Late-life anxiety disorder (LAD) is a common yet long-neglected mental health condition in older adults, with significant implications for quality of life, social functioning, and physical and mental health. Compared to anxiety disorders in younger populations, LAD is characterized by distinctive clinical features, etiological mechanisms, treatment responses, and long-term trajectories. However, current understanding of its pathophysiology, intervention strategies, and long-term outcomes remains limited. Clinical management is largely extrapolated from adult anxiety disorder protocols, lacking sufficient age-specific validation. This review systematically summarizes the clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, treatment modalities, and long-term outcomes of LAD. It also highlights key research gaps and proposes future directions, including mechanistic studies, optimization of interventions, and longitudinal follow-ups, to improve early detection and personalized care for LAD ultimately supporting mental health and functional independence in aging populations.

This article analyzes the development and current status of clinical pathways(CPs)in the United States,the European Union,and Japan.CPs are standardized treatment models based on medical evidence and guidelines,aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes,reduce costs,ensure treatment consistency,enhance medical service efficiency,and increase patient satisfaction.The United States has promoted CPs since 1985,driving their development through legislation and professional associations to improve service quality and reduce medical expenditures.The European Union supports the development and evaluation of CPs through the European Pathway Association,emphasizing the improvement of patient treatment outcomes.Japan uses CPs as a tool to improve the quality of medical services,with an emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration.All three have shown positive effects of CPs in improving medical service efficiency and reducing costs.However,they also face challenges such as overemphasis on cost control,lack of transparency,and physician cooperation.China can draw on these experiences to promote the development of CPs and enhance the quality and efficiency of medical services.

This article analyzes the development and current status of clinical pathways(CPs)in the United States,the European Union,and Japan.CPs are standardized treatment models based on medical evidence and guidelines,aiming to improve therapeutic outcomes,reduce costs,ensure treatment consistency,enhance medical service efficiency,and increase patient satisfaction.The United States has promoted CPs since 1985,driving their development through legislation and professional associations to improve service quality and reduce medical expenditures.The European Union supports the development and evaluation of CPs through the European Pathway Association,emphasizing the improvement of patient treatment outcomes.Japan uses CPs as a tool to improve the quality of medical services,with an emphasis on multidisciplinary collaboration.All three have shown positive effects of CPs in improving medical service efficiency and reducing costs.However,they also face challenges such as overemphasis on cost control,lack of transparency,and physician cooperation.China can draw on these experiences to promote the development of CPs and enhance the quality and efficiency of medical services.

Late-life anxiety disorder (LAD) is a common yet long-neglected mental health condition in older adults, with significant implications for quality of life, social functioning, and physical and mental health. Compared to anxiety disorders in younger populations, LAD is characterized by distinctive clinical features, etiological mechanisms, treatment responses, and long-term trajectories. However, current understanding of its pathophysiology, intervention strategies, and long-term outcomes remains limited. Clinical management is largely extrapolated from adult anxiety disorder protocols, lacking sufficient age-specific validation. This review systematically summarizes the clinical characteristics, underlying mechanisms, treatment modalities, and long-term outcomes of LAD. It also highlights key research gaps and proposes future directions, including mechanistic studies, optimization of interventions, and longitudinal follow-ups, to improve early detection and personalized care for LAD ultimately supporting mental health and functional independence in aging populations.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.01.003.].

Scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) by antioxidants is the important therapy to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) in stroke. The antioxidant with novel dual-antioxidant mechanism of directly scavenging ROS and indirectly through antioxidant pathway activation may be a promising CIRI therapeutic strategy. In our study, a series of chalcone analogues were designed and synthesized, and multiple potential chalcone analogues with dual antioxidant mechanisms were screened. Among these compounds, the most active not only conferred cytoprotection of HO-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells through scavenging free radicals directly and activating NRF2/ARE antioxidant pathway at the same time, but also played an important role against ischemia/reperfusion-related brain injury in animals. More importantly, in comparison with mono-antioxidant mechanism compounds, exhibited higher cytoprotective and neuroprotective potential and Overall, our findings showed compound could emerge as a promising anti-ischemic stroke drug candidate and provided novel dual-antioxidant mechanism strategies and concepts for oxidative stress-related diseases treatment.