Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is one of the main causes of visual impairment in middle-aged and elderly people,and the incidence of this disease is rising in our country.The imbalance of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the main cause of nAMD.In addition,various growth factors other than VEGF,complement system activation,inflammatory factors,autophagy,and many other factors are involved in the pathogenesis of nAMD.Currently,intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs has become the first-line regimen for the treatment of nAMD,but there are still many shortcomings of the current anti-VEGF drugs,such as multiple potential risks of frequent injections,insensitive responses in some patients,and low compliance of the patients,etc.Therefore,the search for novel therapeutic agents has become urgent.This article provides a review of new developments in the study of novel drugs newly marketed and undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of nAMD,with the aim of seeking longer-lasting and better-acting therapeutic regimens,as well as exploring new therapeutic targets,to further inform the advancement of innovation and development of therapeutic strategies for nAMD.

Objective : To evaluate the prognostic value of a radiomics model based on the peritumoral region of gli- oma． Methods : 138 patients with glioma were retrospectively analyzed ，medical imaging interaction toolkit ( MITK) software was used to obtain the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of peritumoral area 5 mm，10 mm and 20 mm from the tumor edge and extract texture features．The texture features were screened the radiomics model was established and the radiomic score was calculated．A clinical prediction model and a combined predic- tion model along with Rad-score and clinical risk factors were established．The combined prediction model was dis- played as a nomogram，and the predictive performance of the model for survival in glioma patients was evaluated. Results : In the validation set，the C-index value of the radiomics model based on the peritumoral region 10 mm a- way from the tumor edge based on T2 weighted image (T2WI) images was 0. 663 (95% CI = 0. 72－0. 78) ，resul- ting in the best prediction performance．On the training set and validation set，the C-index of the nomogram was 0. 770 and 0. 730，respectively，indicating that the prediction performance of nomogram was better than those of the radiomics model and clinical prediction model．The model had the highest prediction effect on the 3-year survival rate of glioma patients (training set area under curve (AUC) = 0. 93，95% CI = 0. 83 － 0. 98 ; validation set AUC = 0. 88，95% CI = 0. 76 －0. 99) ．The calibration curve showed that the joint prediction nomogram in both the training set and the validation set had good performance． Conclusion The combined prediction model based on the preoperative T2WI images in the peritumoral region 10 mm from the tumor edge and the clinicopathological risk factors can accurately predict the prognosis of glioma，providing the best effect of prediction on the 3-year survival rate of glioma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus extended-release (Tac-ER) in the early stage after kidney transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 68 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from 34 pairs of renal allografts were retrospectively analyzed. Two recipients who received bilateral kidneys from the same donor were treated with Tac-ER (Tac-ER group) and tacrolimus immediate-release (Tac-IR) (Tac-IR group) as one of the basic immunosuppressant. The changes of tacrolimus dosage and blood concentration, intra-patient variability (IPV), renal function, incidence of acute rejection, recipient and allograft survival rates and adverse events were statistically compared between two groups. Results The average daily dose of tacrolimus in the Tac-ER group was significantly higher than that in the Tac-IR group (F=8.386, P=0.005). In the Tac-ER group, the mean trough concentration at postoperative 4 d was (6.14±4.04) ng/mL, did not reach the target concentration, significantly lower than (9.41±5.47) ng/mL in the Tac-IR group (F=7.854, P=0.007). In the Tac-ER group, the IPV of trough concentration of tacrolimus within postoperative 1 month was significantly higher than that in the Tac-IR group (0.44±0.15 vs. 0.36±0.12, P=0.032). At postoperative 6 months, there was no significant difference in the renal function between two groups [serum creatinine level was (126±26) μmol/L vs. (120±28) μmol/L, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was (56±13) mL/(min·1.73 m²) vs. (60±15) mL/(min·1.73 m²), both P > 0.05]. The allograft and recipient survival rates were 100% in both groups. The incidence of acute rejection within postoperative 1 month was 18% in the Tac-ER group and 3% in the Tac-IR group, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The overall incidence of adverse events was 94% in the Tac-ER group and 97% in the Tac-IR group, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions The efficacy and safety of Tac-ER are equivalent to those of Tac-IR, whereas a higher dose of Tac-ER should be orally given to reach the blood concentration similar to that of Tac-IR. During early-stage drug treatment, Tac-ER should be orally given before kidney transplantation or inittally with loading dose, aiming to increase the systemic exposure to tacrolimus early after kidney transplantation and prevent acute rejection caused by insufficient exposure.

Public exposure to radon has attracted increasing public concern. The newly issued "Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022)" has revised the radiological parameters of radon. This study analyzed and discussed the relevant technical contents about the derivation of radon limit, including the distribution level for indoor radon, exposure pathway, health effects, and the process for establishing the standard limits. Specific implementation and evaluation suggestions are also proposed.
Humans ; Radon/analysis* ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; China ; Housing

Objective:We employ different regimens of induction therapy in living donor ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation(ABOi-KT) recipients to compare their clinical outcomes during 6 months post-KT.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted for the relevant clinical data of 41 ABOi-KT recipients from June 2018 to September 2022.Thirteen recipients on induction therapy of anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobin(pATG)were enrolled in pATG group; 19 recipients on induction therapy of basiliximab in basiliximab group; 9 recipients on induction therapy of rabbit anti-human thymocyte immunoglobulin(rATG)in rATG group.Differences in age, gender, body mass index(BMI), dialysis modality/duration, sideness of donor kidney, frequency of blood group antibody treatment, dose of rituximab, basic blood group antibody titers of IgG/IgM, and the gender and BMI of recipient's donor were compared for three groups.Immune status was assessed by comparing absolute lymphocyte count before pre-treatment and within 6 months post-KT in recipients under different induction regimens among 3 groups by one-way analysis of variance.Transplant kidney function was assessed by comparing the levels of serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)and serum urea nitrogen using one-way analysis of variance.The incidence of delayed graft function(DGF), acute rejection(AR)and infection was compared among three groups.Results:Regarding baseline profiles, except for donor age pATG group[(60.23±6.10)years]versus basiliximab group[(51.95±6.97)years]was statistically significant( P=0.002), the differences in the remaining parameters were not statistically significant among three groups(all P>0.05). At Day 1/3/7/10/14 post-KT, absolute lymphocyte counts were(0.17±0.07)×10 9/L, (0.27±0.14)×10 9/L, (0.85±0.40)×10 9/L, (1.05±0.56)×10 9/L and(1.10±0.56)×10 9/L in pATG group and(0.69±0.04)×10 9/L, (0.18±0.21)×10 9/L, (0.57±0.44)×10 9/L, (0.67±0.45)×10 9/L and(0.81±0.46)×10 9/L in rATG group respectively.They were all higher than those in basiliximab group[(0.46±0.18)×10 9/L, (0.67±0.26)×10 9/L, (1.29±0.48)×10 9/L, (1.56±0.49)×10 9/L, (1.75±0.53)×10 9/L]and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). No statistically significant difference existed in absolute lymphocyte count among 3 groups before pre-treatment and after Day 21 post-KT(all P>0.05). At Week 1/2/4/12/24 post-KT, the differences in serum levels of creatinine and urea nitrogen were not statistically significant( P>0.05). At Month 1/3 post-KT, eGFR was(47.24±14.51)and(49.94±14.31)ml·min -1·(1.73 2) -1 in rATG group and they were lower than(67.36±21.60)and(65.00±14.67)ml·min -1·(1.73 2) -1 in basiliximab group with a statistically significant difference( P<0.05). However, at Week 1/2/24 post-KT, no statistically significant difference existed in eGFR among 3 groups( P>0.05). In ATG, basiliximab and rATG groups, DGF(1 case, 1 case, 1 case), AR(2 cases, 2 cases, 1 case)and infection(4 cases, 7 cases, 3 cases)occurred during 6 months post-KT. Conclusions:Through a limited sample of single centers, no statistically significant difference existed in graft function recovery for ABOi-KT recipients on induction therapies of pATG, basiliximab and rATG.And DGF, AR and infections occurred in all three groups.However, there were little inter-group differences.

Public exposure to radon has attracted increasing public concern. The newly issued "Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022)" has revised the radiological parameters of radon. This study analyzed and discussed the relevant technical contents about the derivation of radon limit, including the distribution level for indoor radon, exposure pathway, health effects, and the process for establishing the standard limits. Specific implementation and evaluation suggestions are also proposed.
Humans ; Radon/analysis* ; Air Pollution, Indoor ; China ; Housing

OBJECTIVE: The individual cascades of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway and the molecular mechanism of aging have not been fully clarified. In the current study, we explored the effect of DNA polymerase delta 1 (POLD1) on the IGF-1 signaling pathway in cell aging. METHODS: First, we analyzed the relationship between IGF-1 and POLD1 expression in aging. To investigate the effect of IGF-1 on POLD1 expression and aging, the 2BS cells were incubated with young-age or old-age human serum, IGF-1 protein, or linsitinib. Next, the effect of IGF-1 on aging was examined in the 2BS cells with increased or decreased POLD1 expression to clarify the molecular mechanism. RESULTS: In this study, we found that IGF-1 expression increased and POLD1 expression decreased with aging in human serum and hippocampal tissues of SAMP8 mice, and a negative relationship between IGF-1 and POLD1 expression was observed. Furthermore, the cells cultured with old-age human serum or IGF-1 showed lower POLD1 expression and more pronounced senescence characteristics, and the effect could be reversed by treatment with linsitinib or overexpression of POLD1, while the effect of linsitinib on cell aging could be reversed with the knockdown of POLD1. CONCLUSION Taken collectively, our findings demonstrate that IGF-1 promotes aging by binding to IGF-1R and inhibiting the expression of POLD1. These findings offer a new target for anti-aging strategies.
Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology* ; Cellular Senescence ; Aging ; Hippocampus ; DNA Polymerase III

Objective:To investigate the regulation and mechanism of chronic Trichinella spiralis ( Ts) infection on liver immunopathology in mice co-infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA( PbA). Methods:According to body weight, 64 specific pathogen free female Kunming mice (6 - 8 weeks old, weighting 22 - 25 g) were divided into 4 groups by using random number table method. Control group: uninfected; Ts group: mice were mono-infected with 30 Ts larvae by oral gavage on day 0; PbA group: mice were mono-infected with 1 × 10 6PbA-infected red blood cells in 0.1 ml of phosphate buffer (PBS) administered by intraperitoneal injection on day 121; co-infected ( Ts+PbA) group: mice were infected with 30 Ts larvae by oral gavage and intraperitoneal injected with 1 × 10 6PbA-infected red blood cells in 0.1 ml PBS on day 121 after Ts infection. There were 16 mice in each group, in which 10 mice in each group were monitored for the survival rate. The peripheral red blood cell parasitemia of PbA group and Ts + PbA group were monitored every other day by light microscope examination of Giemsa-stained thin tail-blood smears from day 3 after PbA infection. Mice were sacrificed at day 135 after Ts infection and/or at day 15 after PbA infection, the mouse body weight and liver weight were measured, and the liver index were calculated. Ts-infected mice were monitored by a light microscope examination of diaphragm compression slide. Under a light microscope, the liver pathology and liver fibrosis of mice were observed and compared with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Sirius red staining, respectively. The F4/80 + Kupffer cells in liver of mice were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results:After infection with Ts or PbA, Ts larvae cysts were observed in diaphragm tissues and PbA were observed in red blood cells under the light microscope. After PbA infection, there was no significant difference in survival rate between PbA group and Ts+ PbA group ( P > 0.05). Compared with PbA group, the peripheral red blood cell parasitemia was significantly decreased in Ts+ PbA group on days 11 and 15 after PbA infection (%: 27.104 ± 7.623 vs 45.032 ± 9.849, 60.218 ± 2.776 vs 76.778 ± 6.351, P < 0.05), and the liver index and the liver pathology score were significantly decreased in Ts+ PbA group ( P < 0.05). Sirius red staining showed that the positive area of liver fibrosis in Ts+ PbA group was significantly higher than that in PbA group ( P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining showed that the average optical density value of F4/80 + Kupffer cells in Ts+ PbA group was significantly higher than that in PbA group ( P < 0.01). Conclusion:Chronic Ts infection may reduce the peripheral red blood cell parasitemia, increase F4/80 + Kupffer cells expression in liver, and attenuate liver pathology in mice co-infected with PbA.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis* ; Animals ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Cognitive Dysfunction ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/blood* ; Mental Status and Dementia Tests ; Mice ; Middle Aged ; Models, Animal ; Morris Water Maze Test ; Parkinson Disease/diagnosis* ; ROC Curve ; Receptors, Immunologic/blood* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Parasitic diseases still remain the world's greatest health problems and cause huge economic burden in poor areas. The drugs currently used to treat protozoiases and helminthiases have certain defects, and it is urgent to develop more effective therapeutic drugs for these diseases. Berberine is one kind of important anti-inflammatory agents originally derived from Coptis rhizoma. The derivatives of berberine are obtained by modifying the structural site of berberine. In addition to its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities, berberine and its derivatives also have significant anti-parasitic activity. In this paper, we summarized recent progress in the use of berberine and its derivatives against the infections of protozoa ( Leishmania spp ., Trypanosoma spp. , Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium falciparum, and Eimeria tenella) and helminths ( Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma. japonicum, Echinococcus granulosus, and Toxocara canis), which may providea useful reference for researchers in this field.