One-day-old AA broilers were divided into five groups(15 chickens each,5 replicates per group):control(basic diet),three groups with low,medium,and high doses of crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae(100,150,200 mg/kg),and one group with Macleaya cordata extract(300 mg/kg).The 42-day trial measured intestinal enzyme activity,morphology,antioxidant and immune capacity,barrier function,and microbiota structure and diversity.Compared to the control and Macleaya cordata groups,the high-dose crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae group significantly increased trypsin activity in the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum(P＜0.05).It also reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels,increased glu-tathione peroxidase activity,reduced tumor necrosis factor-α,increased interleukin-10,and elevated mRNA expression of tight junction protein-1 and mucin-2 in the jejunum(P＜0.05).Microbial di-versity analysis showed higher Shannon index,increased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,decreased Proteobacteria,and more beneficial bacteria in the high-dose group(P＜0.05).Supplementing 200 mg/kg of crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae enhances intestinal morpholo-gy and function,and promotes intestinal health,thereby increasing farming efficiency.

In order to investigate the effects of Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid on immune function and in-testinal health of chicks,185 1-day-old healthy chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups.The blank control group(CG group)was given normal tap water;the high,medium and low dose groups(FZH group,FZM group and FZL group)were given tap water containing 5.00,2.50 and 1.25 g/L of Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid,respectively.Starting from the first day of age,the drug was administered continuously for 5 d,and the blood was collected from the subwing vein on the sixth day of the test.The results showed that compared with CG group,thymus index in FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,serum IgM,IgG and sIgA in FZH group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and serum IgG and sIgA in FZM group were signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,the relative expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 mRNA in FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the relative expression of ZO-1 mRNA in FZM and FZH groups was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,Shannon index of FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),Simpson index of FZH group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and many beneficial bacteria such as Strepto-coccus spinosus,Eubacillus spinosus and Lactobacillus spinosus played a synergistic role.The results showed that adding 5.00 g/L Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid in drinking water could improve the immunity of chicks,maintain the intestinal barrier function of chicks,increase the intestinal flora richness and promote the intestinal health of chicks.

A total of 300 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 12 broilers per replicate.The control group was given free drinking water(CG),the astragalus polysaccharide control group(HPS)received 0.8 mL/L of astragalus polysaccharide o-ral liquid in drinking water,and the experimental groups(SBL,SBM,SBH)received 1.5,3.0,4.5 mL/,of Shenling Baizhu Oral Liquid in drinking water.The results showed as follows:com-pared to the CG group,SIgA content in HPS group,group SBM and group SBH was significantly increased(P＜0.05),IL-6 and IL-1β contents were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),Occludin,Mucin-2 and Bcl-2 contents were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The results of 16S rRNA test showed that the specific OUT number in groups HPS and SBM was significantly higher than that in group CG(P＜0.05),α diversity analysis showed that compared with group CG,Chao1 index and Simpson index of group HPS,group SBM and group SBH were significantly increased,and βdiversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in species composition between test group and blank control group(P＜0.05).The relative abundance analysis at the phylum level showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in groups SBM and SBH was significantly higher than that in group CG(P＜0.05).The above results showed that Shenling Baizhu Oral Liquid could improve the intestinal health and enhance the resistance of broilers.

This study explored the effect of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)PE/PPE family protein PE_PGRS37 on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis(Ms)and macrophage autophagy during Mtb infection.The pe_pgrs37 gene was amplified from Mtb genome through PCR,and the recombinant vector pAIN-PE_PGRS37 was successfully constructed through homologous recombi-nation.pAIN-PE_PGRS37 and pAIN were integrated into Ms through electroshock to construct pAIN-PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms re-combinant bacteria.Western blotting indicated that the PE_PGRS37 protein was correctly expressed in pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms.The re-combinant bacteria were inoculated in 7H9/7H10 medium,and their colony morphology and growth curves were observed.No signifi-cant difference in colony morphology was observed between pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms.The growth rate significantly in-creased between 10 and 16 h,and a plateau was reached at 26 h.After infection of U937 cells with pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms,macrophage autophagy flow was detected with western blotting and immunofluorescence.In the pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms-infected group,compared with the pAIN/Ms-infected group,macrophage LC3-II and p62 protein expression was significantly up-regulated(P<0.001)and inhibited autophagosome and lysosome fusion.The intracellular survival of the recombinant bacteria was detected through colony counting,and pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms showed significantly greater survival in macrophages at 12 h,24 h,and 48 h than pAIN/Ms(P<0.05).Our results suggested that PE_PGRS37 protein promotes Mycobacterium survival in macrophages by blocking macro-phage autophagy flow,thus inhibiting macrophage autophagy.

One-day-old AA broilers were divided into five groups(15 chickens each,5 replicates per group):control(basic diet),three groups with low,medium,and high doses of crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae(100,150,200 mg/kg),and one group with Macleaya cordata extract(300 mg/kg).The 42-day trial measured intestinal enzyme activity,morphology,antioxidant and immune capacity,barrier function,and microbiota structure and diversity.Compared to the control and Macleaya cordata groups,the high-dose crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae group significantly increased trypsin activity in the duodenum,jejunum,and ileum(P＜0.05).It also reduced reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels,increased glu-tathione peroxidase activity,reduced tumor necrosis factor-α,increased interleukin-10,and elevated mRNA expression of tight junction protein-1 and mucin-2 in the jejunum(P＜0.05).Microbial di-versity analysis showed higher Shannon index,increased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes,decreased Proteobacteria,and more beneficial bacteria in the high-dose group(P＜0.05).Supplementing 200 mg/kg of crude extract of Flos sophorae and Fructus sophorae enhances intestinal morpholo-gy and function,and promotes intestinal health,thereby increasing farming efficiency.

In order to investigate the effects of Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid on immune function and in-testinal health of chicks,185 1-day-old healthy chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups.The blank control group(CG group)was given normal tap water;the high,medium and low dose groups(FZH group,FZM group and FZL group)were given tap water containing 5.00,2.50 and 1.25 g/L of Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid,respectively.Starting from the first day of age,the drug was administered continuously for 5 d,and the blood was collected from the subwing vein on the sixth day of the test.The results showed that compared with CG group,thymus index in FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,serum IgM,IgG and sIgA in FZH group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and serum IgG and sIgA in FZM group were signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,the relative expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 mRNA in FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the relative expression of ZO-1 mRNA in FZM and FZH groups was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,Shannon index of FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),Simpson index of FZH group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and many beneficial bacteria such as Strepto-coccus spinosus,Eubacillus spinosus and Lactobacillus spinosus played a synergistic role.The results showed that adding 5.00 g/L Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid in drinking water could improve the immunity of chicks,maintain the intestinal barrier function of chicks,increase the intestinal flora richness and promote the intestinal health of chicks.

A total of 300 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 12 broilers per replicate.The control group was given free drinking water(CG),the astragalus polysaccharide control group(HPS)received 0.8 mL/L of astragalus polysaccharide o-ral liquid in drinking water,and the experimental groups(SBL,SBM,SBH)received 1.5,3.0,4.5 mL/,of Shenling Baizhu Oral Liquid in drinking water.The results showed as follows:com-pared to the CG group,SIgA content in HPS group,group SBM and group SBH was significantly increased(P＜0.05),IL-6 and IL-1β contents were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),Occludin,Mucin-2 and Bcl-2 contents were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The results of 16S rRNA test showed that the specific OUT number in groups HPS and SBM was significantly higher than that in group CG(P＜0.05),α diversity analysis showed that compared with group CG,Chao1 index and Simpson index of group HPS,group SBM and group SBH were significantly increased,and βdiversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in species composition between test group and blank control group(P＜0.05).The relative abundance analysis at the phylum level showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in groups SBM and SBH was significantly higher than that in group CG(P＜0.05).The above results showed that Shenling Baizhu Oral Liquid could improve the intestinal health and enhance the resistance of broilers.

This study explored the effect of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb)PE/PPE family protein PE_PGRS37 on the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis(Ms)and macrophage autophagy during Mtb infection.The pe_pgrs37 gene was amplified from Mtb genome through PCR,and the recombinant vector pAIN-PE_PGRS37 was successfully constructed through homologous recombi-nation.pAIN-PE_PGRS37 and pAIN were integrated into Ms through electroshock to construct pAIN-PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms re-combinant bacteria.Western blotting indicated that the PE_PGRS37 protein was correctly expressed in pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms.The re-combinant bacteria were inoculated in 7H9/7H10 medium,and their colony morphology and growth curves were observed.No signifi-cant difference in colony morphology was observed between pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms.The growth rate significantly in-creased between 10 and 16 h,and a plateau was reached at 26 h.After infection of U937 cells with pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms and pAIN/Ms,macrophage autophagy flow was detected with western blotting and immunofluorescence.In the pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms-infected group,compared with the pAIN/Ms-infected group,macrophage LC3-II and p62 protein expression was significantly up-regulated(P<0.001)and inhibited autophagosome and lysosome fusion.The intracellular survival of the recombinant bacteria was detected through colony counting,and pAIN-PE_PGRS37/Ms showed significantly greater survival in macrophages at 12 h,24 h,and 48 h than pAIN/Ms(P<0.05).Our results suggested that PE_PGRS37 protein promotes Mycobacterium survival in macrophages by blocking macro-phage autophagy flow,thus inhibiting macrophage autophagy.

Objective ToinvestigatethecorrelationbetweenCTimagingfindingsoflungadenocarcinomaandepidermalgrowth factorreceptor(EGFR)genemutation.Methods Theclinicaldataof150lungadenocarcinomapatientsinthehospitalfrom October 2015toOctober2017werecollectedretrospectively.AccordingtotheEGFRgenemutation,thepatientsweredividedintononeffectivemutation group (n=78)andeffective mutationgroup (n=72).Univariateanalysisand multivariate L o g istic regression modelwereperformed toexplorethepredictionsignsofeffectiveEGFRgenemutationinlungadenocarcinoma.Results Univariateanalysisshowedthatthe proportionsoffemalepatients,smokinghistory,CTfindingsofspiculesign,necroticsign,pleuralindentationandnonfibrosisin theeffectivemutationgroupweresignificantlyhigherthanthoseinnoneffectivemutationgroup(P<0.05).However,therewereno significantdifferencesbetweenthesetwogroupsinage,diameteroflesions,locationoflesions,densityoflesions,lobulatedsign, cavitation sign ,air bronchogram and pleuralthickening sign (P>0 .05 ).M ultivariate L o g istic regression analysis showed thatfemale (OR=2.612),spiculesign(OR=2.476),necroticsign(OR=2.846),pleuralindentation(OR=2.221)andnonfibrosis(OR=2.476)were independentpredictorsofeffectiveEGFRgenemutationinlungadenocarcinoma(P<0.05).Conclusion FemaleandlungadenocarcinomaCT findingsofspiculesign,necroticsign,pleuralindentationandnonfibrosisarerelatedtoEGFRgenemutation,whichisofgreatsignificanceto distinguishingwildtypefrom mutanttypeofEGFRgeneandguidingtheclinicaltreatment.