Psychotropic medication plays a crucial role in the field of mental illness,and the issues of drug efficacy and safety due to individual differences cannot be ignored.Genetic factors,especially the genetic poly-morphisms related to drug-metabolizing enzymes,drug action targets,and risk,have a significant impact on drug responses.Pharmacogenomics,by detecting genetic polymorphisms,can reveal a patient's inherited tend-encies towards drug efficacy,pharmacokinetic characteristics,and potential toxicity,thereby predicting the therapeutic effects and adverse reactions of drug treatment,and providing guidance for personalized therapy.Therefore,individualized medication based on pharmacogenomics helps to improve cure rates,reduce relapse rates,and decrease medical costs,which is of great significance to clinical medication in mental illness.

Objective To understand the application effect of early screening scale and behavioral intervention effect in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods A total of 348 children with suspected ASD were selected and evaluated using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). The evaluation results were compared with those from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V). Children enrolled were given Early start Denver model (ESDM) intervention. The evaluation results of Gesell Developmental Scale and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) scores were compared before and after intervention. Results The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Kappa value of M-CHAT for evaluating ASD in children aged 1-3 years were 89.53%, 90.70%, 89.92% and 0.78. The corresponding values of ABC were 78.49%, 81.40%, 79.46% and 0.56. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and Kappa value of M-CHAT for evaluating children aged >3-6 years were 87.30%, 77.78%, 84.44% and 0.64. The corresponding values of ABC were 85.71%, 77.78%, 83.33% and 0.62. The sensitivity and accuracy of M-CHAT were higher than ABC for evaluating ASD in children aged 1-3 years (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy between M-CHAT and ABC for evaluating ASD in children aged 3-6 years (P>0.05). After intervention, development quotients (DQ) of personal-social aspects, adaptability, language, gross motor, and fine motor of children with ASD were higher than those before intervention (P<0.05). ATEC scores for language, behavior, sensation, and social contact of children with ASD were lower than those before intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion M-CHAT and ABC both can be used for early screening of ASD in children, especially M-CHAT. Early behavioral intervention can effectively improve the condition and developmental level of children with ASD.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of constructing the risk index of Echinococcus infection based on the classification of echinococcosis lesions, so as to provide insights into the management of echinococcosis. Methods The imaging data of echinococcosis cases were collected from epidemiological surveys of echinococcosis in China from 2012 to 2016, and the detection of incident echinococcosis cases was captured from the annual echinococcosis prevention and control reports across provinces (autonomous regions) and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in China from 2017 to 2022. After echinococcosis lesions were classified, a risk index of Echinococcus infection was constructed based on the principle of discrete distribution marginal probability and multi-group classification data tests. The correlation between the risk index of Echinococcus infection and the detection of incident echinococcosis cases was evaluated in the provinces (autonomous regions and corps) from 2017 to 2022, and the correlations between the short and medium-term risk indices and between the medium and long-term risk indices of Echinococcus infection were examined using a univariate linear regression model. Results A total of 4 014 echinococcosis cases in China from 2012 to 2016 were included in this study. The short-, medium- and long-term risk indices of E. granulosus infection varied in echinococcosis-endemic provinces (autonomous regions and corps) of China (χ² = 4.12 to 708.65, all P values < 0.05), with high short- (0.058), medium- (0.137) and long-term risk indices (0.104) in Tibet Autonomous Region, and the short-, medium- and long-term risk indices of E. multilocularis infection varied in echinococcosis-endemic provinces (autonomous regions and corps) of China (χ² = 6.74 to 122.60, all P values < 0.05), with a high short-term risk index in Sichuan Province (0.016) and high medium- (0.009) and long-term risk indices in Qinghai Province (0.018). There were no significant correlations between the risk index of E. granulosus infection and the detection of incident cystic echinococcosis cases during the study period (t = −0.518 to 2.265, all P values > 0.05), and strong correlations were found between the risk indices of E. multilocularis infection and the detection of incident alveolar echinococcosis cases (including mixed type) in 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, during the period from 2017 through 2020, from 2017 through 2021, from 2017 through 2022 (all r values > 0.7, t = 2.521 to 3.692, all P values < 0.05). Linear regression models were established between the risk index of E. multilocular infection and the detection of alveolar echinococcosis cases (including mixed type), and the models were all statistically significant (b = 0.214 to 2.168, t = 2.458 to 3.692, F = 6.044 to 13.629, all P values < 0.05). The regression coefficients for the correlations between the medium- and short-term, and between the long- and medium-term risk indices of E. granulosus infection were 2.339 and 0.765, and the regression coefficients for the correlations between the medium- and short-term, and between the long- and medium-term risk indices of E. multilocular infection were 0.280 and 1.842, with statistical significance seen in both the regression coefficients and regression models (t = 16.479 to 197.304, F = 271.570 to 38 928.860, all P values < 0.05). Conclusions The risk index of Echinococcus infection has been successfully established based on the classification of echinococcosis lesions, which may provide insights into the prevention and control, prediction, diagnosis and treatment, and classified management of echinococcosis.

Background and Aims:Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is a major cause of acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Without timely treatment,it can lead to thrombus detachment,resulting in pulmonary embolism and increased mortality risk. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy,particularly using the AngioJet thrombectomy system,is a widely used thrombectomy method. The combination of AngioJet thrombectomy with iliac vein stent placement provides a novel treatment option for DVT associated with IVCS. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AngioJet thrombectomy combined with iliac vein stent placement in treating DVT with IVCS.Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with DVT and IVCS treated between April 2019 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty patients underwent AngioJet thrombectomy combined with iliac vein stent placement (observation group),while another 60 patients received catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) combined with stent placement (control group). The clinical efficacy,outcomes (thrombus clearance grade,thrombolysis duration,venous patency score,hospitalization duration,urokinase dosage,thigh circumference difference,and calf circumference difference),Villalta scores at various time points before and after treatment,and adverse events (chest tightness,mild pulmonary embolism,bleeding at the catheter insertion site,and mild renal function impairment) were compared between the two groups.Results:The overall efficacy rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (98.33％ vs. 86.67％,P=0.015). While there was no significant difference in thrombus clearance grade between the two groups (P>0.05),the observation group had significantly shorter thrombolysis duration,lower urokinase dosage,and shorter hospitalization time compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in thigh circumference difference,calf circumference difference,or venous patency score between the two groups (all P>0.05). After treatment,the observation group had significantly better venous patency score and smaller thigh and calf circumference differences than the control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Villalta score between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). Post-treatment Villalta scores showed a significant decreasing trend over time in both groups compared to pre-treatment scores (all P<0.05),but there were no statistically significant differences in Villalta scores between the two groups at 1,6,and 12 months after treatment (all P>0.05). The total incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the two groups (10.00％ vs. 3.33％,P=0.143).Conclusion:The use of AngioJet thrombectomy combined with iliac vein stent placement for the treatment of lower extremity DVT with IVCS can shorten thrombolysis and hospitalization duration,reduce thrombolytic drug dosage,and achieve better and safer outcomes,making it worthy of clinical application.

Background and Aims:Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is a major cause of acute lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Without timely treatment,it can lead to thrombus detachment,resulting in pulmonary embolism and increased mortality risk. Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy,particularly using the AngioJet thrombectomy system,is a widely used thrombectomy method. The combination of AngioJet thrombectomy with iliac vein stent placement provides a novel treatment option for DVT associated with IVCS. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of AngioJet thrombectomy combined with iliac vein stent placement in treating DVT with IVCS.Methods:The clinical data of 120 patients with DVT and IVCS treated between April 2019 and October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty patients underwent AngioJet thrombectomy combined with iliac vein stent placement (observation group),while another 60 patients received catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) combined with stent placement (control group). The clinical efficacy,outcomes (thrombus clearance grade,thrombolysis duration,venous patency score,hospitalization duration,urokinase dosage,thigh circumference difference,and calf circumference difference),Villalta scores at various time points before and after treatment,and adverse events (chest tightness,mild pulmonary embolism,bleeding at the catheter insertion site,and mild renal function impairment) were compared between the two groups.Results:The overall efficacy rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (98.33％ vs. 86.67％,P=0.015). While there was no significant difference in thrombus clearance grade between the two groups (P>0.05),the observation group had significantly shorter thrombolysis duration,lower urokinase dosage,and shorter hospitalization time compared to the control group (all P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differences in thigh circumference difference,calf circumference difference,or venous patency score between the two groups (all P>0.05). After treatment,the observation group had significantly better venous patency score and smaller thigh and calf circumference differences than the control group (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Villalta score between the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). Post-treatment Villalta scores showed a significant decreasing trend over time in both groups compared to pre-treatment scores (all P<0.05),but there were no statistically significant differences in Villalta scores between the two groups at 1,6,and 12 months after treatment (all P>0.05). The total incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the two groups (10.00％ vs. 3.33％,P=0.143).Conclusion:The use of AngioJet thrombectomy combined with iliac vein stent placement for the treatment of lower extremity DVT with IVCS can shorten thrombolysis and hospitalization duration,reduce thrombolytic drug dosage,and achieve better and safer outcomes,making it worthy of clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo assess the effects of minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle for treatment of pelvic fractures sustained in earthquake.

METHODSNine patients with pelvic fractures during Ludian earthquake (August 3, 2014) were treated with minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle followed by anterior ring fixation and reconstruction plate or posterior ring fixation with percutaneous sacroiliac lag screws. The operative time, incision length, blood loss volume, and pre- and postoperative pain levels were recorded. The surgical complications such as lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury and hip adduction incapability were observed.

RESULTSThe minimal invasive surgery achieved satisfactory clinical effects and allowed convenient operation with better surgical exposure, shorter operative time, less blood loss and pain. The patients showed excellent fracture reduction and stable internal fixation without lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury or hip adduction incapability.

CONCLUSIONSThe minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle is suitable for treatment of pelvic fractures with anteriorly interior fixation, especially in rescuing victims in the event of an earthquake where blood supply can be very limited.

Blood Loss, Surgical ; Bone Plates ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Pain, Postoperative ; Pelvic Bones ; pathology ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Rectus Abdominis ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on cochlea morphology and expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in guinea pigs with endolymphatic hydrops, so as to explore the possible mechanism of EA on endolymphatic hydrops.

METHODSForty guinea pigs were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a medication group and an EA group, 10 guinea pigs in each one. Model of endolymphatic hydrops was established by using intraperitoneal injection of aldosterone. Guinea pigs in the blank group and model group were treated with identical immobilization as EA group but no treatment was given; guinea pigs in the medication group were treated with intragastric administration of hydrochlorothiazide at a dose of 5 mg/kg, once a day for consecutive 10 days; guinea pigs in the EA group were treated with' EA at "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Tinggong"(SI 19), once a day for consecutive 10 days. The serum ionic concentration in each group was tested by turbidimetric method; hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to measure the severity of cochlea hydrops; immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of AQP1 in the cochlea.

RESULTS(1) There was no endolymphatic hydrops in the blank group, moderate-severe endolymphatic hydrops in the model group and slight endolymphatic hydrops in the EA group and medication group. (2) The concentration of K+ and Ca2+ in the EA group was higher than that in the model group and medication group (all P<0. 01); the concentration of Na+ was lower than that in the model group (P< 0. 01) but higher than that in the medication group (P<0. 01); the concentration of Cl- was higher than that in the medication group (P<0. 01), but not significantly different from the model group (P>0. 05). (3) The ratio of expression area of AQP1 in the model group was lower than that in the blank group (P<0. 01); the ratio of expression area of AQP1 in the EA group was higher than that in the model group (P<0. 01), and lower than that in the medication group without significant difference (P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONEA could relieve the endolymphatic hydrops in guinea pigs; the mechanism is likely to be related with up-regulating the expression of AQP1 in cochlea and ion concentration might be an important factor involved.

Animals ; Aquaporins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cochlea ; anatomy & histology ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Electroacupuncture ; Endolymphatic Hydrops ; genetics ; metabolism ; therapy ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male

objective To evaluate the clinical effect of touqing capsule associated with Fengchi on the vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis(CSA)in the attack stage.Methods A total of 100 patients with CSA, according to the doctor order, were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group respectively, with 50 patients in each. The control group was treated with acupuncture therapy, the treatment group was additionally treated with Touqingcapsule on the basis of the control group, and both groups were treated for 20 days. The hemodynamics was detected by transcranial doppler, the change of TCM syndrome integral was observed before and after the treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results After treatment, the treatment group dizziness (1.10 ± 0.33 vs. 2.01 ± 0.26,t=14.909), neck shoulder ache (0.87 ± 0.16 vs. 1.92 ± 0.69,t=10.266), numbness (0.95 ± 0.14)vs. 1.87 ± 0.16,t=29.844), the total integral (2.16 ± 0.75 vs.3.89 ± 1.14,t=8.756) integral were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.01).Treatment group RVA (40.03 ± 5.89 cm/svs. 34.26 ± 6.26 cm/s,t=4.628), the LVA (42.14 ± 5.42 cm/svs.33.89 ± 6.08 cm/s,t=6.985) rise and PI (0.79 ± 0.14 vs.1.04 ± 0.19,t=7.312) reduction were significantly better than those of the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate in the treatment group was significantly better than the control group (91.7%(44/48)vs. 74.5%(35/47),χ2=3.863, P=3.863).Conclusion Touqing Capsule associated with Fengchi is effective for CSA. Its functional mechanism is correlated with improvement of haemodynamics of vertebral-basilar artery of the CSA patients.

Objective To assess the effects of minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle for treatment of pelvic fractures sustained in earthquake. Methods Nine patients with pelvic fractures during Ludian earthquake (August 3, 2014) were treated with minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle followed by anterior ring fixation and reconstruction plate or posterior ring fixation with percutaneous sacroiliac lag screws. The operative time, incision length, blood loss volume, and pre- and postoperative pain levels were recorded. The surgical complications such as lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury and hip adduction incapability were observed. Results The minimal invasive surgery achieved satisfactory clinical effects and allowed convenient operation with better surgical exposure, shorter operative time, less blood loss and pain. The patients showed excellent fracture reduction and stable internal fixation without lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury or hip adduction incapability. Conclusions The minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle is suitable for treatment of pelvic fractures with anteriorly interior fixation, especially in rescuing victims in the event of an earthquake where blood supply can be very limited.

Objective To assess the effects of minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle for treatment of pelvic fractures sustained in earthquake. Methods Nine patients with pelvic fractures during Ludian earthquake (August 3, 2014) were treated with minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle followed by anterior ring fixation and reconstruction plate or posterior ring fixation with percutaneous sacroiliac lag screws. The operative time, incision length, blood loss volume, and pre- and postoperative pain levels were recorded. The surgical complications such as lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury and hip adduction incapability were observed. Results The minimal invasive surgery achieved satisfactory clinical effects and allowed convenient operation with better surgical exposure, shorter operative time, less blood loss and pain. The patients showed excellent fracture reduction and stable internal fixation without lateral femoral cutaneous nerve injury or hip adduction incapability. Conclusions The minimal invasive surgery through an incision near the rectus abdominis muscle is suitable for treatment of pelvic fractures with anteriorly interior fixation, especially in rescuing victims in the event of an earthquake where blood supply can be very limited.