Zhigancao Tang， derived from the Treatise on Cold Damage，is a classic and renowned formula for treating "intermittent and irregular pulse， and palpitations of the heart". It has an exquisite formulation. By replenishing Qi， nourishing Yin， activating Yang， and restoring the pulse， it achieves the dual supplementation of Yin and Yang， and the simultaneous treatment of Qi and blood. With the practical expansion by practitioners over successive dynasties， the application scope of this formula has been continuously expanding， extending from traditional cardiovascular diseases to diseases of multiple systems， fully reflecting the theoretical characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） of "treating different diseases with the same method". Modern research shows that Zhigancao Tang not only has a remarkable curative effect on cardiovascular diseases but is also widely applied to diseases of the respiratory， nervous， digestive， endocrine， oncologic， gynecologic， and otorhinolaryngologic systems， demonstrating its interdisciplinary clinical application value. At the same time， research on the mechanism of action of Zhigancao Tang is also continuously deepening. The mechanisms by which it treats diseases involve multiple aspects， including anti-arrhythmic effects， myocardial protection， anti-fibrosis， antioxidative stress and anti‑inflammatory effects， regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism， enhancing hematopoietic function， and improving hemorheology. These mechanisms work synergistically to jointly regulate the physiological functions of the body and play a role in treating diseases. However， there are still some deficiencies in current research. For example， the sample size of some clinical trials is small， most of the mechanism studies are based on animal models or in vitro experiments， there is insufficient high-quality evidence from clinical trials， the composition of the compound formula is complex， and the pharmacodynamic material basis and the rules of compatibility still need to be deeply analyzed. By consulting relevant literature， this article systematically summarizes the modern clinical application and action mechanism of Zhigancao Tang， aiming to provide new ideas for its subsequent in-depth research and clinical application， promote the integrated development of classic TCM formulas and modern medicine， and further explore its great potential in clinical treatment.

Surface proteins play pivotal roles in physiological processes, including cell recognition, signal transduction, substance transport, and immune responses. However, challenges persist in characterizing abnormal surface proteins in disease states and identifying therapeutic targets, due to the low abundance of these proteins within the total proteome and the frequent presence of their complex glycosylation modifications. Recent years have witnessed the vigorous development of chemical proteomics, leading to the successful creation of various chemical probes for the labeling and characterization of cell surface proteins. These techniques have subsequently been applied to the detection of disease surface proteins and the discovery of corresponding targets. Surface protein characterization techniques based on chemical proteomics are discussed herein, focusing on the principles of amino acid-targeted labeling, proximity labeling, and glycoprotein capture. The novelty, advantages, and limitations of techniques such as targeted lysine labeling, peroxidase and photocatalytic proximity labeling, and chemical glycan capture and metabolic glycan labeling are elaborated, and their applications across various biological models and disease types are described, aiming to provide some reference for target discovery and drug development targeting surface proteins.

Purpose: Zinc finger protein 639 (ZNF639) is often found within the overlapping amplicon of PIK3CA, and previous studies suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of esophageal and oral squamous cell carcinomas. However, its expression and significance in breast cancer remain uncharacterized. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of ZNF639 was performed using tissue microarrays.Functional studies, including colony formation, Transwell cell migration, and in vivo metastasis, were conducted on breast tumor cells with ZNF639 knockdown via small interfering RNA transfection. Results: Reduced ZNF639 immunoreactivity was observed in 82% of the breast cancer samples, independent of hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, ZNF639 expression was associated with favorable survival outcomes, including recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.89) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.16– 1.05). ZNF639 knockdown increased clonogenicity, cell motility, and lung metastasis in NOD/ SCID mice. Following the ZNF639 knockdown, the expression of Snail1, vimentin, and C-C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) was upregulated, and the changes in cell phenotype mediated by ZNF639 were reversed by the subsequent knockdown of CCL20. Conclusion Low ZNF639 expression is a novel prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer.

Pathological fractures after jaw cyst surgery are rare clinically but are a serious complication. Once a pathological fracture occurs, treatment time and economic costs increase, and doctors face difficulty in handling it. This article reports a case of a patient with mandibular pathological fractures after multiple odontogenic keratocyst surgery of the jaw. Mandibular lesions were located in the bilateral mandibular angles and had macrocystic changes. We adopted a conservative treatment plan, and the treatment effect was good. We also discussed and analyzed relevant literature to provide a reference for clinicians.
Humans ; Odontogenic Cysts/surgery* ; Conservative Treatment ; Postoperative Complications/therapy* ; Mandibular Fractures/etiology* ; Fractures, Spontaneous/etiology* ; Male ; Female

Purpose: Zinc finger protein 639 (ZNF639) is often found within the overlapping amplicon of PIK3CA, and previous studies suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of esophageal and oral squamous cell carcinomas. However, its expression and significance in breast cancer remain uncharacterized. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of ZNF639 was performed using tissue microarrays.Functional studies, including colony formation, Transwell cell migration, and in vivo metastasis, were conducted on breast tumor cells with ZNF639 knockdown via small interfering RNA transfection. Results: Reduced ZNF639 immunoreactivity was observed in 82% of the breast cancer samples, independent of hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, ZNF639 expression was associated with favorable survival outcomes, including recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.89) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.16– 1.05). ZNF639 knockdown increased clonogenicity, cell motility, and lung metastasis in NOD/ SCID mice. Following the ZNF639 knockdown, the expression of Snail1, vimentin, and C-C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) was upregulated, and the changes in cell phenotype mediated by ZNF639 were reversed by the subsequent knockdown of CCL20. Conclusion Low ZNF639 expression is a novel prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer.

The xylitol dehydrogenase(XDH)is a crucial enzyme involved in the xylose utilization in pentose-catabolizing yeasts and fungi.In addition to producing xylulose,XDH can also be employed to develop a biosensor for monitoring xylitol concentration.In this study,the gene encoding the thermophilic fungus Talaromyces emersonii XDH(TeXDH)was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)at 16 ℃ in the soluble form.Recombinant TeXDH with high purity was purified by using a Ni-NTA affinity column.Size-exclusion chromatography and SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that the puri-fied recombinant TeXDH exists as a native trimer with a molecular mass of approximately 116 kD,and is composed of three identical subunits,each with a molecular weight of around 39 kD.The TeXDH strictly preferred NAD+as a coenzyme to NADP+.The optimal temperature and pH of the TeXDH were 40 ℃and 10.0,respectively.After EDTA treatment,the enzyme activity of TeXDH decreased to 43.26％of the initial enzyme activity,while the divalent metal ions Mg2+or Ca2+could recover the enzyme activity of TeXDH,reaching 103.32％and 110.69％of the initial enzyme activity,respectively,making them the optimal divalent metal ion cofactors for TeXDH enzyme.However,the divalent metal ions of Mn2+,Ni2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Co2+,and Cd2+significantly inhibited the activity of TeXDH.ICP-MS and molecular doc-king studies revealed that 1 mol/L of TeXDH bound 2 mol/L Zn2+ions and 1 mol/L Mg2+ion.Further-more,TeXDH exhibited a high specificity for xylitol,laying the foundation for the development of future xylitol biosensors.

African swine fever(ASF)is an acute,febrile,and highly fatal disease caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV)in pigs.Given the current lack of commercial vaccines and the continu-ous evolution of ASFV in recent years,the emergence of moderately virulent genotype Ⅱ strains and the introduction of genotype Ⅰ attenuated strains have led to persistent and chronic infections in pigs.Therefore,the detection of specific antibodies against ASFV has become imperative.In this study,we established a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay(p30-cCLIA)for detecting ASFV p30 antibodies using p30 monoclonal antibodies.By detecting sera with clear negative and positive backgrounds,we determined that the Cut-off value of this method was 50％,with both di-agnostic sensitivity(Dsn)and diagnostic specificity(Dsp)reaching 100％.Under optimal reaction conditions,we screened out an enzyme-labeled stabilizer suitable for p30 monoclonal antibody 16-5E7E8-HRP.Furthermore,the sensitivity of the established p30-cCLIA method was higher than that of the commercial blocking ELISA kit(1∶2 048 vs 1∶512)and exhibited good repeatability.Detection of sera positive for other porcine virus infections showed no cross-reactivity.The estab-lishment of this method provides a powerful tool for early diagnosis of ASF.

Objective To investigate the expression of arginase Ⅱ(ArgⅡ)in kidney tissue of rats with diabetic nephropathy(DN)and its significance in the development of DN.Methods A total of 10 male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group and the model group,with 5 rats in each group.An rat model of DN was developed by feeding with high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intra-peritoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin(45 mg/kg),and they were sacrificed after 11 weeks of continued feeding.The body weight,and biochemical indexes of blood and urine of rats were determined.The right kidney was weighed and histopathological examination was performed.The pathological changes of kidney tissues and protein expression of ArgⅡ and CD68+were observed,and the immunofluores-cence double staining was used to observe the distribution and expression of ArgⅡand a marker of renal macrophage activation CD68+;the protein expression of ArgⅡ,NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 in kidney tissues was determined by Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,the ratio of kidney weight to body weight,24-hour urine volume,24-hour urine protein,fasting blood glucose,urea nitrogen and insulin level in the model group were significantly increased(P<0.05).The renal histopathology showed that the mesangial cells of the renal glomerular were necrotic with vascular dilatation,and the renal tubular epithelial cells were steatosis and congestion.Compared with the control group,the protein expression of ArgⅡ,CD68+,NF-κB,TNF-α and IL-6 in the kidney tissues of the model group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Immunofluorescence double staining demonstrated the co-expression of ArgⅡ and CD68+in renal tissue,and the fluorescence intensities of both ArgⅡ and CD68+in the model group were significantly stronger than those in the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion The expression of ArgⅡ is increased in DN,which may be participated in the occurrence of inflammatory lesions in DN.

Objective:To investigate the correlations between physical, psychological and social frailty in elderly patients with multimorbidity.Methods:This study utilized a mixed method. A questionnaire survey was conducted from February to June 2024, among elderly patients with multimorbidity attending 4 primary health care centers in urban Beijing selected by the convenience sampling method. The FRAIL Frailty Assessment Scale, WHO-5 Index of Well-Being Scale, and HALFT Scale were used to assess the patients′ physical, psychological, and social frailty, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between different dimensions of frailty in elderly with multimorbidity. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing physical, psychological and social frailty. The elderly with multimorbidity who were assessed to have at least 1 or more types of frailty in the quantitative study were selected for in-depth interviews in the form of online and offline combination. The topics of in-depth interview included the real experience of the different dimensions of frailty, the possible causes and the difficulties caused. The sample size was determined according to the principle of information saturation. Thematic analysis was used to summarize, code and analyze the interview data.Results:A total of 919 participants were included in the quantitative study, with a mean age of (74.09±6.03) years, 329(35.80%) were males and 590(64.20%) were females. The prevalence of physical, psychological, and social frailty was 17.85%(164/919), 21.44%(197/919), 11.21%(103/919), respectively. A total of 21 participants were included in the qualitative study, with a mean age (76.90±5.13)years, 5(23.81%) males and 16(76.19%) females. Spearman correlation analysis showed that physical and psychological frailty were moderately correlated ( r=0.311, P<0.001), psychological and social frailty were weakly correlated ( r=0.218, P<0.001), and physical and social frailty were weakly correlated ( r=0.267, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, the number of multimorbidities, the psychological frailty and social frailty were the influencing factors for physical frailty (all P<0.05). The gender, number of multimorbidity, type of medication taken, physical frailty and social frailty were influencing factors of psychological frailty (all P<0.05). And age, number of multimorbidities, physical frailty and psychological frailty were influencing factors of social frailty (all P<0.05). A total of 3 themes were extracted through in-depth interviews, namely, "physical and psychological frailty are interrelated""physical and social frailty are interrelated", and "psychological and social frailty are interrelated". Conclusions:The physical, psychological, and social frailty in elderly patients with multimorbidity interacts with each other. Whereas the number of multimorbidities is a common risk factor for all three.

Purpose: Zinc finger protein 639 (ZNF639) is often found within the overlapping amplicon of PIK3CA, and previous studies suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of esophageal and oral squamous cell carcinomas. However, its expression and significance in breast cancer remain uncharacterized. Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of ZNF639 was performed using tissue microarrays.Functional studies, including colony formation, Transwell cell migration, and in vivo metastasis, were conducted on breast tumor cells with ZNF639 knockdown via small interfering RNA transfection. Results: Reduced ZNF639 immunoreactivity was observed in 82% of the breast cancer samples, independent of hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, ZNF639 expression was associated with favorable survival outcomes, including recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.14–0.89) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.16– 1.05). ZNF639 knockdown increased clonogenicity, cell motility, and lung metastasis in NOD/ SCID mice. Following the ZNF639 knockdown, the expression of Snail1, vimentin, and C-C chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) was upregulated, and the changes in cell phenotype mediated by ZNF639 were reversed by the subsequent knockdown of CCL20. Conclusion Low ZNF639 expression is a novel prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival in patients with breast cancer.