Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a degenerative neurological disorder that can lead to cognitive decline,mental behavior abnormalities,and a reduced ability to undertake daily life activities.Tryptophan is an essential amino acid for the human body and is produced by three main metabolic pathways,namely kynurenine,5-hydroxytryptamine,and indole derivatives.Influencing the metabolites of tryptophan can ameliorate neuroinflammation in the brain and significantly improve cognitive ability,while the occurrence and development of AD are reduced.In this paper,we review the research literature on the use of tryptophan metabolism intervention in AD in the last 3 years from CNKI,PubMed,and other databases,and summarize its mechanism of action,with a view to providing a reference for further research on anti-AD drugs.

AIM:To identify transcriptional differences between the ocular surface ectoderm(OSE)and surface ectoderm(SE)using RNA-seq, and elucidate the OSE transcriptome landscape and the regulatory networks involved in its development.METHODS:OSE and SE cells were differentiated from human embryonic stem(hES)cells. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between OSE and SE were analyzed using RNA-seq. Based on the DEGs, we performed gene ontology(GO)analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction(PPI)network analysis. Transcription factors(TFs)and hub genes were screened. Subsequently, TF-gene and TF-miRNA regulatory networks were constructed using the NetworkAnalyst platform.RESULTS:A total of 4 182 DEGs were detected between OSE and SE cells, with 2 771 up-regulated and 1 411 down-regulated genes in OSE cells. GO-BP analysis revealed that up-regulated genes in OSE were enriched in the regulation of ion transmembrane transport, axon development, and modulation of chemical synaptic transmission. Down-regulated genes were primarily involved in nuclear division, chromosome segregation, and regulation of cell cycle phase transition. KEGG analysis indicated that up-regulated genes in OSE cells were enriched in signaling pathways such as cocaine addiction, axon guidance, and amphetamine addiction, while down-regulated genes were enriched in proteoglycans in cancer, ECM-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. Additionally, compared with SE, 204 TFs(including FOS, EGR1, POU5F1, SOX2, and PAX6)were up-regulated, and 80 TFs(including HAND2, HOXB6, HOXB5, HOXA5, and HOXB8)were down-regulated in OSE cells. Furthermore, we identified 6 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated hub genes in OSE cells, and constructed TF-gene and TF-miRNA regulatory networks based on these hub genes.CONCLUSIONS:The transcriptome characteristics of OSE and SE cells were elucidated through RNA-seq analysis. These findings may provide a novel insight for studies on the development and in vitro directed induction of OSE and corneal epithelial cells.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a degenerative neurological disorder that can lead to cognitive decline,mental behavior abnormalities,and a reduced ability to undertake daily life activities.Tryptophan is an essential amino acid for the human body and is produced by three main metabolic pathways,namely kynurenine,5-hydroxytryptamine,and indole derivatives.Influencing the metabolites of tryptophan can ameliorate neuroinflammation in the brain and significantly improve cognitive ability,while the occurrence and development of AD are reduced.In this paper,we review the research literature on the use of tryptophan metabolism intervention in AD in the last 3 years from CNKI,PubMed,and other databases,and summarize its mechanism of action,with a view to providing a reference for further research on anti-AD drugs.

"Internet + Nursing Services" can provide convenient and high-quality nursing services for elderly patients with chronic diseases and other people who are inconvenient to travel. Actively promoting "Internet + Nursing Services" is of great significance for accelerating healthy aging and facilitating the implementation of the healthy China strategy. This article analyzes the problems existing in the implementation of "Internet + Nursing Services", and finds that: related laws and regulations are lacking, and supporting systems urgently need to be improved; nurses have limited time and energy, and there are concerns about personal safety and practice safety; the actual service utilization rate of patients needs to be improved; the service mode is relatively sporadic and single; there are isolated islands of information and risks of data leakage. This article puts forward corresponding development countermeasures and suggestions in order to provide a reference for the healthy and sustainable development of "Internet + Nursing Services".

OBJECTIVE：To preliminarily study the antitumor mechanism of Periplaneta americana extract C Ⅱ-3 on MFC tumor-bearing mice. METHODS ：Balb/c mice were randomly divided into model group （normal saline 20 mL/kg）and C Ⅱ-3 group （200 mg/kg），with 6 mice in each group. MFC cell suspension （0.2 mL）was injected under the right armpit of mice. On the next day，mice were given relevant medicine intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 10 d. 24 h after the last administration ，Based on the measurement of tumor size ， 1H-NMR technology combined with unsupervised PCA ，supervised PLS-DA and OPLS-DA were used to compare metabolic spectrum of liver tissue from tumor-bearing mice of 2 groups，to analyze differential metabolites and to explore the potential antitumor mechanis m of C Ⅱ -3. RESULTS ：Compared with model group ，the tumor body was significantly reduced in tumor-bearing mice of C Ⅱ-3 group. There were differences in 1H-NMR spectra between the 2 No.81960712）； groups. According to unsupervised PCA ，supervised PLS-DA and OPLS-DA ，totally six potential differential metabolites ，as glycogen （increased），pyruvate （decreased），arginine （de- creased），hydroxyproline （increased），inosine （increased） and niacinamide （increased），were identified in the liver tissue，which were mainly attributed to the metabolism of arginine ，energy and nucleic acid. CONCLUSIONS：The anti tumor effect of C Ⅱ-3 may be related to the regulation of arginine metabolism ，energy metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism.