1.Deep Learning-Based Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Coronary Artery Calcium-Scoring CT for Pulmonary Nodule Detection: A Preliminary Study
Seung Yun LEE ; Ji Weon LEE ; Jung Im JUNG ; Kyunghwa HAN ; Suyon CHANG
Yonsei Medical Journal 2025;66(4):240-248
Purpose:
To evaluate the feasibility and utility of deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis (DL-CAD) for the detection of pulmonary nodules on coronary artery calcium (CAC)-scoring computed tomography (CT).
Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included 273 patients (aged 63.9±13.2 years; 129 men) who underwent CACscoring CT. A DL-CAD system based on thin-section images was used for pulmonary nodule detection, and two independent junior readers reviewed the standard CAC-scoring CT scans with and without referencing DL-CAD results. A reference standard was established through the consensus of two experienced radiologists. Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and F1-score were assessed on a per-nodule and per-patient basis. The patients’ medical records were monitored until November 2023.
Results:
A total of 269 nodules were identified in 129 patients. With DL-CAD assistance, the readers’ sensitivity significantly improved (65% vs. 80% for reader 1; 82% vs. 86% for reader 2; all p<0.001), without a notable increase in the number of false-positives per case (0.11 vs. 0.13, p=0.078 for reader 1; 0.11 vs. 0.11, p>0.999 for reader 2). Per-patient analysis also enhanced sensitivity with DL-CAD assistance (73% vs. 84%, p<0.001 for reader 1; 89% vs. 91%, p=0.250 for reader 2). During follow-up, lung cancer was diagnosed in four patients (1.5%). Among them, two had lesions detected on CAC-scoring CT, both of which were successfully identified by DL-CAD.
Conclusion
DL-CAD based on thin-section images can assist less experienced readers in detecting pulmonary nodules on CACscoring CT scans, improving detection sensitivity without significantly increasing false-positives.
2.Patient with Behçet Syndrome with Subaortic Pseudoaneurysm Who Underwent the Bentall Operation Showed Improvement after Medical Treatment
Hanbyul LEE ; Chang Sin KIM ; Jo Won JUNG ; Han Ki PARK ; Jong Gyun AHN
Yonsei Medical Journal 2025;66(6):390-394
Aortic regurgitation (AR) in children is usually caused by congenital valve anomalies, and Behçet syndrome (BS) can be suspected in cases of isolated AR. Patients with BS undergoing aortic valve surgery due to aortic valve invasion have a high risk of complications, such as leakage around the valve and dehiscence. Cardiovascular involvement occurs in 7%–46% of adult patients with BS and is the main cause of mortality; however, its prevalence is unclear and rare in children. A 12-year-old boy was diagnosed with severe AR associated with BS. A progressive subaortic pseudoaneurysm was observed after aortic valve replacement. The periaortic intracardiac pouch was at risk of rupture; therefore, the patient underwent a Bentall operation. After the Bentall procedure, a newly developed subaortic pseudoaneurysm was detected below the prosthetic valve. However, the risk of rupture reduced as the subaortic pseudoaneurysm regressed with anti-inflammatory drugs alone without reoperation. Repeated surgery is inevitable in patients with BS undergoing aortic valve surgery due to the progressive chronic inflammatory reactions that present with a pseudoaneurysm. Here, we report an 8-year follow-up of a pediatric case of BS with subaortic pseudoaneurysm, highlighting the importance of close follow-up, medical management, and early diagnosis in treating this condition.
3.Hepatocellular carcinoma in Korea: an analysis of the 2016-2018 Korean Nationwide Cancer Registry
Jihyun AN ; Young CHANG ; Gwang Hyeon CHOI ; Won SOHN ; Jeong Eun SONG ; Hyunjae SHIN ; Jae Hyun YOON ; Jun Sik YOON ; Hye Young JANG ; Eun Ju CHO ; Ji Won HAN ; Suk Kyun HONG ; Ju-Yeon CHO ; Kyu-Won JUNG ; Eun Hye PARK ; Eunyang KIM ; Bo Hyun KIM
Journal of Liver Cancer 2025;25(1):109-122
Background:
s/Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in South Korea. This study evaluated the characteristics of Korean patients newly diagnosed with HCC in 2016-2018.
Methods:
Data from the Korean Primary Liver Cancer Registry (KPLCR), a representative database of patients newly diagnosed with HCC in South Korea, were analyzed. This study investigated 4,462 patients with HCC registered in the KPLCR in 2016-2018.
Results:
The median patient age was 63 years (interquartile range, 55-72). 79.7% of patients were male. Hepatitis B infection was the most common underlying liver disease (54.5%). The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system classified patients as follows: stage 0 (14.9%), A (28.8%), B (7.5%), C (39.0%), and D (9.8%). The median overall survival was 3.72 years (95% confidence interval, 3.47-4.14), with 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates of 71.3%, 54.1%, and 44.3%, respectively. In 2016-2018, there was a significant shift toward BCLC stage 0-A and Child-Turcotte-Pugh liver function class A (P<0.05), although survival rates did not differ by diagnosis year. In the treatment group (n=4,389), the most common initial treatments were transarterial therapy (31.7%), surgical resection (24.9%), best supportive care (18.9%), and local ablation therapy (10.5%).
Conclusions
Between 2016 and 2018, HCC tended to be diagnosed at earlier stages, with better liver function in later years. However, since approximately half of the patients remained diagnosed at an advanced stage, more rigorous and optimized HCC screening strategies should be implemented.
4.Baseline Impedance via Manometry Predicts Pathological Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance in Isolated Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Symptoms
Yen-Ching WANG ; Chen-Chi WANG ; Chun-Yi CHUANG ; Yung-An TSOU ; Yen-Chun PENG ; Chi-Sen CHANG ; Han-Chung LIEN
Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility 2025;31(1):63-74
Background/Aims:
Distal mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) measuring via pH-impedance may be valuable in diagnosing patients with suspected laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). However, its wide adoption is hindered by cost and invasiveness. This study investigates whether baseline impedance measured during high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM-BI) can predict pathological MNBI.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study in Taiwan included 74 subjects suspected of LPR, who underwent HRIM (MMS) and pH-impedance testing (Diversatek), after stopping proton pump inhibitors for more than 7 days. Subjects with grade C or D esophagitis or Barrett’s esophagus were excluded. The cohort was divided into 2 groups: those with concomitant typical reflux symptoms (CTRS, n = 28) and those with isolated LPR symptoms (ILPRS, n = 46). HRIM-BI measurements focused on both distal and proximal esophagi. Pathological MNBI was identified as values below 2065 Ω, measured 3 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter.
Results:
In all subjects, distal HRIM-BI values correlated weakly with distal MNBI(r = 0.34-0.39, P < 0.005). However, in patients with ILPRS, distal HRIM-BI corelated moderately with distal MNBI(r = 0.43-0.48, P < 0.005). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.78 (P = 0.001) with a sensitivity of 0.83 and a specificity of 0.68. No correlation exists between distal HRIM-BI and distal MNBI in patients with CTRS, and between proximal HRIM-BI and proximal MNBI in both groups.
Conclusions
Distal HRIM-BI from HRIM may potentially predict pathological MNBI in patients with ILPRS, but not in those with CTRS. Future outcome studies linked to the metric are warranted.
5.Identification of Chemical Constituents of Bidens pilosa and Analysis of Its Anti-gastric Cancer Cell Proliferation Activity in Vitro
Yu HAN ; Chang LIU ; Jiao LIU ; Tao ZHANG ; Zhongmei ZOU
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2025;31(2):154-164
ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents of Bidens pilosa and the in vitro antiproliferative activity of some compounds against gastric cancer cells. MethodsThe chemical constituents were isolated and purified by methods such as silica gel column chromatography, preparative thin layer chromatography, medium pressure preparation chromatography, semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and recrystallization, their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties, spectral data and circular dichroism spectra. Thiazole blue(MTT) assay was used to determine the in vitro inhibitory activityies of some isolated compounds against human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells, and molecular docking was used to predict their potential targets. ResultsTwenty-five compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether fraction of B. pilosa and identified as bidpillignan A(
6.Stress Accelerates Depressive-Like Behavior through Increase of SPNS2 Expression in Tg2576 Mice
Seung Sik YOO ; Yuri KIM ; Dong Won LEE ; Hyeon Joo HAM ; Jung Ho PARK ; In Jun YEO ; Ju Young CHANG ; Jaesuk YUN ; Dong Ju SON ; Sang-Bae HAN ; Jin Tae HONG
Biomolecules & Therapeutics 2025;33(3):417-428
To investigate the relationship between depression and AD, water avoidance stress (WAS) was induced for 10 days in both Tg2576 mice and wild-type (WT) mice. After WAS, memory function and depressive-like behavior were investigated in Tg2576 mice. Tg2576 WAS mice exhibited more depressive-like behaviors than WT WAS and Tg2576 control (CON) mice. Strikingly, Tg2576 CON mice showed more depressive-like behaviors than WT mice. Moreover, corticosterone and phospho-glucocorticoid receptor (p-GR) levels were also higher in Tg2576 WAS mice in comparison to Tg2576 CON mice. Spinster homologue 2 (SPNS2) is a member of non-ATP-dependent transporter. The role of SPNS2 was widely known as a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) transporter, which export intracellular S1P from cells. Using GEO database to analyze SPNS2 gene expression changes in patients with AD and depression, we show that SPNS2 gene expression correlates with AD and depression. Interestingly, Tg2576 WAS mice displayed significantly increased levels of SPNS2 w1hen compared to Tg2576 CON counterparts. SPNS2 levels were also higher in Tg2576 CON mice in comparison with WT CON mice. Remarkably, we found a decrease in S1P brain levels and an increase in S1P serum levels of Tg2576 WAS mice in comparison with Tg2576 CON mice. Accordingly, WAS induced group further decreased S1P levels in the brains. However, the level in the serum further increased in comparison with non-induced group. Therefore, these results suggest that AD and depression could be associated, and that Tg2576 transgenic mice are more susceptible to stress-induced depression through the release of S1P by SPNS2 up-regulation.
7.Higher Microbial Abundance and Diversity in Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphomas Than in Non-cancerous Lung Tissues
Jung Heon KIM ; Jae Sik KIM ; Noorie CHOI ; Jiwon KOH ; Yoon Kyung JEON ; Ji Hyun CHANG ; Eung Soo HWANG ; Il Han KIM
Cancer Research and Treatment 2025;57(2):580-589
Purpose:
It is well known that the majority of the extranodal marginal zone lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT lymphomas) are associated with microbiota, e.g., gastric MALT lymphoma with Helicobacter pylori. In general, they are very sensitive to low-dose radiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents. The microbiota profile is not clearly elucidated in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) lymphoma, a rare type of MALT lymphoma in the lung. Thus, this study aimed to clarify the intratumor microbiome in BALT lymphoma using the third-generation next-generation sequencing (NGS) method.
Materials and Methods:
DNAs were extracted from 12 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues obtained from BALT lymphoma patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2016. 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Amplicons were sequenced using a Nanopore platform. Next-generation sequencing analysis was performed to assess microbial profiles. For comparison, FFPE specimens from nine non-cancerous lung tissues were also analyzed.
Results:
Specific bacterial families including Burkholderiaceae, Bacillaceae, and Microbacteriaceae were associated with BALT lymphoma by a linear discriminant analysis effect size approach. Although the number of specimens was limited, BALT lymphomas exhibited significantly higher microbial abundance and diversity with distinct microbial composition patterns and correlation networks than non-cancerous lung tissues.
Conclusion
This study provides the first insight into intratumor microbiome in BALT lymphoma using the third-generation NGS method. A distinct microbial composition suggests the presence of a unique tumor microenvironment of BALT lymphoma.
8.Fecal Microbial Dysbiosis Is Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in a Korean Population
Jeongseon KIM ; Madhawa GUNATHILAKE ; Hyun Yang YEO ; Jae Hwan OH ; Byung Chang KIM ; Nayoung HAN ; Bun KIM ; Hyojin PYUN ; Mi Young LIM ; Young-Do NAM ; Hee Jin CHANG
Cancer Research and Treatment 2025;57(1):198-211
Purpose:
The association between the fecal microbiota and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has been suggested in epidemiologic studies. However, data from large-scale population-based studies are lacking.
Materials and Methods:
In this case-control study, we recruited 283 CRC patients from the Center for Colorectal Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, Korea to perform 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. A total of 283 age- and sex-matched healthy participants were selected from 890 cohort of healthy Koreans that are publicly available (PRJEB33905). The microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) was calculated based on the differentially abundant species. The association between MDI and CRC risk was observed using conditional logistic regression. Sparse Canonical Correlation Analysis was performed to integrate species data with microbial pathways obtained by PICRUSt2.
Results:
There is a significant divergence of the microbial composition between CRC patients and controls (permutational multivariate analysis of variance p=0.001). Those who were in third tertile of the MDI showed a significantly increased risk of CRC in the total population (odds ratio [OR], 6.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.98 to 12.06; p-trend < 0.001) compared to those in the lowest tertile. Similar results were found for men (OR, 6.28; 95% CI, 3.04 to 12.98; p-trend < 0.001) and women (OR, 7.39; 95% CI, 3.10 to 17.63; p-trend < 0.001). Bacteroides coprocola and Bacteroides plebeius species and 12 metabolic pathways were interrelated in healthy controls that explain 91% covariation across samples.
Conclusion
Dysbiosis in the fecal microbiota may be associated with an increased risk of CRC. Due to the potentially modifiable nature of the gut microbiota, our findings may have implications for CRC prevention among Koreans.
9.In-room cytologic evaluation by trained endosonographer for determination of procedure end in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy of solid pancreatic lesions: a prospective study in Taiwan
Weng-Fai WONG ; Yu-Ting KUO ; Wern-Cherng CHENG ; Chia-Tung SHUN ; Ming-Lun HAN ; Chieh-Chang CHEN ; Hsiu-Po WANG
Clinical Endoscopy 2025;58(3):465-473
Background/Aims:
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) is an essential tool for tissue acquisition in solid pancreatic tumors. Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) by cytologists ensures diagnostic accuracy. However, the universal application of the ROSE is limited by its availability. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of determining the end of the procedure based on the results of in-room cytological evaluation by trained endosonographers (IRCETE).
Methods:
A training course focusing on the cytological interpretation of common pancreatic tumors was provided to the three endosonographers. After training, the decision to terminate EUS-FNB was made based on IRCETE results. The diagnostic accuracy, concordance rate of diagnostic categories, and sample adequacy were compared with those determined by board-certified cytologists and macroscopic on-site evaluation (MOSE).
Results:
We enrolled 65 patients with solid pancreatic tumors, most of whom were malignant (86.2%). The diagnostic accuracy was 90.8% when the end of the procedure was determined based on IRCETE, compared to 87.7% and 98.5% when determined by MOSE and cytologists, respectively (p=0.060). Based on the cytologists’ results, the accuracy of IRCETE in diagnostic category interpretation was 97.3%.
Conclusions
In the absence of ROSE, IRCETE can serve as a supplementary alternative to MOSE in determining the end of tissue sampling with a high accuracy rate.
10.Additional Screw Added to the Femoral Neck System Could Enhance the Stability of Pauwel Type III Femoral Neck Fractures:a Finite Element Analysis
Yonghan CHA ; Sunghoon PARK ; Chang-Ho JUNG ; Jin-Woo KIM ; Jun-Il YOO ; Jung-Taek KIM ; Yongho JEON ; Kyeong Jin HAN
Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery 2025;17(2):204-215
Background:
This study explores effective fixation methods for Pauwel type III femoral neck fractures by evaluating the biomechanical benefits of adding a screw to the Femoral Neck System (FNS).
Methods:
Computed tomography (CT) scans of an 82-year-old female patient with an intertrochanteric fracture were used to establish a finite element femur model with heterogeneous material properties. Finite element models of Pauwel type III fractures were created with and without an additional screw. The central and inferior trajectories of the FNS bolt were examined separately and combined with an additional screw for virtual fixation. Walking and stair-climbing loads were applied.
Results:
With the addition of a screw, both peak maximum and minimum principal strains consistently stayed comparable or decreased in models with both central and inferior bolt trajectories, while the volume of elements with principal strain exceeding 1% decreased by more than half. The peak von Mises stress observed in the implants ranged from 215.7 to 359.3 MPa, remaining below the titanium alloy's yield strength of 800 MPa. For normal walking, the addition of a screw to the central bolt trajectory model decreased the fracture gap by 50.6% and reduced sliding distance by 8.6%. For the inferior bolt trajectory, the gap was reduced by 57.9% and sliding distance by 25.0%.Under stair-climbing conditions, these improvements were also evident; the central trajectory model saw a halved fracture gap and a 7.9% decrease in sliding distance, while the inferior trajectory model experienced a 55.7% gap reduction and a 27.2% decrease in sliding distance. The additional screw increased the area ratio of the fracture site experiencing interfragmentary compression 34%–39%, while the additional screw alleviated peak interfragmentary compression by 12%–18% under both normal walking and stair-climbing conditions.
Conclusions
The addition of a screw reduced the fracture gap, sliding distance, and peak interfragmentary compression, while increasing the area ratio of interfragmentary compression under both walking and stair-climbing loads, regardless of the FNS bolt trajectory, suggesting a better mechanical environment for fracture healing.

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