AIM To investigate the mechanism of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction in preventing meglumine diatrizoate-induced post-ERCP pancreatitis in rats through autophagy regulation.METHODS The rats were randomized into the normal group,the model group,the low-dose and high-dose Shaoyao Gancao Decoction(1.5,3.0 g/kg),and the indomethacin suppository group.A rat model of post-ERCP pancreatitis was induced by meglumine diatrizoate injection into the pancreatic duct under continuous pressure.The rats had their pancreatic tissues stained with HE to observe the pathological alterations,inflammatory cell infiltration,hemorrhage and necrosis;their serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,AMS,and IL-10 identified by ELISA;their autophagic vacuoles in pancreatic acinar cells observed by transmission electron microscopy;their pancreatic protein expressions of Beclin1,LC3B,p62,TRAF2 and p-JNK detected by IHC and Western blot;and their pancreatic mRNA expressions of Beclin1 and TRAF2 detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the high-dose Shaoyao Gancao Decoction group displayed no obvious hemorrhage;improvement in edema of acinar and interstitial cells;obviously less cellular inflammatory infiltration;substantially decreased serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and AMS(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);drastically reduced amount of autophagosomes in acinar cells;and down-regulated expressions of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1,LC3,p62,TRAF2 and p-JNK(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Shaoyao Gancao Decoction can prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis by ameliorating pancreatic tissue injury,decreasing serum inflammatory response level,and interfering with abnormal autophagy of pancreatic acinar cells.Its molecular mechanism may involve inhibition of TRAF2 protein expression and modulation of p-JNK activation.

AIM To investigate the mechanism of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction in preventing meglumine diatrizoate-induced post-ERCP pancreatitis in rats through autophagy regulation.METHODS The rats were randomized into the normal group,the model group,the low-dose and high-dose Shaoyao Gancao Decoction(1.5,3.0 g/kg),and the indomethacin suppository group.A rat model of post-ERCP pancreatitis was induced by meglumine diatrizoate injection into the pancreatic duct under continuous pressure.The rats had their pancreatic tissues stained with HE to observe the pathological alterations,inflammatory cell infiltration,hemorrhage and necrosis;their serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,AMS,and IL-10 identified by ELISA;their autophagic vacuoles in pancreatic acinar cells observed by transmission electron microscopy;their pancreatic protein expressions of Beclin1,LC3B,p62,TRAF2 and p-JNK detected by IHC and Western blot;and their pancreatic mRNA expressions of Beclin1 and TRAF2 detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the high-dose Shaoyao Gancao Decoction group displayed no obvious hemorrhage;improvement in edema of acinar and interstitial cells;obviously less cellular inflammatory infiltration;substantially decreased serum levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and AMS(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);drastically reduced amount of autophagosomes in acinar cells;and down-regulated expressions of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1,LC3,p62,TRAF2 and p-JNK(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Shaoyao Gancao Decoction can prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis by ameliorating pancreatic tissue injury,decreasing serum inflammatory response level,and interfering with abnormal autophagy of pancreatic acinar cells.Its molecular mechanism may involve inhibition of TRAF2 protein expression and modulation of p-JNK activation.

Objective To investigate the impact of Maxing Shigan decoction on lung tissue damage in cough variant asthma(CVA)rats by regulating the Notch1/Jagged1 signaling pathway.Methods The CVA rat model was established by ovalbumin+aluminum hydroxide sensitization method.After successful modeling,the rats were randomly divided into control group(conventional feeding),model group(4％ovalbumin 0.5 mL+2％aluminum hydroxide 0.2 mL),combined group(on the basis of the model group,16 g·kg-1 Maxing Shigan decoction and 200 mg·kg-1 Jagged1 were added respectively)and experimental-L,experimental-M,experimental-H groups(on the basis of the model group,4,8 and 16 g·kg-1 Maxing Shigan decoction were added respectively),with 15 rats in each group.The cough frequency and histopathological changes of the lung tissue were observed,and the expression level of Notch1 and Jagged1 protein were detected by Western blot.Results The coughing times of rats in control group,model group,experiment-L group,experiment-M group,experiment-H group and combined group were(2.04±0.08),(9.21±0.82),(7.38±0.60),(5.44±0.42),(3.14±0.32)and(7.88±0.65)times,respectively;the number of goblet cells in lung tissue was 13.65±1.24,59.66±5.54,47.21±4.12,34.58±3.01,23.54±2.06 and 39.25±3.68,respectively;the relative expression levels of Notch1 protein were 0.42±0.03,1.16±0.09,0.97±0.09,0.76±0.07,0.59±0.05 and 0.89±0.07,respectively;the relative expression levels of of Jagged1 protein were 0.36±0.03,1.09±0.04,0.92±0.09,0.70±0.07,0.46±0.04 and 0.79±0.07,respectively.The above indexes of the model group were compared with those of the control group,the experimental-L group,the experimental-M group and the experimental-H group,and the above indexes of the combined group were compared with those of the experimental-H group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Maxing Shigan decoction may improve lung tissue damage in CVA rats by inhibiting the activation of Notch1/Jagged1 signaling pathway.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in tertiary hospitals in major regions of China in 2022.Methods Clinical isolates from 58 hospitals in China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2022 Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)breakpoints.Results A total of 318 013 clinical isolates were collected from January 1,2022 to December 31,2022,of which 29.5％were gram-positive and 70.5％were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species(excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi)was 28.3％,76.7％and 77.9％,respectively.Overall,94.0％of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 90.8％of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis showed significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 94.2％in the isolates from children and 95.7％in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 13.1％in most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,21.7％-23.1％of which were resistant to carbapenems.Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.1％to 13.3％.The prevalence of meropenem-resistant strains decreased from 23.5％in 2019 to 18.0％in 2022 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and decreased from 79.0％in 2019 to 72.5％in 2022 in Acinetobacter baumannii.Conclusions The resistance of clinical isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still increasing in tertiary hospitals.However,the prevalence of important carbapenem-resistant organisms such as carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a downward trend in recent years.This finding suggests that the strategy of combining antimicrobial resistance surveillance with multidisciplinary concerted action works well in curbing the spread of resistant bacteria.

Objective To monitor the susceptibility of clinical isolates to antimicrobial agents in healthcare facilities in major regions of China in 2023.Methods Clinical isolates collected from 73 hospitals across China were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a unified protocol based on disc diffusion method or automated testing systems.Results were interpreted using the 2023 Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) breakpoints.Results A total of 445199 clinical isolates were collected in 2023,of which 29.0％ were gram-positive and 71.0％ were gram-negative.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains in Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and other coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (excluding Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus schleiferi) (MRSA,MRSE and MRCNS) was 29.6％,81.9％ and 78.5％,respectively.Methicillin-resistant strains showed significantly higher resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents than methicillin-susceptible strains (MSSA,MSSE and MSCNS).Overall,92.9％ of MRSA strains were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 91.4％ of MRSE strains were susceptible to rifampicin.No vancomycin-resistant strains were found.Enterococcus faecalis had significantly lower resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents tested than Enterococcus faecium.A few vancomycin-resistant strains were identified in both E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1％ in the isolates from children and and 95.9％ in the isolates from adults.The resistance rate to carbapenems was lower than 15.0％ for most Enterobacterales species except for Klebsiella,22.5％ and 23.6％ of which were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively .Most Enterobacterales isolates were highly susceptible to tigecycline,colistin and polymyxin B,with resistance rates ranging from 0.6％ to 10.0％.The resistance rate to imipenem and meropenem was 21.9％ and 17.4％ for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,respectively,and 67.5％ and 68.1％ for Acinetobacter baumannii,respectively.Conclusions Increasing resistance to the commonly used antimicrobial agents is still observed in clinical bacterial isolates.However,the prevalence of important crabapenem-resistant organisms such as crabapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa,and A.baumannii showed a slightly decreasing trend.This finding suggests that strengthening bacterial resistance surveillance and multidisciplinary linkage are important for preventing the occurrence and development of bacterial resistance.

Objective To investigate the impact of Maxing Shigan decoction on lung tissue damage in cough variant asthma(CVA)rats by regulating the Notch1/Jagged1 signaling pathway.Methods The CVA rat model was established by ovalbumin+aluminum hydroxide sensitization method.After successful modeling,the rats were randomly divided into control group(conventional feeding),model group(4％ovalbumin 0.5 mL+2％aluminum hydroxide 0.2 mL),combined group(on the basis of the model group,16 g·kg-1 Maxing Shigan decoction and 200 mg·kg-1 Jagged1 were added respectively)and experimental-L,experimental-M,experimental-H groups(on the basis of the model group,4,8 and 16 g·kg-1 Maxing Shigan decoction were added respectively),with 15 rats in each group.The cough frequency and histopathological changes of the lung tissue were observed,and the expression level of Notch1 and Jagged1 protein were detected by Western blot.Results The coughing times of rats in control group,model group,experiment-L group,experiment-M group,experiment-H group and combined group were(2.04±0.08),(9.21±0.82),(7.38±0.60),(5.44±0.42),(3.14±0.32)and(7.88±0.65)times,respectively;the number of goblet cells in lung tissue was 13.65±1.24,59.66±5.54,47.21±4.12,34.58±3.01,23.54±2.06 and 39.25±3.68,respectively;the relative expression levels of Notch1 protein were 0.42±0.03,1.16±0.09,0.97±0.09,0.76±0.07,0.59±0.05 and 0.89±0.07,respectively;the relative expression levels of of Jagged1 protein were 0.36±0.03,1.09±0.04,0.92±0.09,0.70±0.07,0.46±0.04 and 0.79±0.07,respectively.The above indexes of the model group were compared with those of the control group,the experimental-L group,the experimental-M group and the experimental-H group,and the above indexes of the combined group were compared with those of the experimental-H group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Maxing Shigan decoction may improve lung tissue damage in CVA rats by inhibiting the activation of Notch1/Jagged1 signaling pathway.

Among the types of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma accounts for the majority, and its overall survival rate is poor. B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) is a member of the antiproliferative gene family, belonging to the BTG/TOB family. Many studies have shown that BTG2 was abnormally expressed in many types of tumors, but its regulatory role in the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma remained unclear. In this study, we explored the expression level of BTG2 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and its correlation with clinical prognosis through online database and tissue samples of lung adenocarcinoma patient. The results indicated that the expression level of BTG2 decreased significantly in lung adenocarcinoma patient with radiation resistance. Bioinformatics analysis confirmed that BTG2 could respond to radiotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, and its low expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients was associated with poor prognosis (P < 0.05). The lentivirus overexpressing BTG2 (OE-BTG2) was transfected into human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines to increase the expression level of BTG2 including A549 and H1299. And the effect of BTG2 overexpression on the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines was detected by clone formation assay. Clone formation experiment confirmed that overexpression of BTG2 could significantly enhance the radiosensitivity of A549 and H1299 cell lines (P < 0.05). The expression levels of BTG2 and apoptosis related protein-Bax were detected by Western blotting (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The effect of BTG2 on radiation sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma was further detected via nude mouse in vivo. WB experiment confirmed that BTG2 upregulation could significantly increase the apoptosis level of A549 and H1299 cells after radiation. Moreover, BTG2 overexpression can markedly enhance the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05) and increase the protein level of Bax after radiation in vivo. In conclusion, BTG2 had low expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients and its low expression level was closely related to the poor clinical prognosis. Overexpression of BTG2 can increase the radiosensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and promote the process of apoptosis after radiation, indicating a new target for overcoming the radiation resistance of lung adenocarcinoma.

This study was aimed to investigate the hemostatic effects of hemocoagulase agkistrodon (HCA) and its mechanism. The procoagulative and hemostatic effects of HCA were evaluated by using rabbit blood coagulatin time and mouse tail bleeding time; the mechanisms of HCA hemostatic effect were analyzed by using rabbit blood clot lysis and fibrinogen lysis. The results showed that HCA shortened the rabbit blood coagulation time and the mouse tail bleeding time significantly. The effects are nearly similar to that of positive control (reptilase). HCA also induced rabbit blood clot lysis and directly hydrolysed the alpha-chain of fibrinogen. It is concluded that HCA exert its hemostatic effects by hydrolysing the alpha-chain of fibrinogen, but it is not able to induce production of XIII factor.
Agkistrodon ; Animals ; Batroxobin ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Bleeding Time ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Crotalid Venoms ; enzymology ; Fibrinogen ; metabolism ; Hemostatics ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation