Objective Based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 (GBD 2023), this study analyzes the trends in disease burden and years lived with disability (YLD) of bladder cancer in China from 1990 to 2023. Methods Epidemiological data on bladder cancer in China were obtained from the GBD 2023 database.The age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), YLD and population attributable fraction (PAF) of risk factors were calculated.Temporal trends were evaluated using the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), and Joinpoint regression was applied to compute the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) for trend analysis. Results Between 1990 and 2023, the number of bladder cancer patients requiring rehabilitation services increased from 213 568 cases to 587 191 cases, representing a 175.0% increase.The YLD rose from 22 158 to 56 620, marking a 155.6% growth.The ASPR increased from 22.6/100 000 to 25.7/100 000 (EAPC=0.06), indicating a stable trend.The age-standardized YLD rate (ASYR) remained at 2.5/100 000 (EAPC=-0.32), indicating a downward trend.Notably, gender disparities in disease burden were evident, with male patients and YLD being 4.63 times and 4.25 times higher than their female counterparts, respectively.Risk factor analysis showed that smoking and high fasting plasma glucose were the main risk factors for bladder cancer.The ASYR attributable to high fasting plasma glucose showed an increasing trend in males (EAPC=0.13) but a decreasing trend in females (EAPC=-1.41). Conclusion The demand for rehabilitation and disease burden of bladder cancer in China have significantly increased, with particularly heavy burdens among males and the elderly population.It is urgent to formulate targeted interventions, strengthen tobacco control, occupational protection, and weight management, and establish an integrated rehabilitation service system to address the increasingly severe disease burden caused by bladder cancer.