Objective To investigate the regulatory mechanism of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in different types of mitral valvular disease (MVD) with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods From August 2011 to August 2012, patients with moderate to severe MVD accompanied by AF who required mitral valve replacement at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, were included. Based on echocardiographic results, patients were divided into two groups: a mitral regurgitation (MR) with AF (MR-AF) group and a mitral stenosis (MS) with AF (MS-AF) group. Left atrial tissue samples were collected during surgery. Techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were used to detect key molecules in the TGF-β1/JNK pathway. Results Sixteen patients were enrolled. There were 8 patients in the MR-AF group, including 5 males and 3 females, with an average age of (41.38±11.19) years; and 8 patients in the MS-AF group, including 6 males and 2 females, with an average age of (43.12±5.30) years. The left atrial volume load was higher in MR-AF patients, while the left atrial pressure load was higher in MS-AF patients. In MS-AF patients, the relative expression levels of MAPK9, JUN, CASP3, BAX, and BCL2 mRNA in left atrial tissues were significantly upregulated. The serum TGF-β1 protein level and the relative expression levels of p-JNK, p-c-Jun, and Caspase-3 proteins in the left atrial tissues of the MR-AF group were higher. Myocardial cell damage was more severe in the MS-AF group, and the protein expression level of Bcl-2 was higher. Conclusion Different MVD have distinct hemodynamic characteristics. The myocardium of the left atrium in MR-AF patients is more prone to apoptosis, possibly through the activation of the TGF-β1/JNK signaling pathway.

Osteoarthritis （OA） and stroke are common clinical diseases that reduce patients' quality of life and place a burden on families and society. Ruyi Zhenbaowan， a classic prescription in Tibetan medicine， have the functions of clearing heat， awakening the brain and opening orifices， relaxing tendons and promoting meridian circulation， and eliminating yellow water. Clinically， they are used to treat osteoarthritis， post-stroke sequelae， neuropathic pain， and other related conditions. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated their anti-inflammatory， analgesic， and nerve-repairing effects. However， current research remains insufficient regarding the appropriate indications， timing， and efficacy of this medicine in treating relevant diseases. To enhance clinicians' understanding of this medicine and promote its standardized and rational clinical use， a panel of national experts， including clinical specialists， Tibetan medicine practitioners， pharmacologists， and methodologists， formulated this consensus based on clinical experience and evidence-based practice. The Cochrane systematic review framework， the Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development and Evaluation （GRADE） system， and the nominal group method were employed to generate seven graded recommendations and 19 consensus-based suggestions. These recommendations clearly define the key points in the clinical application of Ruyi Zhenbaowan， including therapeutic indications， dosage and administration， treatment duration， and medication safety. The consensus specifically addresses the clinical efficacy， appropriate timing of administration， dosage strategies， treatment cycles， and combination medication strategies for treating osteoarthritis and stroke and provides an overview of safety considerations. The aim is to provide standardized guidance for hospitals and healthcare institutions nationwide to ensure the rational application of Ruyi Zhenbaowan in the treatment of osteoarthritis and stroke， reduce medication-related risks， and further leverage its clinical advantages. This consensus has been approved and issued by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， with the standard number GS/CACM 369-2024.

ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence rate of primary liver cancer （PLC） and the progression of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients with low-level viremia （LLV） （HBV DNA<2 000 IU/mL but ≥20 IU/mL） after treatment adjustment， and to provide more robust evidence for clinical practice. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of LLV patients who initially received nucleos（t）ide analogue （NAs） for at least 48 weeks at the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from August 2007 to April 2017 and subsequently underwent NAs adjustment due to LLV， and according to the virologic response after 48 weeks of treatment adjustment， the patients were divided into LLV group and complete virological response （CVR） group （HBV DNA<20 IU/mL）. The patients were followed up once every 3‍ ‍—‍ ‍6 months till the primary endpoint event of PLC or October 2024. The incidence rate of PLC and the progression of liver fibrosis were observed， and the progression of liver fibrosis was defined as an increase of ≥1 grade in fibrosis-4 （FIB-4） index. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence rate of PLC， and the Log-rank test was used for comparison between groups； the Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for PLC， and the Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for the progression of liver fibrosis. ResultsA total of 307 patients were enrolled， with a mean age of 50.0 years， and the male patients accounted for 80.5%. After 48 weeks of treatment with the adjusted NAs regimen， 254 patients （82.7%） achieved CVR， and 53 patients （17.3%） still had LLV. For the LLV group， the incidence rate of PLC was 30.2% and the rate of liver fibrosis progression was 22.6%， while for the CVR group， the incidence rate of PLC was only 13.4%， and the rate of liver fibrosis progression was 7.5%. The multivariate regression analyses showed that LLV was an independent risk factor for the onset of PLC （hazard ratio=2.623， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.315‍ ‍—‍ ‍5.234， P=0.006） and the progression of liver fibrosis （odds ratio=3.213， 95%CI： 1.385‍ ‍—‍ ‍7.455， P=0.007）. ConclusionActive adjustment of treatment is needed immediately after the diagnosis of LLV to improve CVR， and if LLV persists after treatment adjustment， it is necessary to enhance the monitoring of liver fibrosis progression and PLC， so as to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND: The level of measurable residual disease (MRD) before and after transplantation is related to inferior transplant outcomes, and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease (post-HSCT MRD) has higher prognostic value in determining risk than pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation measurable residual disease (pre-HSCT MRD). However, only a few work has been devoted to the risk factors for positive post-HSCT MRD in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study evaluated the risk factors for post-HSCT MRD positivity in patients with ALL who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). METHODS: A total of 1683 ALL patients from Peking University People's Hospital between January 2009 and December 2019 were enrolled to evaluate the cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD. Cox proportional hazard regression models were built for time-to-event outcomes. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine independent influencing factors from the univariable analysis. RESULTS: Both in total patients and in T-cell ALL or B-cell ALL, pediatric or adult, human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor transplantation or haploidentical SCT subgroups, positive pre-HSCT MRD was a risk factor for post-HSCT MRD positivity ( P  <0.001 for all). Disease status (complete remission 1 [CR1] vs . ≥CR2) was also a risk factor for post-HSCT MRD positivity in all patients and in the B cell-ALL, pediatric, or haploidentical SCT subgroups ( P  = 0.027; P  = 0.003; P  = 0.035; P  = 0.003, respectively). A risk score for post-HSCT MRD positivity was developed using the variables pre-HSCT MRD and disease status. The cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD positivity was 12.3%, 25.1%, and 38.8% for subjects with scores of 0, 1, and 2-3, respectively ( P  <0.001). Multivariable analysis confirmed the association of the risk score with the cumulative incidence of post-HSCT MRD positivity and relapse as well as leukemia-free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that positive pre-MRD and disease status were two independent risk factors for post-HSCT MRD positivity in patients with ALL who underwent allo-HSCT.
Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology* ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Infant ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies

This paper primarily investigated the protective effects and potential mechanisms of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma in alleviating isoprenaline(ISO)-induced hypertrophy and damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Initially, H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used as the research subject to analyze the effects of ISO at different concentrations on cell hypertrophy and damage. On this basis, the H9c2 cardiomyocytes were divided into blank, model, and high-dose(200 μg·mL~(-1)), medium-dose(100 μg·mL~(-1)), and low-dose(50 μg·mL~(-1)) groups of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. Cell hypertrophy and damage models were induced by treating cells with 400 μmol·L~(-1) ISO for 24 hours. The Incucyte live-cell analysis system was utilized to observe the status, size changes, and confluence of the cells in each group. Cell viability was detected by using the CCK-8 assay. Western blot analysis was employed to detect the expression of Ras-associated protein 7A(RAB7A), sequestosome 1(SQSTM1/p62), autophagy-related protein Beclin1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression level of the autophagy marker Beclin1 in H9c2 cells. The results demonstrated that compared with the blank group, the model group showed a significant reduction in cell viability(P<0.01) and a marked increase in cell hypertrophy, with an average cell length growth of 13.53%. Compared with the model group, the high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma exhibited reduced hypertrophy, with respective growths of 6.89%, 8.30%, and 8.49% and a significant decrease in growth rates(P<0.01). Cell viability in the high-dose of total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma was also significantly increased(P<0.01). Western blot and immunofluorescence results indicated that compared with the blank group, the model group showed changes in Beclin1, RAB7A, and p62 expression, as well as the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, although most changes were not statistically significant. In the groups treated with total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1 and RAB7A and the LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio were significantly increased(P<0.05), while p62 expression significantly decreased(P<0.05). These findings collectively suggested that pretreatment of cells with total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma significantly enhanced autophagy activity in cells. In summary, total saponins from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma inhibit ISO-induced hypertrophy and damage in H9c2 cells by promoting autophagy, demonstrating potential cardioprotective effects and providing new insights and scientific evidence for their preventive and therapeutic use in cardiovascular diseases.
Autophagy/drug effects* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Panax/chemistry* ; Animals ; Rats ; Cell Line ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Rhizome/chemistry* ; Isoproterenol/adverse effects* ; Myocytes, Cardiac/cytology* ; Hypertrophy/drug therapy*

Through a systematic review of the literature on the treatment of eczema with Binghuang Fule Ointment, the "6+1" assessment model was used to comprehensively evaluate its clinical value, providing a basis for decisions on the allocation of medical resources, rational clinical medication use, and hospital procurement and supply of Chinese patent medicines in China. Based on the relevant standards in the Guidelines for the Management of Clinical Evidence and Value Evaluation of Drugs, diversified research methods were adopted, including evidence-based medical evidence, questionnaire surveys, and pharmacoeconomic evaluations. These methods were combined with both qualitative and quantitative research approaches, and the multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA) model was applied to perform a comprehensive evaluation of Binghuang Fule Ointment in treating eczema. Safety was evaluated based on evidence adequacy assessments and known risk evaluations, and thus the safety was rated as grade A, indicating that its risk is controllable, its safety is good, and there is sufficient evidence to confirm its safety. The evidence of effectiveness came from the results of Meta-analysis, which showed that Binghuang Fule Ointment + conventional treatment/Binghuang Fule Ointment vs conventional treatment had better clinical effective effect, and the effectiveness was rated as grade A. The economic evaluation, integrating evidence value and evidence quality results, thus the economy was rated as grade B. Innovation was evaluated based on three primary indexes and 18 secondary indexes, with Binghuang Fule Ointment's innovation rated as grade B, indicating a good level of innovation. Suitability was assessed through a questionnaire survey and Chinese patent medicine information service data, and Binghuang Fule Ointment's suitability was rated as grade B, indicating good suitability. Accessibility was assessed based on the proportion of Binghuang Fule Ointment's daily cost relative to the median disposable income of urban and rural residents. The proportion was only 0.05% in urban residents' median disposable income, and 0.14% in rural residents' median disposable income. Accessibility was rated as grade B, reflecting good accessibility. Binghuang Fule Ointment was prescribed by a senior Tibetan doctor with many years of clinical experience at the People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region. Its traditional Chinese medicine characteristics were rated as grade B. Based on the results from the "6+1" evaluation dimensions, the comprehensive value score of Binghuang Fule Ointment was calculated using CSC v2.0 software, yielding a score of 0.79, which corresponds to a class A, indicating good clinical value.
Humans ; Ointments ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Eczema/economics*

Following the core outcome set standards for development(COS-STAD), this study aims to construct core outcome set(COS) for clinical research on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of simple obesity. Firstly, a comprehensive review was conducted on the randomized controlled trial(RCT) and systematic review(SR) about TCM treatment of simple obesity that were published in Chinese and English databases to collect reported outcomes. Additional outcomes were obtained through semi-structured interviews with patients and open-ended questionnaire surveys for clinicians. All the collected outcomes were then merged and organized as an initial outcome pool, and then a preliminary list of outcomes was formed after discussion by the working group. Subsequently, two rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted with clinicians, methodology experts, and patients to score the importance of outcomes in the list. Finally, a consensus meeting was held to establish the COS for clinical research on TCM treatment of simple obesity. A total of 221 RCTs and 12 SRs were included, and after integration of supplementary outcomes, an initial outcome pool of 141 outcomes were formed. Following discussions in the steering advisory group meeting, a preliminary list of 33 outcomes was finalized, encompassing 9 domains. Through two rounds of Delphi surveys and a consensus meeting, the final COS for clinical research on TCM treatment of simple obesity was determined to include 8 outcomes: TCM symptom scores, body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio, waist circumference, visceral fat index, body fat rate, quality of life, and safety, which were classified into 4 domains: TCM-related outcomes, anthropometric measurements, quality of life, and safety. This study has preliminarily established a COS for clinical research on TCM treatment of simple obesity. It helps reduce the heterogeneity in the selection and reporting of outcomes in similar clinical studies, thereby improving the comparability of research results and the feasibility of meta-analysis and providing higher-level evidence support for clinical practice.
Humans ; Obesity/therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Treatment Outcome ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

From the perspective of competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA) constructed by metastasy-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1(Malat1) and microRNA 16-5p(miR-16-5p), the improvement mechanism of Tonggu Xiaotong Capsules(TGXTC) on the imbalance and disorder of "cholesterol-iron" metabolism in chondrocytes of osteoarthritis(OA) was explored. In vivo experiments, 60 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were acclimatized and fed for 1 week and then randomly divided into two groups: blank group(12 mice) and modeling group(48 mice). The animals in modeling group were anesthetized by 5% isoflurane inhalation, which was followed by the construction of OA model. They were then randomly divided into model group, TGXTC group, Malat1 overexpression group, and TGXTC+Malat1 overexpression(TGXTC+Malat1-OE) group, with 12 mice in each group. The structural changes of mouse cartilage tissues were observed by Masson staining after the intervention in each group. RT-PCR was employed to detect the mRNA levels of Malat1 and miR-16-5p in cartilage tissues. Western blot was used to analyze the protein expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1(ABCA1), sterol regulatory element-binding protein(SREBP), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1(CYP7B1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein(CHOP), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4), and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4) in cartilage tissues. In vitro experiments, mouse chondrocytes were induced by thapsigargin(TG), and the combination of Malat1 and miR-16-5p was detected by double luciferase assay. The fluorescence intensity of Malat1 in chondrocytes was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The miR-16-5p inhibitory chondrocyte model was constructed. RT-PCR was used to analyze the levels of Malat1 and miR-16-5p in chondrocytes under the inhibition of miR-16-5p. Western blot was adopted to analyze the regulation of TG-induced chondrocyte proteins ABCA1, SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP, ACSL4, and GPX4 by TGXTC under the inhibition of miR-16-5p. The results of in vivo experiments showed that,(1) compared with model group, TGXTC group exhibited a relatively complete cartilage layer structure. Compared with Malat1-OE group, TGXTC+Malat1-OE group showed alleviated cartilage surface damage.(2) Compared with model group, TGXTC group had a significantly decreased Malat1 mRNA level and an increased miR-16-5p mRNA level in mouse cartilage tissues(P<0.01).(3) Compared with the model group, the protein levels of ABCA1 and GPX4 in the cartilage tissue of mice in the TGXTC group increased, while the protein levels of SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP and ACSL4 decreased(P<0.01). The results of in vitro experiments show that,(1) dual-luciferase was used to evaluate that miR-16-5p has a targeting effect on the Malat1 gene.(2)Compared with TG+miR-16-5p inhibition group, TG+miR-16-5p inhibition+TGXTC group had an increased mRNA level of miR-16-5p and an decreased mRNA level of Malat1(P<0.01).(3) Compared with TG+miR-16-5p inhibition group, TG+miR-16-5p inhibition+TGXTC group exhibited increased expression of ABCA1 and GPX4 proteins and decreased expression of SREBP, CYP7B1, CHOP, and ACSL4 proteins(P<0.01). The reasults showed that TGXTC can regulate the ceRNA of Malat1 and miR-16-5p to alleviate the "cholesterol-iron" metabolism disorder of osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
Animals ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism* ; Chondrocytes/drug effects* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice ; Osteoarthritis/drug therapy* ; Iron/metabolism* ; Male ; Cholesterol/metabolism* ; Humans ; Capsules ; RNA, Competitive Endogenous

From the perspective of circular RNA forkhead box protein O3(circFOXO3) regulating glycolysis in osteoarthritis(OA) chondrocytes, this study investigated the mechanism by which Tougu Xiaotong Capsules(TGXTC) alleviated OA degeneration. In in vivo experiments, after randomized grouping and relevant interventions, morphological staining was used to observe structural changes in cartilage tissue. The mRNA level of circFOXO3 in cartilage tissue was detected by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR). Western blot analysis was used to detect changes in the expression of glucose transporter 1(GLUT1), hexokinase 2(HK2), pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA), and matrix metalloproteinase 13(MMP13). In in vitro experiments, fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) was used to detect circFOXO3 expression in chondrocytes from each group. A lentiviral vector was used to construct circFOXO3-silenced(sh-circFOXO3) chondrocytes. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the changes in circFOXO3 levels after silencing, and Western blot was used to assess the regulatory effects of TGXTC on GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and MMP13 proteins in interleukin-1β(IL-1β)-induced chondrocytes under sh-circFOXO3 conditions. Masson staining and alcian blue staining results showed that the cartilage layer structure in the TGXTC and positive drug groups was improved compared with that in the model group. The mRNA level of circFOXO3 was significantly upregulated in both the TGXTC and positive drug groups, while the expression of the above-mentioned proteins was significantly reduced. FISH results showed that TGXTC upregulated the fluorescence intensity of circFOXO3 in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. In the circFOXO3 silencing experiment, compared with the IL-1β group, circFOXO3 levels in the IL-1β + sh-circFOXO3 group were significantly decreased. Compared with the IL-1β + TGXTC group, circFOXO3 levels were significantly reduced in the IL-1β + sh-circFOXO3 + TGXTC group. Western blot results indicated that the elevated levels of GLUT1, HK2, PKM2, LDHA, and MMP13 proteins in chondrocytes of the IL-1β group were significantly inhibited by TGXTC intervention. However, this regulatory effect was attenuated after circFOXO3 silencing. In conclusion, TGXTC alleviate glycolytic metabolism disorder in OA chondrocytes and delay OA degeneration by regulating circFOXO3.
Chondrocytes/metabolism* ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; RNA, Circular/metabolism* ; Osteoarthritis/genetics* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Humans ; Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism* ; Male ; Capsules ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term clinical efficacy of external fixation and internal fixation with steel plate in the treatment of unstable distal radius fractures (AO-23C type), based on the principles of Chinese osteosynthesis (CO). METHODS: Forty-eight patients with unstable distal radius fractures between January 2022 and February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into the CO external fixation group and internal fixation group. CO external fixation group consisted of 25 patients, including 7 males and 18 females, aged from 37 to 56 years old with an average of ( 52.6±11.3) years old. Among them, there were 7 patients of traffic accidents and 18 patients of falls, resulting in a total of 25 patients of closed fractures and no open fractures, the treatment was conducted using closed reduction and CO external fixation. The internal fixation group consisted of 23 patients, comprising 8 males and 15 females, age ranged from 41 to 59 years old, with an average age of(53.3±13.7) years old. Among them, 8 patients resulted from car accidents while the remaining 15 patients were caused by falls. All 23 patients were closed fractures without any open fractures observed. The technique of open reduction and internal fixation with steel plate was employed. The perioperative data, including injury-operation time, operation duration, blood loss, and length of hospital stay, were assessed in both groups. Additionally, the QuickDASH score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were evaluated. Range of motion and grip strength assessment, imaging findings such as palmar inclination angle, ulnar declination angle, radius length, articular surface step, intra-articular space measurements were also examined along with any complications. RESULTS: The follow-up duration ranged from 0 to 24 months, with an average duration of (16.0±3.8) months. The CO external fixation exhibited significantly shorter time from injury to operation (2.4±3.3) d vs (7.4±3.7) d, shorter operation duration (56.27±15.23) min vs (74.10±5.26) min, lower blood loss (14.52±6.54) ml vs (32.32±10.03) ml, and reduced hospitalization days (14.04±3.24 )d vs (16.45±3.05) d compared to the internal fixation group (P<0.05). The QuickDASH score at 12 months post-operation was (8.21±1.64) in the CO external fixation group, while no significant difference was observed in the internal fixation group (7.04±3.64), P>0.05. There were no statistically significant differences in VAS between two groups at 6 weeks, as well as 1 and 3 months post-surgery (P>0.05). Additionally, there were no significant disparities observed in terms of range of motion and grip strength between two groups at the 2-year follow-up after the operation (P>0.05). After 12 months of surgery, the CO external fixation group exhibited a significantly smaller palmar inclination angle (17.90±2.18) ° vs (19.87±3.21) °, reduced articular surface step (0.11±0.03) mm vs (0.17±0.02) mm, and shorter radius length (8.16±1.11) mm compared to the internal fixation group (9.59±1.02) mm, P<0.05. The ulnar deviation angle and intra-articular space did not show any significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). The reduced fell within the allowable range between the CO external fixation group (23 out of 25 cases) and the internal fixation group (21 out of 23 cases) was not statistically significant (P=0.29). There was no significant difference in complications between the two groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION Both the CO external fixation and open reduction with plate internal fixation demonstrate clinical efficacy in managing unstable distal radius fractures. The CO external fixation offers advantages in shorter injury-to-operation times, reduced intraoperative blood loss, and decreased surgical durations, while radial shortening is more effectively controlled by internal fixation.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures/physiopathology* ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/methods* ; External Fixators ; Retrospective Studies ; Fracture Fixation/methods* ; Wrist Fractures