BACKGROUND/AIMS: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlations between inflammatory factors-including absolute lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase, beta2-microglobulin, albumin, C-reactive protein, and ferritin-and the prognosis for survival in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with induction chemotherapy containing thalidomide and who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). METHODS: Data from patients at 13 university hospitals in South Korea were collected retrospectively between December 2005 and May 2013. RESULTS: The median age of the 232 patients was 57 years (range, 33 to 77) and the male to female ratio was 1.09:1. In the multivariate analysis, fewer than two combined abnormal inflammatory factors was the only independent prognostic factor for superior progression-free survival (relative risk [RR], 0.618; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.409 to 0.933; p = 0.022), and platelet count > 100 x 109/L and fewer than two combined abnormal inflammatory factors were independent prognostic factors for superior overall survival (RR, 4.739; 95% CI, 1.897 to 11.839; p = 0.001 and RR, 0.263; 95% CI, 0.113 to 0.612; p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with two or more than two combined inflammatory factors who were treated with thalidomide induction chemotherapy and who underwent ASCT showed significantly shorter survival compared to those with fewer than two combined inflammatory factors. These results could be helpful for predicting prognosis in patients with MM.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor/*blood ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Inflammation Mediators/*blood ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/blood/diagnosis/*drug therapy/immunology/mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Odds Ratio ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; Thalidomide/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Time Factors ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active complex (consistent of 15 active compounds) on LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cells. The effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and its active complex on cell viability in RAW264. 7 cells were determined by MTT assay. The inhibitory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex on the releasing of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 induced by LPS in RAW264. 7 cells was detected by ELISA assay. The expression of IL-1β and mPGES-1 in Guizhi Fuling capsule or active complex treated RAW264. 7 cells was examined by Western blot assay. Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex showed no significant effect on the cell viability in RAW264. 7 cells at doses range from 12.5 to 400 mg x L(-1). Compared with LPS treated group, Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex dose dependently reduced the releasing of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2 induced by LPS in RAW264. 7 cells. Moreover, the expression of IL-1β and mPGES-1 was decreased after Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex treatment, which might contribute to the inhibitory effect of Guizhi Fuling capsule in the releasing of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2. This study provided the evidence that Guizhi Fuling capsule and active complex remarkably inhibited the releasing of IL-1β, TNF-α and PGE2induced by LPS in RAW264. 7 cells by reducing the expression IL-1β and mPGES-1. This study provided an experimental basis of Guizhi Fuling capsule for the treatment of inflammation and a theoretical basis for the development of effective compounds of Guizhi Fuling capsule.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; immunology ; Interleukin-1beta ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; immunology

This study discusses the effects of Shenlian extracts (SL) on M1 macrophages in atherosclerosis. The MTT assay was used to detect the growth inhibition rates of RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with murine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce M1 macrophages. The different concentrations of SL extracts (high-dose 50 mg x L(-1), moderate-dose 25 mg x L(-1), low-dose 12.5 mg x L(-1)) were added. The CD86 of M1 macrophages in cell membrane was measured by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of iNOS and TNF-alpha gene was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). And the supernatants were collected, the content of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were detected with ELISA kits. The results of this experiment show that the expression of the cell membrane molecule CD86, iNOS and TNF-alpha gene, the content of IL-6 and TNF-alpha was obviously increased in M1 macrophages by IFN-gamma and LPS. The different doses of SL extract could reduce the expression of the above indicators. The above experimental results demonstrate that IFN-gamma combined LPS can induce RAW264.7 cell to type into M1 macrophages, and SL extracts can inhibit M1 macrophages.
Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Shape ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Interferon-gamma ; genetics ; immunology ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; immunology ; Macrophages ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

This study was aimed to elucidate the expression of costimulatory molecule CD80 and CD86 in HL-60 cells induced by proteasome inhibitor MG132 and its effect on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. Acute myelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 and chronic myelocytic leukemia cell line K562 were cultured. The viability of the cells was measured by flow cytometry. Proteasome inhibitor MG132 at the concentrations of 2 or 3 µmol/L was used to stimulate the HL-60 cell cultured for 24 h and 48 h respectively, and the Annexin V/7-AAD staining and flow cytomotry were used to detect the apoptosis of the HL-60 cells. HL-60 and K562 cells were treated with 1 µmol/L MG132 for 24 h and 48 h respectively, then CD80 and CD86 antibodies were added, finally the expression of CD80 and CD86 was analysed by flow cytomery. The mRNA expression of CD86 in the HL-60 cells treated with 1 µmol/L MG132 was detected by RT-PCR. HL-60 and K562 cells were treated by 1 µmol/L MG132 and then underwent irradiation of 75 Gy (60)Co to kill the cells with their antigenicity preserved. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) of healthy volunteers, as reactive cells, were isolated and inoculated into the (60)Co irradiated HL-60 cells of different concentrations, as stimulating cells, CCK-8 was added and then the A value of absorbance was measured at the wave length of 450 nm in an enzyme labeling instrument. The results showed that the cell viability of the HL-60 cells treated with 1 µmol/L MG132 for 24 h an d 48 h was 92.95% and 85.87% respectively. The apoptotic rates of the HL-60 cells treated with MG132 increased in dose-and time-dependent manner. High-concentration of MG132 directly killed HL-60 cells. Before MG132 treatment K562 cells did not express CD86, but the CD86 expression of the HL-60 cells was up-regulated time-dependently after MG132 treatment (P < 0.01). The mRNA expression of CD86 in the HL-60 treated with MG132 was up-regulated time-dependently (P < 0.01). CCK-8 test showed that the proliferation level of PBMNC gradually increased along with the concentration of HL-60 cells treated with MG132 and reached its peak when the concentration of the HL-60 cells was 1×10(5) (P < 0.01). No remarkable proliferation of PBMNC was observed in the K562 groups no matter if the HL-60 cells had been treated with MG132. It is concluded that the high concentration of MG132 can directly kill HL-60 cells, low-concentration of MG132 can induce the expression of costimulatory molecule CD86 in HL-60 cells, also can improve the proliferation of PBMNC.
Apoptosis ; B7-2 Antigen ; immunology ; Cell Survival ; Flow Cytometry ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; K562 Cells ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; drug effects ; Leupeptins ; pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Proteasome Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Up-Regulation

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory effect of Fuzheng Yiliu Granule (FYG) on hepatocellular cancer (HCC) and investigate the mechanism mediating its bioactivity.

METHODSH22 tumor-bearing ICR mice were treated with FYG [3.6 g/(kg·d)] for 5 days. Tumor volume and tumor weight, percentages of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and natural killer (NK) cells in peripheral blood, tumor apoptosis and serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were evaluated. FYG-containing serum was prepared from SD rats treated for 7 days [high dose 3.6 g/(kg·d); middle dose 1.8 g/(kg·d); low dose 0.9 g/(kg·d)]. Cell cycle, cell viability, and apoptosis were evaluated after HepG2 cell line was cultured in FYG-containing serum for 48 h. The levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in FYG-containing serum were also determined.

RESULTSFYG produced a potent antitumor effect (P<0.01) and induced marked apoptosis of the tumor tissue (P<0.05). Mice treated with FYG had higher percentages of CD3(+) and CD4(+) (P<0.05), and more NK cells (P<0.01) in the peripheral blood than those in the animals treated with normal saline. Mice receiving FYG had the highest serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α (P<0.01). High-dose FYG-containing serum significantly decreased HepG2 cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation (P<0.05), and induced apoptosis (P<0.01). In addition, the levels of IL-2 and TNF-α of high-dose-containing serum were higher than the blank serum (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONFYG could inhibit HCC growth by regulating immune function and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; immunology ; pathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; biosynthesis ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; immunology ; pathology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Rats ; Serum ; Tumor Burden ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

We investigated the immunostimulatory effects of a novel beta-glucan purified from Paenibacillus (P.) polymyxa JB115 on bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs), a type of potent antigen-presenting cells. beta-glucan isolated from P. polymyxa JB115 enhanced the viability and induced the maturation of DCs. beta-glucan markedly increased the cytokine production of DCs and surface expression of DC markers. In addition, DCs treated with beta-glucan showed a higher capacity to stimulate allogeneic spleen cell proliferation compared to those treated with medium alone. These results demonstrate the effect of beta-glucan on DC maturation and may increase the use of beta-glucan.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/*drug effects/*immunology ; Cell Survival/drug effects/*immunology ; Dendritic Cells/cytology/*drug effects/*immunology ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunophenotyping/methods ; Interleukin-12/analysis/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nitric Oxide/analysis/immunology ; Paenibacillus/*chemistry ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis/immunology ; beta-Glucans/isolation & purification/*pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the immune stimulation effect of recombinant E.coli LLO/OVA on mice bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and T lymphocytes in vitro.

METHODSAfter BMDCs stimulated by E.coli LLO/OVA, their Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) receptor signalling pathway were examined by superarray hybridization; and the priming effect of the vaccine activated BMDCs on CD4(+)T and CD8(+)T was determined by [3H]thymidine uptake and ELISA, the tumor cytotoxic effect of activated CD8(+)T cells was determined by cytotoxic assay.

RESULTSAfter BMDCs were activated by E. coli LLO/OVA via TLR4, NOD1 receptor and NF-κB signalling pathway, the expression of their surface molecules including MHC class I, MHC class II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 significantly up-regulated; the secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ increased also. The mature BMDCs stimulated the allergic CD4(+)T and CD8(+)T cells proliferation and their IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion, and the activated CD8(+)T cells effectively killed B16-OVA melanoma cells and RMA-S/OVA lymphoma cells in vitro.

CONCLUSIONE.coli LLO/OVA is effective in inducing BMDCs maturation via activating TLR4 and NOD1 receptor signalling pathway and promoting specific anti-tumor T cell immunity in vitro.

Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Bacterial Toxins ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Cancer Vaccines ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; immunology ; Coculture Techniques ; Cytokines ; immunology ; secretion ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Hemolysin Proteins ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Immunity, Innate ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein ; genetics ; physiology ; Ovalbumin ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; drug effects ; immunology ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; genetics ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the dynamic effects of Yinqiao detoxifcation oral liquid (YQD) on NK cell lysis in spleen and serum concentration of IFN-gamma in SCID mouse infected by influenza A virus FM1.

METHODThe mice were divided into six different groups randomly. Except normal control, other mice were intranasally instilled with 15 TCID of virus. Three dosage groups of YQD (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 g x kg(-1)) were respectively fed with YQD. Positive control group was administrated orally with 0.07 g x kg(-1) of ribavirin. Normal control and model group were fed with physiological saline. After 1, 3, 5 and 7 days' infection, spleens and serum were collected. Then the NK cell lysis was detected by LDH release kit and the concentration of IFN-gamma was examined by ELISA assay.

RESULTContents of IFN-gamma reached to peak value on the 3th day and until the 5th day. Later, the level of IFN-gamma returned to normal level. The variation tendency of activity of NK cell in spleen was according with that of IFN-gamma. But it reached the maximum value until the 5th day. The activity of NK cell lysis in three groups of YQD was well above that i n model group. In addition, therapeutic action of both 10.0 g x kg(-1) and 20.0 g x kg(-1) of YQD treatment groups was better than that of 5.0 g x kg(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe data showed that serum concentration of IFN-gamma and NK cell lysis were improved by YQD at different time, which was demonstrated YQD could perform well in immune system.

Animals ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; blood ; drug therapy ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Influenzavirus A ; physiology ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Killer Cells, Natural ; drug effects ; physiology ; Mice ; Mice, SCID ; Random Allocation ; Spleen ; immunology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of antibody-targeted chemotherapy against human prostate cancer LNCaP cells in vitro.

METHODSThe monoclonal antibody 7E11C5.3 against human prostate cancer was conjugated to pingyangmycin (PYM), mediated by dextran T-40, and the immunoreactivity of 7E11C5.3 was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The bacteriostatic activity of the conjugate was determined using TTC assay, and its cytotoxicity against LNCaP cells was determined by MTT assay.

RESULTSThe 7E11C5.3:PYM molar ratio was l:54 in the conjugate, and the immunoreactivity of 7E11C5.3 was decreased by approximately 10% to 20% after conjugation. The bacteriostatic activity of conjugated PYM was 25% of that of free PYM. The 50% inhibitory doses (IC50) of 7E11C5.3-PYM conjugate and free PYM against the in vitro cultured LNCaP cells were 9.41-/+1.98 microg/ml and 29.92-/+7.88 microg/ml, respectively.

CONCLUSION7E11C5.3-PYM conjugate displays stronger cytotoxicity against anti-prostate cancer effects than free PYM.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Bleomycin ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; drug effects ; immunology ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; immunology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 (Shenyi Capsule) on the postoperative life span of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSThe prospective, randomized, controlled method was adopted. One hundred and thirty-three patients with NSCLC were randomly assigned to 3 groups: Shenyi Capsule group (43 cases), combined therapy group (Shenyi Capsule plus chemotherapy, 46 cases), and chemotherapy group (44 cases). The survival rates, immune function and the correlation between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and clinical effect were analyzed in the three groups.

RESULTS(1) The 1-year survival rate in the Shenyi group, the combined group and the chemotherapy group was 76.7% (33/43), 82.6% (38/46), and 79.5% (35/44), respectively; the 2-year survival rate was 67.4% (29/43), 71.7% (33/46), and 70.5% (31/44), respectively; and the 3-year survival rate was 46.5% (20/43), 54.3% (25/46), and 47.7% (21/44), respectively. There was no significant difference among the 3 groups (P>0.05). (2) NK cells were increased to different degrees and the ratio of CD4/CD8 was normal in the Shenyi Capsule group and the combined group, while the ratio of CD4/CD8 was disproportional in the chemotherapy group. (3) In the chemotherapy group, the 3-year survival rate was lower in patients with positive expression of VEGF than in patients with negative expression (37.0% vs 64.7%, chi2=17.9, P<0.01), but no signifi cant statistical difference was shown in the other two groups (53.6% vs 55.6%, P>0.05; 44.4% vs 50.0%, P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONShenyi Capsule, especially in combination with chemotherapy, can improve the life span of patients with NSCLC after operation. The mechanism might be correlated with improving the immune function and anti-tumor angiogenesis

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; immunology ; mortality ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis