(BIS)and the impulse control difficulty dimensions of Emotional Regulation Difficulty Scale(DERS).Emotion regulation strategies were evaluated with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ).Results:No significant differences were found between the ADHD with and with-out BPD group in cognitive impulsivity,motor impulsivity,or non-planning impulsivity as assessed with the BIS(Ps＞0.05).However,the ADHD with BPD group showed higher scores on the DERS impulse control difficulty subscale(P＜0.001)and less frequent use of cognitive reappraisal strategies(P＜0.001).Cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between ADHD with BPD and impulse control difficulties,with an effect size of 25.9％.Conclusion:ADHD patients comorbid with BPD exhibit heightened emotional impulsivity,which might be partially mediated by reduced use of cognitive reappraisal.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effects and potential mechanisms by which synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) influences the distribution of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endolysosomal system, and cell membranes and to reveal the effects of SV2A on APP amyloid degradation. METHODS: Colocalization analysis of APP with specific tagged proteins in the TGN, ensolysosomal system, and cell membrane was performed to explore the effects of SV2A on the intracellular transport of APP. APP, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expressions, and APP cleavage products levels were investigated to observe the effects of SV2A on APP amyloidogenic processing. RESULTS: APP localization was reduced in the TGN, early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes, whereas it was increased in the recycling endosomes and cell membrane of SV2A-overexpressed neurons. Moreover, Arl5b (ADP-ribosylation factor 5b), a protein responsible for transporting APP from the TGN to early endosomes, was upregulated by SV2A. SV2A overexpression also decreased APP transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes by downregulating APP endocytosis. In addition, products of APP amyloid degradation, including sAPPβ, Aβ _1-42, and Aβ _1-40, were decreased in SV2A-overexpressed cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that SV2A promotes APP transport from the TGN to early endosomes by upregulating Arl5b and promoting APP transport from early endosomes to recycling endosomes-cell membrane pathway, which slows APP amyloid degradation.
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics* ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Animals ; Protein Transport ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Humans ; Mice ; Endosomes/metabolism* ; trans-Golgi Network/metabolism*

As the first defense of respiratory system,airway epi-thelial cells(AECs)play an important role in separating the re-spiratory internal and external environment.They are essential for the natural immune function.Small airway lesions are an im-portant early pathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),when AECs are exposed to harmful particles or gases for a long time,the epithelial barrier is damaged,and the signa-ling pathways which involved in differentiation,repair,and in-flammatory are disordered,resulting in epithelial cell cycle stag-nation and accelerated aging.A number of studies have sugges-ted that AECs of COPD patients express high levels of aging markers,suggesting that senescence of AECs is closely related to COPD.This review discusses the potential mechanisms of AECs senescence in COPD,the impact of AECs senescence on the de-velopment and severity of the disease,and highlights potential targets for modulating cellular senescence in airway epithelium as a therapeutic approach in COPD.

Objective:To explore the impulsivity characteristics of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)comorbid with borderline personality disorder(BPD)and the mediating role of emotion regula-tion strategies.Methods:A total of 96 patients with ADHD meeting the diagnostic criteria of the American Diagnos-tic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition(DSM-Ⅳ)were enrolled,48 of whom had comorbid BPD.Impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulse Scale(BIS)and the impulse control difficulty dimensions of Emotional Regulation Difficulty Scale(DERS).Emotion regulation strategies were evaluated with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire(ERQ).Results:No significant differences were found between the ADHD with and with-out BPD group in cognitive impulsivity,motor impulsivity,or non-planning impulsivity as assessed with the BIS(Ps＞0.05).However,the ADHD with BPD group showed higher scores on the DERS impulse control difficulty subscale(P＜0.001)and less frequent use of cognitive reappraisal strategies(P＜0.001).Cognitive reappraisal partially mediated the relationship between ADHD with BPD and impulse control difficulties,with an effect size of 25.9％.Conclusion:ADHD patients comorbid with BPD exhibit heightened emotional impulsivity,which might be partially mediated by reduced use of cognitive reappraisal.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and clinical significance of layered plaques that were detected by optical coherence tomography(OCT)in patients with angiographically intermediate coronary lesions,and relationship with prognosis.Methods This was a signal-center retrospective study focusing on patients whom underwent coronary angiography and OCT.The layered plaque group and non-layered plaque group were divided according to the presence or absence of stratified plaque.Clinical data,laboratory indicators,angiography,and OCT results were collected and compared between the two groups.Using logistic regression to analyze the relationship between stratified plaques and clinical features;Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of cardiovascular adverse events in patients with critical coronary artery disease.Results A total of 172 patients were enrolled,including 96 patients in non-layered plaque group and 76 patients in layered plaque group.Male(OR 2.415,95％CI 1.162-5.020,P=0.018),diabetes(OR 2.505,95％CI 1.137-5.525,P=0.023)and history of hyperlipidemia(OR 3.590,95％CI 1.478-6.333,P=0.003)were independent risk factors for stratified plaque.In OCT analysis,the proportion of thin-cap fibroatheroma(TCFA)plaque,macrophage infiltration,microvascularization,thrombosis,plaque rupture,and intimal dissection,as well as lipid plaque length,lipid plaque arc,and lipid plaque index were higher in the layered plaque group.After adjusting for other risk factors,macrophage infiltration is independently associated with stratified plaques(OR 2.106,95％CI 1.019-4.353,P=0.044).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the target lesion revascularization rate in the layered plaque group was higher than that in the non-layered plaque group(Log-rank P=0.030).Cox regression analysis shows that it has both stratified plaque and thin fibrous membrane plaque characteristics was an independent predictor of cardiovascular adverse events(HR 5.165,95％CI 1.696-15.727,P=0.004).Conclusions In patients with angiographically intermediate coronary lesions,OCT detection of stratified lesions is often accompanied by other unstable plaque features,indicating an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events.Simultaneously possessing features of stratified plaques and TCFA is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with critical coronary artery disease.

To explore the common irritant components in different base sources of Polygonati Rhizoma(PR). A rabbit eye irritation experiment was conducted to compare the irritant effects of raw products of Polygonatum kingianum, P. officinale, and P. multiflorum. The irritant effects of different solvent extraction parts and needle crystals of PR were compared, and the irritant components were screened. The morphology and structure of the purified needle crystal of PR were observed by microscope and scanning electron microscope and characterized by X-ray diffraction. Rabbit eye irritation and mouse abdominal inflammation model were used to evaluate rabbit eye irritation scores, inflammatory mediators, inflammatory factors levels in the peritoneal exudate of mice, with the peritoneal pathological section used as indicators. The inflammatory effect of needle crystals of PR was studied, and the content of calcium oxalate in three kinds of PR was determined by HPLC. The common protein in three kinds of PR was screened and compared by double enzymatic hydrolysis in solution combined with mass spectrometry. The results showed that three kinds of PR raw products had certain irritant effects on rabbit eyes, among which P. kingianum had the strongest irritant effect. There were no obvious irritant effects in the different solvent extraction parts of P. kingianum. Compared with the blank group, the needle crystal of PR had a significant irritant effect on rabbit eyes, and the inflammatory mediators and inflammatory factors in the peritoneal exudate were significantly increased(P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the peritoneal tissue of mice was damaged with significant inflammatory cell infiltration after intraperitoneal injection of needle crystal, indicating that needle crystal had an inflammatory effect. Microscope and scanning electron microscope observations showed that the needle crystals of PR were slender, with a length of about 100-200 μm and sharp ends. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the needle crystals of PR were calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals. The results of HPLC showed that the content of calcium oxalate in P. kingianum was the highest among the three kinds of PR. It was speculated that the content of needle crystal in P. kingianum was higher than that in P. officinale and P. multiflorum, which was consistent with the results of the rabbit eye irritation experiment. The results of mass spectrometry showed that ribosome inactivating protein and mannose/sialic acid binding lectin were related to inflammation and cell metabolism in all three kinds of PR. There was no obvious irritant effect in different solvent extracts of PR. The calcium oxalate needle crystal contained was the main irritant component of PR, and three kinds of PR contained common ribosome inactivating protein and mannose/sialic acid binding lectin, which may be related to the inflammatory irritant effect of PR.
Animals ; Rabbits ; Mice ; Polygonatum/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/toxicity* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Male ; Eye/drug effects* ; Female ; Humans

Objective To investigate the risk factors and clinical significance of layered plaques that were detected by optical coherence tomography(OCT)in patients with angiographically intermediate coronary lesions,and relationship with prognosis.Methods This was a signal-center retrospective study focusing on patients whom underwent coronary angiography and OCT.The layered plaque group and non-layered plaque group were divided according to the presence or absence of stratified plaque.Clinical data,laboratory indicators,angiography,and OCT results were collected and compared between the two groups.Using logistic regression to analyze the relationship between stratified plaques and clinical features;Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors of cardiovascular adverse events in patients with critical coronary artery disease.Results A total of 172 patients were enrolled,including 96 patients in non-layered plaque group and 76 patients in layered plaque group.Male(OR 2.415,95％CI 1.162-5.020,P=0.018),diabetes(OR 2.505,95％CI 1.137-5.525,P=0.023)and history of hyperlipidemia(OR 3.590,95％CI 1.478-6.333,P=0.003)were independent risk factors for stratified plaque.In OCT analysis,the proportion of thin-cap fibroatheroma(TCFA)plaque,macrophage infiltration,microvascularization,thrombosis,plaque rupture,and intimal dissection,as well as lipid plaque length,lipid plaque arc,and lipid plaque index were higher in the layered plaque group.After adjusting for other risk factors,macrophage infiltration is independently associated with stratified plaques(OR 2.106,95％CI 1.019-4.353,P=0.044).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the target lesion revascularization rate in the layered plaque group was higher than that in the non-layered plaque group(Log-rank P=0.030).Cox regression analysis shows that it has both stratified plaque and thin fibrous membrane plaque characteristics was an independent predictor of cardiovascular adverse events(HR 5.165,95％CI 1.696-15.727,P=0.004).Conclusions In patients with angiographically intermediate coronary lesions,OCT detection of stratified lesions is often accompanied by other unstable plaque features,indicating an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular events.Simultaneously possessing features of stratified plaques and TCFA is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with critical coronary artery disease.

The incidence of decreased ovarian reserve(DOR)is gradually increasing,with fluctuations in hormone levels causing a series of clinical syndromes.Among these,sleep disorders stand out as prominent symptoms,clinically manifested by difficulties in falling asleep,shortened sleep duration,and poor sleep quality,severely impacting the physical and mental health as well as the quality of life of women.Clinical observations have found a close relationship between decreased ovarian reserve and sleep disorders,where the two interact causally and reciprocally.Western medicine primarily focuses on improving behavioral cognition,administering sedatives and hypnotics,and hormone replacement therapy,albeit with certain limitations in efficacy.Traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes holistic views and syndrome differentiation in treatment,offering low side effects and unique advantages.This review summarizes recent literature on the research progress of sleep disorders and DOR from both Western and traditional Chinese medicine perspectives,providing reference for clinical treatment.

Objective Studies on the relationship between iodine,vitamin A(VA),and vitamin D(VD)and thyroid function are limited.This study aimed to analyze iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)status and their possible relationships with VA,VD,and other factors in postpartum women. Methods A total of 1,311 mothers(896 lactating and 415 non-lactating)from Hebei,Zhejiang,and Guangxi provinces were included in this study.The urinary iodine concentration(UIC),TSH,VA,and VD were measured. Results The median UIC of total and lactating participants were 142.00 μg/L and 139.95 μg/L,respectively.The median TSH,VA,and VD levels in all the participants were 1.89 mIU/L,0.44 μg/mL,and 24.04 ng/mL,respectively.No differences in the UIC were found between lactating and non-lactating mothers.UIC and TSH levels were significantly different among the three provinces.The rural UIC was higher than the urban UIC.Obese mothers had a higher UIC and a higher prevalence of excessive TSH.Higher UICs and TSHs levels were observed in both the VD deficiency and insufficiency groups than in the VD-sufficient group.After adjustment,no linear correlation was observed between UIC and VA/VD.No interaction was found between vitamins A/D and UIC on TSH levels. Conclusion The mothers in the present study had no iodine deficiency.Region,area type,BMI,and VD may be related to the iodine status or TSH levels.