Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the left spermatic vein transposition to the great saphenous vein in treating left varicocele (VC) secondary to nutcracker syndrome (NCS). Methods: Clinical data of 8 patients treated during Feb.2020 and Feb.2023 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.A meticulous preoperative evaluation of the vascular status of the spermatic vein and the great saphenous vein was performed using color Doppler ultrasound.A spermatic vein-great saphenous vein shunt surgery was performed in patients who were strictly selected.The clinical symptoms and hemodynamics of renal vein were compared before and after operation. Results: The median age of patients was 23.5(18-33) years.There was a notable reduction in post-exercise scrotal and lower back pain in all patients，and the score of scrotal pain decreased to 0 in 7 patients. The median quantification of urinary protein was 352.8(54.4-687.3) mg prior to surgical intervention，which significantly diminished to 125.5(25.9-255.1) mg 6 months after operation.Notably，3 cases of preoperative positive urine occult blood tests were undetectable in the subsequent postoperative assessments.The median peak blood flow velocity at the site of stenosis in the left renal vein measured at 74.4(48.7-117.6) cm/s preoperatively，subsequently reduced to 45.1(25.5-61.2) cm/s postoperatively.During the 6-month follow-up，no recurrence of varicocele，vascular anastomotic stenosis or thrombosis were observed. Conclusion: Our research indicates that spermatic vein to great saphenous vein bypass is safe and feasible in the treatment of left varicocele secondary to nutcracker syndrome for strictly selected patients，which can effectively alleviate renal vein congestion without significant complications.

The genome tagging project (GTP) plays a pivotal role in addressing a critical gap in the understanding of protein functions. Within this framework, we successfully generated a human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged sperm-specific protein 411 (HA-tagged Ssp411) mouse model. This model is instrumental in probing the expression and function of Ssp411. Our research revealed that Ssp411 is expressed in the round spermatids, elongating spermatids, elongated spermatids, and epididymal spermatozoa. The comprehensive examination of the distribution of Ssp411 in these germ cells offers new perspectives on its involvement in spermiogenesis. Nevertheless, rigorous further inquiry is imperative to elucidate the precise mechanistic underpinnings of these functions. Ssp411 is not detectable in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, zygotes, or 2-cell stage embryos, highlighting its intricate role in early embryonic development. These findings not only advance our understanding of the role of Ssp411 in reproductive physiology but also significantly contribute to the overarching goals of the GTP, fostering groundbreaking advancements in the fields of spermiogenesis and reproductive biology.
Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Spermatids/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Thioredoxins/genetics*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of altitude on NIH-CPSI score in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome(CP/CPPS) Methods: Clinical data and the results of NIH-CPSI Questionnaire of the 321 patients with CP/CPPS at different altitudes were collected from March 2021 to March 2022. And the influence of altitudes on NIH-CPSI score of CP/CPPS was analyzed. RESULT: The NIH-CPSI score of patients living at an altitude of 4 300 m was significantly higher than that of patients living at an altitude of 1 500 m and 2 200 m. The CP/CPPS patients who lived in the higher altitude had more severe symptoms of pain and urination as well as lower scores of life quality (P<0.05). CONCLUSION NIH-CPSI score increased significantly with higher altitude, indicating more severe symptoms and decreased quality of life in CP/CPPS patients. These findings highlight the need for management strategies for specific heights in patients with CP/CPPS.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatitis ; Altitude ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Pelvic Pain ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Middle Aged

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.019.].

Objective To investigate the effects of DNA demethylation drugs combined with histone deacetylase in-hibitors on fragile X mental retardation 1 neighbor protein (FMR1NB) expression and its promoter methylation in human oral cancer cells and try to find a strategy of weakening the heterogeneity of FMR1NB expression.Methods Human oral cancer cell lines Cal27 and SCC-9 were treated with decitabine (DAC) , an inhibitor of DNA meth-yltransferase, combined with trichostatin A (TSA) and valproic acid (VPA), inhibitors of histone deacetylase.Then reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) , quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the expression of FMR1 NB and pyrosequencing was used to detect the methylation of FMR1NB promoter.Results Compared with the blank control group, DAC and its combination with TSA and VPA significantly induced the expression of FMR1NB mRNA and protein in Cal27 and SCC-9 cells.Compared with DAC alone group, FMR1NB mRNA expression of each DAC-combined drug groups significantly increased, but FMR1NB protein did not significantly change in Cal27 cells; for SCC-9 cells, except for DAC+TSA group, the mRNA and protein levels of FMR1NB significantly increased in all other groups.In addition, there was no signifi-cant difference in the expression of FMR1 NB mRNA and protein between the three-combined drugs group and two-combined drugs groups.Further methylation assay showed that the methylation level of the overall FMR1NB promot-er and its each CpG site measured were reduced to varying degrees in all treatment groups except for three-combina-tion drug group of SCC-9.Conclusion DAC and its combination with TSA and VPA can enhance the expression of FMR1NB by mediating the demethylation of FMR1NB promoter, wherein the enhanced expression effect of the com-bination of the two drugs is stronger, suggesting that they have the potential to weaken the heterogeneity of FMR1NB expression and improve the immunotherapy effect of oral cancer.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides in the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression.Methods An open,single-arm,multi-center design was adopted in our study.Adult patients with mild and moderate depression who had received acute treatment of Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides were enrolled and continue to receive Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules for 24 weeks,the dose remained unchanged during continuation treatment.The remission rate,recurrence rate,recurrence time,and the change from baseline to endpoint of Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD),Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Clinical Global Impression-Severity(CGI-S)and Arizona Sexual Experience Scale(ASEX)were evaluated.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was reported.Results The scores of HAMD-17 at baseline and after treatment were 6.60±1.87 and 5.85±4.18,scores of HAMA were 6.36±3.02 and 4.93±3.09,scores of CGI-S were 1.49±0.56 and 1.29±0.81,scores of ASEX were 15.92±4.72 and 15.57±5.26,with significant difference(P＜0.05).After continuation treatment,the remission rate was 54.59％(202 cases/370 cases),and the recurrence rate was 6.49％(24 cases/370 cases),the recurrence time was(64.67±42.47)days.The incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 15.35％(64 cases/417 cases).Conclusion Morinda officinalis oligosaccharides capsules can be effectively used for the continuation treatment of mild and moderate depression,and are well tolerated and safe.

Objective To investigate the effect of temozolomide(TMZ)combined with histone methyltransferase enhancer of Zeke 2(EZH2)inhibitor GSK343 on apoptosis and invasion of GH3 cells and its mechanism.Methods Different concentrations of TMZ treated cells were used to screen TMZ treated dose.GH3 cells were randomly divided into blank group,TMZ-L group(200 μmol·L-1 TMZ),TMZ-H group(400 μmol·L-1 TMZ),GSK343 group(20 μmol·L-1 GSK343)and TMZ+GSK343 group(400 μmol·L-1+20 μmol·L-1 GSK343).After 48 h of drug treatment,cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to detect cell survival rate;terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)and flow cytometry were used to detect cell apoptosis;Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion ability;Western blot assay was used to detect cell-related protein expression.Results TUNEL positive cell rates in blank group,TMZ-L group,TMZ-H group,GSK343 group and TMZ+GSK343 group were(4.31±0.71)％,(15.36±0.91)％,(22.26±2.13)％,(13.05±0.71)％and(34.55±3.75)％;cell invasion numbers were(247.67±27.23),(183.00±20.66),(152.11±8.82),(182.89±18.24)and(116.11±12.73)cells;the expression levels of Bax protein were 0.44±0.05,0.58±0.06,0.81±0.07,0.66±0.06 and 1.03±0.06;the expression of E-cadherin protein were 0.33±0.05,0.57±0.05,0.84±0.12,0.59±0.07 and 1.00±0.12;Vimentin protein expression levels were 0.91±0.14,0.72±0.09,0.62±0.07,0.77±0.08 and 0.47±0.04;phosphorylated phosphatidyl alcohol 3-kinase(p-PI3K)protein expression levels were 0.99±0.11,0.86±0.06,0.68±0.07,0.72±0.08 and 0.52±0.08;phosphorylated protein kinase B(p-AKT)protein expression levels were 1.01±0.06,0.71±0.07,0.57±0.05,0.80±0.07 and 0.43±0.04.TMZ-L group,TMZ-H group,GSK343 group and TMZ+GSK343 group had significant differences in the above indexes compared with blank group(all P＜0.05);TMZ+GSK343 group was compared with TMZ-L group TM2-H group or GSK343 group,and the above indexes were significantly difference(all P＜0.05).Conclusion TMZ combined with EZH2 inhibitor GSK343 can significantly inhibit GH3 cell invasion and induce apoptosis,which may be related to the regulation of PI3 K/AKT pathway.

Secondary organic aerosol(SOA)produced by photooxidation of styrene and other aromatic compounds is a major part of fine particles in urban atmosphere.In this study,the measurement of component and content of SOA formed from photooxidation of styrene in smog chamber using synchronous radiation vacuum-ultraviolet photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer(VUV-PIAMS)was conducted.Photoionization mass spectra of styrene SOA was detected by synchrotron radiation photon with 10.5 eV,and the proportion of main components was quantified based on the peak area of each ion peak.The photoionization efficiency curve of ion peak was obtained under synchrotron radiation photons in the range from 7.5 to 11.5 eV,and then the ionization potential was acquired for qualitative analysis of the component structure.The results showed that the photoionization mass spectra of styrene SOA mainly contained ion peaks at m/z 106,108,120 and 122,and the ionization potentials of each peak were(9.41±0.03)eV,(8.93±0.03)eV,(9.24±0.03)eV and(9.25±0.03)eV,respectively.Combined with quantum chemistry calculation and off-line measurement verification of infrared absorption spectra and electrospray ionization mass spectra,it was determined that benzaldehyde,benzyl alcohol,4-vinylphenol and benzoic acid were main components of styrene SOA,accounting for 32.5%,17.5%,25%and 15%of the measured components,respectively,and the generated quantity ratio was 13∶7∶10∶6.VUV-PIAMS could overcome the disadvantages of off-line method,and could on-line detect component and content of SOA,proving a useful tool to measure the chemical components and reveal the formation process of SOA particles.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of curcumin(CUR)on crystal-induced renal injury and its underlying mechanism in the mouse model of neph-rolithiasis.Methods The mouse model of stone for-mation was established via successive intraperitoneal injection of glyoxylate.Proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 treated with calcium oxalate monohydrate(COM)was used as an in vitro model.The protective role of CUR on nephrolithiasis was tested by determina-tion of tubular injury,crystal deposition and adhesion,levels of inflammatory cytokines.In vitro,the effects of CUR on the cell viability and inflammatory factors of HK-2 cells were measured.The proteins in the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NRF2)/hemeoxygenase-1(HO-1)signaling path-ways were measured by Western blot for confirming the relationship between CUR and these pathways.Final-ly,NRF2 inhibitor ML385 and TLR4 activator CCL-34 were respectively used on COM-induced HK-2 cells ex-posed to CUR for the conduction of gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays.Results CUR improves the damage in the mouse model of kidney stone forma-tion,inhibits inflammation and antioxidative effects;promotes the viability of HK-2 cells induced by COM,and inhibits the expression of inflammatory factors.CUR suppresses the expression of proteins in the TLR4/NF-κB pathway,promotes the transfer of NRF2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus,and enhances the ex-pression of HO-1.ML385 and CCL-34 respectively counteract the anti-inflammatory effects of CUR on COM-induced HK-2 cells.Conclusions Taken togeth-er,our study demonstrates the protective effect of CUR on the deposition of kidney stone and consequent tubu-lar injury.CUR through regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB and NRF2/HO-1 pathways improves renal injury.