Candida famata previously called Torulopsis famata or Debaryomyces hansenii, is usually found in natural substrates. It was earlier considered nonpathogenic in humans; however, a number of clinical cases of human infection have been reported showing isolation of this yeast. Dermatologic literature contains only a few reports regarding cutaneous infection caused by Candida famata. An 18-year old woman presented with a 4-month history of a 4.0×3.0 cm sized erythematous erosive patch on her left sole. A skin biopsy revealed numerous spores and hyphae in the epidermis. Histopathological specimens showed positive findings using the Periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori methenamine silver stains but negative findings using acid-fast bacilli stain. Cultures from skin scrapings yielded numerous colonies. Identification of the fungus was processed up to species level using VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, Inc. Hazelwood, MO, USA), and Candida famata was isolated. She was administered itraconazole at a dose of 200 mg once daily, and following 5 weeks of therapy, the erosive lesion was noted to have completely healed with postinflammatory hyperpigmentation.
Biopsy ; Candida* ; Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Coloring Agents ; Epidermis ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Hyphae ; Itraconazole ; Methenamine ; Skin ; Spores ; Yeasts

BACKGROUND: Luliconazole (LLCZ) is an imidazole antifungal agent widely used in Japan for treatment of tinea, cutaneous candidiasis, and pityriaisis versicolor, etc. Theoretically, its potent antifungal activity should make it a viable option for various conditions of dermatophytoses, but there has been no studies to support the notion thus far. OBJECTIVE: This prompted the authors to investigate the distribution of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luliconazole by carrying out in vitro antifungal susceptibility test on Trichophyton (T.) species clinically isolated from Korean subjects with tinea pedis. METHODS: In vitro antifungal susceptibility test, with broth macrodilution method of luliconazole and terbinafine hydrochloride (TBF) as reference drug on two clinically isolated Trichophton species (22 strains of T. rubrum, 5 of T. mentagrophytes), was carried out. RESULTS: The range of MIC for LLCZ on the total of 27 strains was 0.0110~0.0140 microg/mL (geometric mean: 0.0027 microg/mL), and the range for TBF was 0.0120~0.0250 microg/mL (geometric mean: 0.0042 microg/mL). Additionally, the geometric mean for MIC of LLCZ on T. mentagrophytes was 0.0125 microg/mL, and on T. rubrum, it was 0.0019 microg/mL. No strain showed resistance in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: The authors hence demonstrated that antifungal activity of LLCZ in vitro against Trichophyton species clinically isolated from Korean subjects is quite superior. These findings emphasize the usefulness of LLCZ, a promising new imidazole, for the topical management of dermatophytoses.
Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Imidazoles ; Japan ; Lifting ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Naphthalenes ; Sprains and Strains ; Tinea ; Trichophyton

A one-year-old male Beagle dog showed dermatitis, alopecia and scales. Examination of the affected dog revealed generalized alopecia, patchy erythema, and superficial erosions with histological evidence of mural folliculitis. External tests for parasites in scraped skin samples were negative. However, fungal culture tests and polymerase chain reaction revealed the existence of Candida in the lesion. These results suggest that cutaneous candidiasis may induce mural folliculitis and alopecia in dogs.
Alopecia ; Animals ; Candida ; Candidiasis ; Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Dermatitis ; Dogs ; Erythema ; Folliculitis ; Humans ; Male ; Parasites ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; Weights and Measures

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) consists of several clinical syndrome characterized by chronic, treatment-resistant, superficial candidal infections of skin, nails and oropharynx. The patients with CMC usually have other manifestations including non-candidal infections, endocrinopathies and autoimmune diseases. These findings suggest that patients with CMC have multiple or complex abnormalities in their immune systems, especially of cell mediated immunity. The scrofuloderma or scrofuloderma-like BCGitis is used to describe the skin reaction and enlargement of regional lymph node with suppuration. In contrast to chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, BCGitis does not suggest underlying host immune defect in most cases. In our knowledge, there is no report about scrofuloderma-like BCGitis and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis occurring in the same patient. Herein, we report a case of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with scrofuloderma-like BCGitis.
Autoimmune Diseases ; Candidiasis, Chronic Mucocutaneous ; Humans ; Immune System ; Immunity, Cellular ; Lymph Nodes ; Nails ; Oropharynx ; Skin ; Suppuration ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous

Although candidal infections are common in the neonatal period, less than 100 cases of Congenital Cutaneous Candidiais (CCC) have been reported in the English literature. CCC appears to be acquired in the uterus by the ascension of organisms from an infected vagina into the uterine cavity. In this report, we describe a premature baby with CCC. At 6 months, his mother had a vaginal candidial infection which was treated. Her pregnancy terminated in preterm labor at 32 weeks. Desquamated patches that involved the trunk and extremities were noted at birth. The possibility of CCC was considered and numerous psedohyphae and spores were seen in the lesions by KOH microscopic examination. The skin lesions cleared completely after 2 weeks of topical clotrimazole cream.
Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Chlormequat ; Clotrimazole ; Extremities ; Female ; Humans ; Mothers ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Skin ; Spores ; Uterus ; Vagina

BACKGROUNDIt is uncertain whether genotypes of Candida albicans (C. albicans) are associated with colonizing body locations or variant conditions of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are significant associations between strain genotypes and body sites of infection and to determine the potential pathogenesis of cutaneous candidiasis at multiple locations.

METHODSA total of 151 strains of C. albicans were isolated from 74 infant patients with cutaneous candidiasis and 61 female patients with vaginal candidiasis. Patients were grouped according to the body sites and underlying conditions of infection. Genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 25S rDNA and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of ALT repeats digested with EcoRI and Clal.

RESULTSTen genotypes were detected. There were significant differences in genotype frequencies between the two groups. However, we found no clear association between genotypes and the sites of cutaneous infection or the underlying conditions of vaginal candidiasis (VVC). In addition, strains of C. albicans from multiple cutaneous locations of the same patient had identical genotypes.

CONCLUSIONSPopulations of C. albicans from patients with cutaneous and vaginal candidiasis were genetically different. However, the lack of genetic difference between strains from different body sites with cutaneous infections or from different underlying conditions for VVC suggests no evidence of genotype selection for different skin surfaces or patients with different underlying conditions for VVC.

Candida albicans ; classification ; genetics ; Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; virology ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal ; virology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Pancreatic tissue is maintained by a simple proliferation of the preexisting cells in adulthood, whereas, they are dynamically derived from precursor/ stem cells from ductal epithelia during prenatal life. It has been known that tissue regeneration rarely occurs in the normal adult pancreas, particularly in the human pancreas. However, regeneration can be experimentally induced in the adult pancreas in response to various tissue injuries such as partial resection, pancreatitis by obstruction of the duct, and chemical insults. Regenerating pancreatic tissue shares a common morphogenic feature of "neogenic regeneration" in all regenerating animal models. Neogenic regeneration occurs at the site of tissue injury by forming small tubular structures with elongated epithelial cells (ductules) which grow to form pancreatic ducts and acini. The endocrine cells, including insulin secreting beta cells, are also derived from these ductules. As a sequential process of neogenesis, the regenerating tissue becomes heterogeneous in composition. Some areas were composed by tubules and ductules in surrounding loose connective tissue while others were denser with differentiating acini derived from tubules or ductules. Such neogenic regeneration mimics tissue development during fetal pancreatic organogenesis. In the process of pancreatic neogenesis, we found unique expressions of bioactive proteins such as nestin and clusterin as morphogenic factors. It is likely that the stem/precursor cells could be recapitulated and regenerated to functional cells, including endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells with acinar and ductal cells during neogenic regeneration of the pancreas.
Adult ; Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Clusterin ; Connective Tissue ; Endocrine Cells* ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Insulin ; Models, Animal ; Nestin ; Organogenesis ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Ducts ; Pancreatitis ; Regeneration* ; Social Change ; Stem Cells ; Tinea

Superficial cutaneous mycosis is mycotic infection of the epidermis of the skin, and one of common dermatoses in Korea. They have close relationship between host (human) and fungi. Their clinical patterns and incidence, and their causative fungi may change with social environments and life patterns. Since 1945, GNP has been increased explosively, more than 243 folds, and economic developments brought abrupt changes of social environments and life patterns in Korea. Furthermore, there had been great social events during this period; Korean War in 1950-1953, the Asian Game in 1986, the Olympic Game in 1988 and the World Cup in 2002. Those events gave much chances for dermatophytes to move and change. Tinea pedis is the most common dermatophytosis and has been increased from 26% of all dermatophytosis in late 1950s to 40.9-42.2%. And tinea unguium(onychomycosis) has been increased as tinea pedis does; Its proportion was 2.8% in late 1950s, and 17% in 1990s. The patients with tinea pedis have high family infection rate and also have high coexisting dermatophytosis. The most common isolate was Trichophyton(T.) rubrum, followed by T. mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floccosum. Tinea capitis showed the most dramatic changes; its incidence was the highest just after Korean war and decreased abruptly since 1970s. Microsporum(M.) ferrugineum was the most common isolates till 1970s, and abruptly decreased and now nearly disappeared. Trichophyton(T.) violaceum was isolated in Cheju island. After Korean war, T. schoenleinii was isolated from favus and is disappeared. M. canis was isolated for the first time in 1959 and has been the most common isolates since late 1970s. T. verrucosum was isolated in 1986, and T. tonsurans was isolated for the first time in 1995 and spread among wrestlers, Judo players and Korean wrestlers. It might be imported by wrestlers with sport exchanging program. In cidence of tinea cruris was dramatically changed and was 5% of all dermatophytosis in 1940s, and 26.6-39.1% in 1990s. Those changes might be related to change of life patterns. Proportion of cutaneous candidiasis among superficial cutaneous mycosis was 1.9% in 1960s, 6.7% in 1973, 14.6% in 1976-1985, and 7.4% in 1989-1992. Proportion of pityriasis versicolor among superficial cutaneous mycosis was 12.1% in 1973, 7.7% in 1976-1985, and 7.7% in 1989-1992. Research for Malassezia have been increasing since late 1990s and that will bring us many new informations.
Arthrodermataceae ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Climacteric ; Epidermis ; Epidermophyton ; Fungi ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jeju-do ; Korea* ; Korean War ; Malassezia ; Martial Arts ; Mycoses* ; Skin ; Skin Diseases ; Social Change ; Social Environment ; Sports ; Tinea ; Tinea Capitis ; Tinea Favosa ; Tinea Pedis ; Tinea Versicolor

Several physiological skin changes such as vernix caseosa, cutis marmorata, physiologic desquamation, and sebaceous hyperplasia have been described in the neonatal period. There are also clinical characteristics of skin peculiar to neonate and infancy. Skin disorders observed during neonatal and infancy period can be divided into transient skin lesions, birth marks, and other diseases. Transient skin lesions include milia, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, erythema neonatorum, transient neonatal pustular melanosis, and acne neonatorum. Nevocellular nevus, mongolian spot, vascular malformation, hemangioma, epidermal nevus, and sebaceous nevus belong to birth marks. There are several common skin diseases such as miliaria, diaper dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and cutaneous candidiasis.
Acne Vulgaris ; Candidiasis, Cutaneous ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Erythema ; Hemangioma ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Infant, Newborn ; Melanosis ; Miliaria ; Mongolian Spot ; Nevus ; Parturition ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin Diseases* ; Skin* ; Vascular Malformations ; Vernix Caseosa

BACKGOUND: CHROMagar Candida is a new differential culture medium that allows selective isolation and identification of clinically important Candida species. However, no study of CHROMagar Candida in superficial cutaneous candidiasis has been reported in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of CHROMagar Candida to identify Candida species isolated from patients with cutaneous candidiasis. METHOD: A total of 95 strains isolated from 92 patients with candidiasis (70 Candida albicans, 9 Candida parapsilosis, 7 Candida guilliermondii, 1 Candida krusei, 1 Candida glabrata, 1 Candida tropicalis, 2 C. albicans plus C. parapsilosis, 1 C. albicans plus C. krusei) were subcultured to CHROMagar Candida (KOMED, Korea) and incubated for 48 hours. Colony appearance on CHROMagar Candida was assessed by two observers. RESULTS: Expected colony appearance on CHROMagar Candida was 100% for C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis, respectively but 85.7% for C. guilliermondii and 77.8% for C. parapsilosis. Three mixed cultures of Candida species, not detected by conventional methods, were detected by CHROMagar Candida. CONCLUSION: CHROMagar Candida is a useful isolation medium capable of a rapid presumptive identification of Candida species and more reliable detection of mixed cultures in clinical specimens.
Candida albicans ; Candida glabrata ; Candida tropicalis ; Candida* ; Candidiasis ; Candidiasis, Cutaneous* ; Humans ; Korea