PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training program that applied the 5-step method on the knowledge, attitudes, and performance ability of nursing students in terms of enhancement and sustainability. METHODS: Sixty-one nursing students (28 in the experimental group and 33 in the control group) from D city participated in this study. Data were collected from April 25 to December 15, 2016. The experimental group and control group received infant CPR education using the 5-step method and the traditional method, respectively. The outcome variables were measured 3 times (pretest and posttest at 1 week and 6 months after training). RESULTS: There were significant differences in attitude (t=2.68, p=.009) and performance ability (t=4.56, p < .001) between the groups at 1 week after training, as well as in sustained performance ability at 6 months after training (F=6.76, p=.012). CONCLUSION: The 5-step method of infant CPR training was effective for improving performance ability in a sustained manner and promoting a positive attitude. Therefore, it is recommended that nursing students, as infant CPR novices, receive training using this effective method.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Education ; Humans ; Infant* ; Methods* ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVE: Data mining extracts meaningful information from large datasets. In this study, text mining techniques were used to extract keywords from the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine, and the change trend was examined. METHODS: The rvest package in R was used to extract all papers published in the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine from 2006 to 2016 that could be searched online. Among them, 3,952 keywords were extracted and studied. Using the selected keywords, the corpus was formed by refining keywords that did not correspond to MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) or were misspelled and had similar meanings based on agreement of researchers. Using the refined keywords, the frequencies of the keywords in the first and second halves of the studies were calculated and visualized. RESULTS: Word Cloud revealed that emergency medical service and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were most frequently mentioned in both the first and second halves of the studies. In the first half, ultrasonography, stroke, poisoning, injury, and education were frequently mentioned, while in the second half, poisoning, injury, stroke, acute, and tomography were frequently mentioned. A pyramid graph revealed that the frequencies of emergency medical service and CPR were commonly high. CONCLUSION: Core keywords of the Journal of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine were analyzed for correlations and trends. Changes in study topics according to key topics of interest and period were visually identified.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Data Mining ; Dataset ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medicine ; Poisoning ; Stroke ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was factors affecting self-efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in adults. Therefore, the provide basic data for strategy development to improve the performance rate of bystander CPR. METHODS: The data were collected from 164,165 adults of the 2016 Korean Community Health Survey. The survey method was 1:1 interview with households, and the survey period was from August 16, 2016 to October 31, 2016. The survey variables were as follows: self-efficacy of CPR, awareness of CPR, training experience of CPR, demographic characteristics, medical characteristics, health promoting behaviors, and safety practices. RESULTS: The rate of self-efficacy of CPR in adults was 60.6%. Factors affecting self-efficacy of CPR were age, sex, residence, education level, occupation, marital status, any CPR training, CPR training within the last 2 years, CPR training with manikin within the last 2 years, emergency room visit within the last 1 year, physical activity status, drive a bicycle, seat belts on rear seat, seat belts when riding a bus were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, in order to improve the self-efficacy of CPR in adults, the recent experience rate of CPR education, the practice rate of health promotion behavior, and the practice rate of safety behavior should be improved. The government should expand the provision of education programs to improve the self-efficacy of CPR and actively prepare national-level public advertisements strategies.
Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Education ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Family Characteristics ; Health Promotion ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Manikins ; Marital Status ; Motor Activity ; Occupations ; Seat Belts ; Surveys and Questionnaires

INTRODUCTIONSimplifying the learning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is advocated to improve skill acquisition and retention. A simplified CPR training programme focusing on continuous chest compression, with a simple landmark tracing technique, was introduced to laypeople. The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the simplified CPR training in improving lay rescuers' CPR performance as compared to standard CPR.

METHODSA total of 85 laypeople (aged 21-60 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to undertake either a two-hour simplified or standard CPR training session. They were tested two months after the training on a simulated cardiac arrest scenario. Participants' performance on the sequence of CPR steps was observed and evaluated using a validated CPR algorithm checklist. The quality of chest compression and ventilation was assessed from the recording manikins.

RESULTSThe simplified CPR group performed significantly better on the CPR algorithm when compared to the standard CPR group (p < 0.01). No significant difference was found between the groups in time taken to initiate CPR. However, a significantly higher number of compressions and proportion of adequate compressions was demonstrated by the simplified group than the standard group (p < 0.01). Hands-off time was significantly shorter in the simplified CPR group than in the standard CPR group (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSimplifying the learning of CPR by focusing on continuous chest compressions, with simple hand placement for chest compression, could lead to better acquisition and retention of CPR algorithms, and better quality of chest compressions than standard CPR.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Algorithms ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; education ; Checklist ; Female ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Learning ; Male ; Manikins ; Middle Aged ; Pressure ; Prospective Studies ; Resuscitation ; education ; Sex Factors ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the quality of basic life support (BLS) information for primary Korean-speaking individuals on the internet.METHODS: Using the Google © search engine, we searched for the terms ‘CPR’, ‘cardiopulmonary resuscitation (in Korean)’ and ‘cardiac arrest (in Korean)’. The accuracy, reliability and accessibility of web pages was evaluated based on the 2015 American heart association(AHA) guidelines for CPR & emergency cardiovascular care, the health on the net foundation code of conduct and Korean web content accessibility guidelines 2.1, respectively.RESULTS: Of the 178 web pages screened, 50 met criteria for inclusion. The overall quality of BLS information was not enough (median 5/7, IQR 4.75-6). 23(36%) pages were created in accordance with 2010 AHA guidelines. Only 24(48%) web pages educated on how to use the automated electrical defibrillator. The attribution and transparency of the reliability of pages was relatively low, 20(40%) and 16(32%). The web accessibility score was relatively high.CONCLUSION: A small of proportion of internet web pages searched by Google have high quality BLS information for a Korean-speaking population. Web pages based on past guideline were still being searched. The notation of the source of CPR information and the transparency of the author should be improved. The verification and evaluation of the quality of BLS information exposed to the Internet are continuously needed.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Defibrillators ; Education ; Emergencies ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Internet ; Resuscitation ; Search Engine

OBJECTIVE: Various educational programs have been implemented to achieve skill, willingness and self-confidence in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Paramedic students usually participate in clinical practice in emergency department as one of their educational courses. We investigated the effects of hospital based clinical practice and participation in real cardiac arrest situation on paramedic students' CPR performance and recognition. METHODS: Eighty-one paramedic students from 10 different universities who received hospital based clinical practice for 3 or 4 weeks in a regional emergency medical center from December 2016 to August 2017 were enrolled in our study. Subjects were asked, using a questionnaire, about their confidence and willingness to perform CPR before and after clinical practice. We also objectively measured two minute-CPR performance using the Laerdal skill reporter before and after clinical practice. During clinical practice, students participated in real CPR situations and took several theoretical examinations; however, additional CPR practical training was not included. RESULTS: This study included 48.1% male volunteers and 70.4% respondents who had Basic Life Support provider certification. The average number of real CPR situations participated in was 8.35 times. Scores in confidence of CPR increased significantly (3.80 vs. 4.36, P < 0.001) after clinical practice; however, scores in willingness to conduct CPR were high in both groups (4.46 vs. 4.48, P=0.787). Average chest compression depth also increased significantly (51.3 mm vs. 55.5 mm, P < 0.001) after clinical practice, but average compression rate showed no difference (111 vs. 111, P=0.694). Correct hand positioning and chest recoil also showed no difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Hospital based clinical practice of paramedic students could provide extra confidence in student's ability to perform CPR and lead to adequate chest compression depth.
Allied Health Personnel* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Certification ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hand ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thorax ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a first aid coaching program (FACP) and to investigate its effects on the first aid knowledge, confidence, and performance of childcare teachers. METHODS: A Delphi survey that included 16 experts was used to develop the FACP. A total of 60 participants were included to test the effectiveness of the program. The FACP developed using the survey results focused on improving first aid knowledge, confidence, and performance using a coaching-based method. First aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance was assessed using 39 items from the program content. RESULTS: Using a 3-round Delphi survey, 6 areas and 42 detailed topics for group and individual coaching programs were developed. The knowledge scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=4.24, p=.001). The confidence scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (F=3.89, p < .001). The performance scores were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=12.40, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Continuous application of the FACP among child care teachers is expected to minimize the harm caused by minor accidents at child care facilities. This program should be formally implemented on a consistent basis.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Child ; Child Care* ; Child* ; Delphi Technique ; First Aid* ; Health Education ; Humans ; Methods

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the status of the advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) according to the guidelines by residents belonging to other departments other than the department of emergency medicine. The differences in status between the junior group and senior group was also investigated according to grades of residents. METHODS: The ACLS performance for in-hospital cardiac arrest cases of one academic hospital, except for the cases occurring in intensive care unit between November 2015 and October 2017, were analyzed retrospectively. Data included the characteristics of residents, patients' outcomes, ACLS performance, and conventional treatment having discordance with the ACLS guidelines. Leaders during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were divided into a junior group and senior group. RESULTS: A total of 152 cases were enrolled in this study. Of these, 131 cases (86.2%) showed at least one treatment with inconsistency from the guidelines and the incidence of discordant treatment was similar in the two groups (55 [85.9%] vs. 76 [88.4%], P=0.657). Implicit use of sodium bicarbonate was more frequent in the senior residents group (odds ratio [OR], 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–6.81). On the other hand, no use of a defibrillator was less frequent in the senior residents group (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.03–0.81). CONCLUSION: In both groups, the rate of discordance with the ACLS guidelines during CPR were high. The rate of implicit use of sodium bicarbonate and no use of defibrillator were significantly different in the two groups. A customized education strategy for ACLS is needed for each group.
Advanced Cardiac Life Support* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Defibrillators ; Education ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Medicine* ; Hand ; Heart Arrest* ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium Bicarbonate

OBJECTIVE: Performing high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is important for improving the survival rate with a good neurological outcome and fewer complications. The retention of accurate CPR knowledge is essential for providing high quality CPR. This study examined the effects of chest compression only CPR training on the retention of correct CPR knowledge. METHODS: In December 2016, an interview survey to target the study population was conducted by trained interviewers, using a structured questionnaire. The respondents' general characteristics, status of CPR education, and knowledge and willingness regarding CPR were investigated. Pearson's chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine which education-related factors affected the correct skill knowledge of performing CPR. RESULTS: Among the respondents, there are 80 persons (17.4%) who answered correctly in the questions regarding the skills of performing CPR. The respondents who had a willingness to perform CPR to family and strangers were 90.2% and 44.9% respectively. Through multivariable analysis, the factors related to correct skill knowledge in performing CPR in the didactic with practice group were people who had undergone CPR training within 2 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.293; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.311–4.009), and person who had undergone chest compression only CPR training (OR, 2.044; 95% CI, 1.033–4.042). CONCLUSION: Chest compression only type of CPR training and the experience of CPR education within 2 years were associated with accurate skill knowledge of performing CPR.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Education ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Survival Rate ; Thorax*

OBJECTIVE: The increasing number of people living in high-rise apartments may result in a delayed response from emergency medical technicians called out for an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, making the role of apartment managers as the first responders extremely important. This study investigated whether automated external defibrillator (AED) placement influences the willingness of apartment managers to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use an AED. METHODS: A cross-sectional target population-based survey was conducted in Daegu, July 2016. Questionnaires were sent to apartment managers working in apartments with more than 500 households. The general characteristics of the respondents, status of CPR education, and knowledge about and willingness to perform CPR and use an AED were investigated. RESULTS: Of the 1,445 respondents, 758 (52.5%) worked in apartments with AEDs, of which 77.8% and 70.8% were willing to perform CPR and use an AED, respectively, compared with 68.1% and 60.0% of respondents who worked in apartments without AEDs. After adjusting for potential confounders, AED placement was associated with the willingness to perform CPR (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.71) and use an AED (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.10–1.75). Prior CPR training and accurate knowledge of CPR skills were also associated with the willingness to perform CPR and use an AED. CONCLUSION: Placing AEDs in high-rise apartment buildings and providing refresher CPR education for maintaining CPR skills will be necessary to support apartment managers in their role as first responders.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Daegu ; Defibrillators* ; Education ; Emergency Medical Technicians ; Emergency Responders ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ; Surveys and Questionnaires