Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

This study delves into the mechanism of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot(TFA) in treating ulcerative colitis(UC) and depression via inhibiting M1 polarization of macrophages and reshaping intestinal flora and glycerolphospholipid metabolism. The study established a mouse model of UC and depression induced by chronic restraint stress(CRS) and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS). The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) experiment after TFA intervention was conducted. Mice in the FMT donor group were modeled and treated, and fecal samples were taken to prepare the bacterial solution. Mice in the FMT receptor group were treated with antibiotic intervention, and then administered bacterial solution by gavage from mice in the donor group, followed by UC depression modeling. After the experiment, behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate depressive-like behaviors by measuring the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampus of mice. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the brain and colon tissue of mice were also measured, and the polarization status of macrophages was evaluated by measuring the mRNA levels of CD86 and CD206. 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA) sequencing technology was used to analyze changes in the intestinal flora of mice. Wide target lipidomics was used to detect serum lipid metabolite levels in mice after FMT,and correlation analysis was conducted between lipids and differential intestinal flora significantly regulated by TFA. In vitro experiments, representative glycerophospholipid metabolites and glycerophospholipid inhibitors were used to intervene in Raw264.7 macrophages, and the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,CD86,and CD206 were detected. The results showed that TFA and FMT after intervention could significantly improve depressive-like behavior and intestinal inflammation in mice with UC and depression, significantly downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD86 mRNA expression in brain and colon tissue, inhibiting M1 polarization of macrophages, and significantly upregulate CD206 mRNA expression, promoting M2 polarization of macrophages. In addition, the high-dose group had a more significant effect. After TFA intervention, FMT significantly corrected the metabolic disorder of glycerophospholipids in mice with UC and depression, and there was a significant correlation between differential intestinal flora and glycerophospholipids. In vitro experiments showed that glycerophospholipid metabolites, especially lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC),significantly upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD86 mRNA expression, promote M1 polarization of macrophages, while glycerophospholipid inhibitors had the opposite effect. The results indicate that TFA effectively treats depression and UC by correcting intestinal flora dysbiosis and reshaping glycerophospholipid metabolism, thereby inhibiting M1 polarization of macrophages.
Animals ; Mice ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Abelmoschus/chemistry* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology* ; Flavones/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Depression/genetics* ; Glycerophospholipids/metabolism* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective:To investigate whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) induces ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells and predict the Hub genes. Methods:Firstly, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with Pg (W83) for 4 h, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ferroptosis-related morphological characteristics. Subsequently, RNA was extracted from HUVEC before and after Pg stimulation for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Enrichment analysis was performed to determine if differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with ferroptosis. Ferroptosis-related DEG (Fer-DEG) were identified and then underwent gene ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and Hub gene prediction. Next, based on RNA-seq results, HUVEC were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Established ferroptosis markers were detected. The indices and detection methods were as follows: cell viability via cell counting kit-8; reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the DCFH-DA probe; Fe2?, lipid peroxides (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) with commercial kits; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using the JC-1 probe; solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expressions by Western blotting (WB) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Finally, RT-qPCR was used to validate the expression of predicted Hub genes in HUVEC after 24 h LPS stimulation, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2).Results:The mitochondria exhibited size reduction and cristae loss in Pg-stimulated HUVEC. DEG of HUVEC between the Pg-infected and control groups were enriched in the pathway of ferroptosis, and from which 56 Fer-DEG were identified. GO analysis showed enrichment in in responses to TNF, LPS, biotic stimulus, etc. and KEGG analysis revealed enrichment in TNF, C-type lectin receptor, and IL-17 signaling pathways, etc. In the 56-gene PPI network, TNF, IL-6, and PTGS2 were predicted as Hub genes, which were significantly associated with ferroptosis-related pathways, including unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and ROS metabolic process regulation. Compared to the control group [(100.00±1.44)%], LPS significantly reduced HUVEC viability [(66.77±1.80)%], which could be ameliorated by Fer-1 [(84.50±1.47)%] ( P<0.05). The ROS fluorescence intensity in the LPS group (1 523.00±250.70) was significantly higher than in the control (328.20±38.68) or LPS+Fer-1 (753.30±67.11) group (all P<0.05). The Fe2?, LPO, and MDA levels in the LPS group [(29.83±4.25) μmol/10 6 cells, (3.58±0.24) μmol/gprot, (5.54±0.33) μmol/gprot, respectively] were significantly higher than both the control group [(7.29±0.79) μmol/10 6 cells, (1.08±0.05) μmol/gprot, (2.06±0.17) μmol/gprot] and the LPS+Fer-1 group [(16.33±1.63) μmol/10 6 cells, (2.01±0.09) μmol/gprot, (3.24±0.26) μmol/gprot]. Furthermore, the GSH/GSSG ratio in the LPS group (2.17±0.08) was considerably lower than both the control group (6.96±0.20) and the LPS+Fer-1 group (4.31±0.81) (all P<0.05). The JC-1 aggregate/monomer fluorescence intensity ratio of the LPS group (0.46±0.07) was markedly lower than the control group (285.60±160.40), while Fer-1 pretreatment (1.53±0.17) obviously mitigated this decrease (all P<0.05). SLC7A11, SLC3A2, and GPX4 protein and mRNA expression levels in the LPS group were dramatically lower than both the control group and the Fer-1+LPS group ( P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of TNF, IL-6, and PTGS2 in the LPS group were strongly upregulated compared to the control group, and the expressions of these three factors in the LPS+Fer-1 group were significantly lower than those in the LPS group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Pg drives ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, with TNF, IL-6, and PTGS2 identified as the potential novel Hub genes in this process.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male urological malignancies,in which bone metastasis of desmo-plasia-resistant prostate cancer is an important stage in the progression of the disease,which seriously affects the quality of life and survival of patients.With the development of nuclide therapy technology in recent years,223-Ra,as a new type of alpha-targeted therapy,has shown good efficacy in the treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis.The purpose of this pa-per is to review the characteristics,mechanism of action,treatment,and the main research results of its treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis,and provide a comprehensive review of the clinical application of 223-Ra in the treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis for the clinical application of 223-Ra in prostate cancer bone metastasis.

In modern society, sugary foods have become an integral part of many people′s lives. However, excessive sugar consumption has adverse effects on both overall health and oral health, serving as a contributing factor to the global increasing incidence in oral diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity, and diabetes. In response to the health risks related to high-sugar diets, the World Health Organization (WHO) and World Dental Federation (FDI) have proposed initiatives and recommendations, with various governments implementing different policies and strategies to reduce sugar intake. Chinese government has also taken proactive measures. The "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" initiative introduced by the State Council in 2019 established a crucial benchmark in limiting the average daily intake of added sugar to 25 g per person forward to 2030. Experts from Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the field of oral health have meticulously examined the impacts of sugar reduction on oral health, as well as strategies, methods, and practical considerations related to reducing sugar intake through several meeting and wrote the "Expert consensus: reducing free-sugar for caries prevention", which was subsequently reviewed and revised based on the feedback from multiple stakeholders. They have conducted thorough analyses of global trends in sugar reduction and best practices to provide valuable insights to China for crafting effective policies and strategies on sugar reduction. This consensus mainly includes the classification of free sugars, the latest scientific evidence on dental caries, recommendations from WHO on sugar-sweetened beverage taxes, nutrition labeling, advertising, food reform, adjusting supply systems, education, and promotion strategies, as well as sugar reduction actions taken by various governments around the world. Combining the actual situation in China, policy recommendations and authoritative popular science knowledge on sugar reduction for caries prevention to public are proposed to advocate for experts in multiple fields to focus on sugar reduction for caries prevention, promote the work process, and provide the scientific basis for oral health educators.

Objective:To investigate whether Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) induces ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells and predict the Hub genes. Methods:Firstly, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with Pg (W83) for 4 h, and transmission electron microscopy was used to observe ferroptosis-related morphological characteristics. Subsequently, RNA was extracted from HUVEC before and after Pg stimulation for transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). Enrichment analysis was performed to determine if differentially expressed genes (DEG) associated with ferroptosis. Ferroptosis-related DEG (Fer-DEG) were identified and then underwent gene ontology (GO) functional annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and Hub gene prediction. Next, based on RNA-seq results, HUVEC were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Established ferroptosis markers were detected. The indices and detection methods were as follows: cell viability via cell counting kit-8; reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the DCFH-DA probe; Fe2?, lipid peroxides (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH/GSSG) with commercial kits; mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) using the JC-1 probe; solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2), and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expressions by Western blotting (WB) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Finally, RT-qPCR was used to validate the expression of predicted Hub genes in HUVEC after 24 h LPS stimulation, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2).Results:The mitochondria exhibited size reduction and cristae loss in Pg-stimulated HUVEC. DEG of HUVEC between the Pg-infected and control groups were enriched in the pathway of ferroptosis, and from which 56 Fer-DEG were identified. GO analysis showed enrichment in in responses to TNF, LPS, biotic stimulus, etc. and KEGG analysis revealed enrichment in TNF, C-type lectin receptor, and IL-17 signaling pathways, etc. In the 56-gene PPI network, TNF, IL-6, and PTGS2 were predicted as Hub genes, which were significantly associated with ferroptosis-related pathways, including unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and ROS metabolic process regulation. Compared to the control group [(100.00±1.44)%], LPS significantly reduced HUVEC viability [(66.77±1.80)%], which could be ameliorated by Fer-1 [(84.50±1.47)%] ( P<0.05). The ROS fluorescence intensity in the LPS group (1 523.00±250.70) was significantly higher than in the control (328.20±38.68) or LPS+Fer-1 (753.30±67.11) group (all P<0.05). The Fe2?, LPO, and MDA levels in the LPS group [(29.83±4.25) μmol/10 6 cells, (3.58±0.24) μmol/gprot, (5.54±0.33) μmol/gprot, respectively] were significantly higher than both the control group [(7.29±0.79) μmol/10 6 cells, (1.08±0.05) μmol/gprot, (2.06±0.17) μmol/gprot] and the LPS+Fer-1 group [(16.33±1.63) μmol/10 6 cells, (2.01±0.09) μmol/gprot, (3.24±0.26) μmol/gprot]. Furthermore, the GSH/GSSG ratio in the LPS group (2.17±0.08) was considerably lower than both the control group (6.96±0.20) and the LPS+Fer-1 group (4.31±0.81) (all P<0.05). The JC-1 aggregate/monomer fluorescence intensity ratio of the LPS group (0.46±0.07) was markedly lower than the control group (285.60±160.40), while Fer-1 pretreatment (1.53±0.17) obviously mitigated this decrease (all P<0.05). SLC7A11, SLC3A2, and GPX4 protein and mRNA expression levels in the LPS group were dramatically lower than both the control group and the Fer-1+LPS group ( P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of TNF, IL-6, and PTGS2 in the LPS group were strongly upregulated compared to the control group, and the expressions of these three factors in the LPS+Fer-1 group were significantly lower than those in the LPS group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Pg drives ferroptosis in vascular endothelial cells, with TNF, IL-6, and PTGS2 identified as the potential novel Hub genes in this process.

Neuroimaging plays a vital role in researching the pathological mechanism of psychiatric disorders. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) non-invasively records the weak magnetic fields generated by neuronal activity, detecting spontaneous brain activity and magnetic responses evoked by auditory, visual, and other stimuli. It offers high temporal and spatial resolution. This article mainly reviews the applications of MEG in psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer′s disease, schizophrenia, depression, etc., to provide new insights for exploring the pathophysiological mechanism of psychiatric disorders.

Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)is a ubiquitous respiratory virus that affects individuals of all ages;however,there is a notable lack of targeted treatments.RSV infection is associated with a range of respi-ratory symptoms,including bronchiolitis and pneumonia.Baicalin(BA)exhibits significant therapeutic effects against RSV infection through mechanisms of viral inhibition and anti-inflammatory action.Nonetheless,the clinical application of BA is constrained by its low solubility and bioavailability.In this study,we prepared BA nanodrugs(BA NDs)with enhanced water solubility utilizing the supramolecular self-assembled strategy,and we further conducted a comparative analysis of this pharmacological activity between free drugs and NDs of BA.Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that BA NDs significantly enhanced the dual effects of viral inhibition and inflammation relief compared to free BA,attributed to prolonged lung retention,improved cellular uptake,and increased targeting affinity.Our study confirms that the nanosizing strategy,a straightforward approach to enhance drug solubility,can also increase biological activity compared to free drugs with the same content,thereby providing a potential ND for RSV treatment.This correlation analysis between the existing forms of drugs and their biological activity offers a novel perspective for research on the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine.

To analyze the standard establishment approach and compilation rationale for metallic pharmaceutical packaging standard development in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China.This article systematically explained the background and process of establishing the guiding principles for metallic materials and containers used in pharmaceutical packaging in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia through basic information,relevant domestic and international standards,the establishment of key quality attributes of metallic pharmaceutical packaging materials,and the construction of metallic pharmaceutical packaging material standards.The newly established guidelines,the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China 9625,prioritized product critical quality attributes(CQAs)and real-world applicability.This dual emphasis on rigidity and adaptability enhances drug safety,meets the regulatory requirements,and promotes the globalization and scientific advancement of China's pharmaceutical packaging industry.

Objective To summarize the perioperative nursing experience for patients undergoing high-risk complex percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with the support of the percutaneous transvalvular left-ventricular assist system(SynFlow 3.0),and to explore the role of nursing interventions in improving procedural success and promoting patient recovery.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 26 patients who underwent SynFlow 3.0-assisted high-risk complex PCI in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University between Aug 2022 and Jul 2024.Stage-specific comprehensive nursing interventions were implemented throughout the perioperative period:Preoperatively,personalized nutritional support and cardiac function optimization were provided for patients with nutritional risk(NRS≥3),hypoalbuminemia(Alb<30 g/L),or an early warning score≥4.Intraoperatively,the SynFlow 3.0 operational procedures were standardized,with reinforcement of aseptic techniques and hemodynamic monitoring.Postoperatively,patients were transferred to the ICU for continuous monitoring of circulatory parameters(blood pressure,central venous pressure,urine output,etc.)and hemolysis-related indicators,alongside active prevention of vascular complications,vagal reflex,and thrombotic events.Results The procedural success rate was 100%in all 26 patients,with no severe complications occurring.Nursing interventions effectively maintained an intraoperative mean arterial pressure≥60 mmHg.Postoperative circulatory parameters remained stable(systolic blood pressure 90-130 mmHg,urine output>50 mL/h),and no thrombotic or hemolytic events were reported.The left ventricular ejection fraction significantly increased from 32.44%±4.46%preoperatively to 38.55%±5.42%at 30 days postoperatively,and the difference was statistically significant(t=16.065,P<0.001).Conclusion The implementation of a full-process comprehensive nursing strategy for patients undergoing SynFlow 3.0-assisted high-risk complex PCI effectively stabilizes perioperative hemodynamics,reduces the risk of complications,ensures procedural safety,and promotes cardiac function recovery.