Objectives: Titanium platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) usage as sustained drug delivery system (SDDS) has been recently started. Hence present study aimed to evaluate hard tissue regenerative efficacy of T-PRF clots incorporated with amoxiclav (AMX)/metronidazole (MET)eem (NE) gels individually in osseous defects created in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this in vivo animal model trial, 12 female Wistar rats were procured and subjected to ligature induced periodontitis.Bone defects were created and incorporated with T-PRF plain, T-PRF clots+AMX/MET/NE gels individually. Rats were sacrificed after 2 months and checked under light microscopy and micro (µ)-computed tomography analysis for bone regeneration. Frequency distribution percentages, chi-square test, ANOVA and un-paired t-test were used for conducting the statistical analysis. Results: Inflammatory response was reported in T-PRF+MET Group followed by AMX Group and no inflammatory response was recorded for T-PRF plain with statistical significance (P=0.008), for mineralized and un-mineralized bone formation there was no significant difference (P=0.133). Mean comparisons of bone density there was no significant difference (P=0.545) among all (AMX=551.00±18.68, MET=578.00±18.25, NE=569.00±24.58, T-PRF plain=507.67±118.50). For gene expression significantly (P<0.001) higher alkaline phosphatase and bone morphogenetic protein-2 levels were recorded for T-PRF+NE Group (7.60±3.04, 10.85±1.28) followed by MET (4.65±1.52, 4.64±0.45)>AMX (2.47±0.84, 1.89±0.18)>T-PRF plain (1.00±0.00, 1.00±0.00). Conclusion Research results showed that T-PRF can be a SDDS and addition of antibiotics or herbal extract didn’t alter the hard tissue healing property of T-PRF and resulted in new bone formation.

Objectives: The use of titanium platelet-rich fibrin (T-PRF) as a sustained drug delivery system (SDDS) has been limited. Hence present study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy, drug kinetics and growth factor release of T-PRF injected with amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (amoxiclav gel), metronidazole (MTZ) and neem (NE) gels separately. Materials and Methods: 12 Healthy volunteers were recruited for this in vitro analysis. Drug kinetics were monitored at 0, 2, 24, 48, and 72 hours.Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed at 48 hours post inoculation in culture plates and growth factor release was measured at 3, 7 and 10 days. Kruskal– Wallis test, Dunn’s Post hoc test, Bonferroni’s correction and Mann–Whitney U test were used to compare the drug release over time frames, inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) and growth factor release were expressed in (mean and standard deviations) millimetres, pico g/mL and nano g/mL. Results: In terms of drug kinetics, both T-PRF clots and collagen sponges when injected with antibiotic/ herbal gels individually there was a sustained drug release up to 72 hours and there was a greater release observed in collagen sponge. IZDs were recorded for T-PRF injected with amoxiclav/MTZ/ NE gel for anti-microbial efficacy. Growth factor release was also observed for T-PRF plain and T-PRF injected with gels, with levels were numerically higher in T-PRF plain. Conclusion Within the limitations of the study T-PRF demonstrated sustained drug release with superior antibacterial activity. Growth factor release was not compromised, aiding in the preservation of regenerative capacity. Therefore, T-PRF can be used as a SDDS.

Organoids ; Biomedical Research

Objective: To demonstrate SLEEP-GOAL as a more holistic and comprehensive success criterion for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) treatment. Methods: A prospective 7-country clinical trial of 302 OSA patients, who met the selection criteria, and underwent nose, palate and/or tongue surgery. Pre- and post-operative data were recorded and analysed based on both the Sher criteria (apnoea hypopnea index, AHI reduction 50% and <20) and the SLEEP-GOAL. Results: There were 229 males and 73 females, mean age of 42.4±17.3 years, mean BMI 27.9±4.2. The mean VAS score improved from 7.7±1.4 to 2.5±1.7 (p<0.05), mean Epworth score (ESS) improved from 12.2±4.6 to 4.9±2.8 (p<0.05), mean body mass index (BMI) decreased from 27.9±4.2 to 26.1±3.7 (p>0.05), gross weight decreased from 81.9±14.3kg to 76.6±13.3kg. The mean AHI decreased 33.4±18.9 to 14.6±11.0 (p<0.05), mean lowest oxygen saturation (LSAT) improved 79.4±9.2% to 86.9±5.9% (p<0.05), and mean duration of oxygen <90% decreased from 32.6±8.9 minutes to 7.3±2.1 minutes (p<0.05). The overall success rate (302 patients) based on the Sher criteria was 66.2%. Crosstabulation of respective major/minor criteria fulfilment, based on fulfilment of two major and two minor or better, the success rate (based on SLEEP-GOAL) was 69.8%. Based solely on the Sher criteria, 63 patients who had significant blood pressure reduction, 29 patients who had BMI reduction and 66 patients who had clinically significant decrease in duration of oxygen <90% would have been misclassified as “failures”. Conclusion: AHI as a single parameter is unreliable. Assessing true success outcomes of OSA treatment, requires comprehensive and holistic parameters, reflecting true end-organ injury/function; the SLEEP-GOAL meets these requirements

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotics are an important class of synthetic antibacterial agents. These are the most extensively used drugs for treating bacterial infections in the field of both human and veterinary medicine. Herein, the antibacterial and pharmacological properties of four fluoroquinolones: lomefloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin have been studied. The objective of this study was to analyze the antibacterial characteristics of the different fluoroquinolones. Also, the pharmacological properties of the compounds including the Lipinski rule of five, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, LD50, drug likeliness, and toxicity were evaluated. We found that among all four FQ molecules, ofloxacin showed the highest antibacterial activity through in silico assays with a strong interaction (−38.52 kJ/mol) with the antibacterial target protein (topoisomerase-II DNA gyrase enzyme). The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic analysis also showed that the compounds ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin and norfloxacin have good pharmacological properties. Notably, ofloxacin was found to possess an IGC50 (concentration needed to inhibit 50% growth) value of 0.286 μg/L against the Tetrahymena pyriformis protozoa. It also tested negative for the Ames toxicity test, showing its non-carcinogenic character.
Absorption ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacterial Infections ; Ciprofloxacin ; Computer Simulation ; DNA Gyrase ; Fluoroquinolones* ; Humans ; Lethal Dose 50 ; Metabolism ; Norfloxacin ; Ofloxacin ; Tetrahymena pyriformis ; Toxicity Tests ; Veterinary Medicine

Objectives: In Indo China, carrots have been reported to regulate the functions of the stomach and intestines. The objective of the present investigation was to unravel the therapeutic potential of 50% ethanol extract from Daucus carota roots (EDC) on antisecretory, gastroprotective, and in vitro antacid capacity using experimental rats. Methods: Assessment of EDC antisecretory and in vivo antacid capacities was carried out using a pyloric ligation induced ulcer model. The gastroprotective effect was assessed with an absolute ethanol induced ulcer model. The integrity of gastric mucosa was evaluated using the estimation of glutathione and gastric mucus level and with histopathological examination of gastric mucosal cells. The in-vitro antacid capacity was evaluated using a titration method. The effect of the extract on the liver was assessed by measuring serum biochemical parameters. Results: The EDC significantly (p < 0.01–0.001) reduced gastric lesions in both models. Furthermore, the EDC also significantly (p < 0.05–0.001) reduced the volume of gastric content whereas the total acidity was significantly (p < 0.05–0.001) reduced with the doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg EDC. Moreover, the mucus content and glutathione level increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the absolute alcohol-induced ulcer. The EDC also showed in-vitro antacid capacity. Histopathological studies further confirmed the potential of EDC by inhibiting congestion, edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis in gastric mucosa. Conclusion The EDC exerted antisecretory, gastroprotective, and in vitro antacid potential. These activities could be attributed due to the presence of glycosides, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, and flavonoids.

Anatomical variations are typically more common in the extensor compartment of the forearm, but uncommon in the flexor compartment. The presence of such anatomical anomalies is not usually noticed until the normal functions of an individual become hindered, or when these anomalies become a surgical problem. During routine dissection curriculum, we encountered a rare finding of bilateral Gantzer muscles in a cadaver. We describe the relationship between the Gantzer muscle and anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
Cadaver ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Dissection ; Forearm ; abnormalities ; anatomy & histology ; innervation ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; Models, Anatomic ; Muscle, Skeletal ; abnormalities ; anatomy & histology ; innervation