To evaluate and summarize the evidence of diet and physical activity management in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS). BMJ Best Practice, UpToDate, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) database, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) network, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) network, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Guidelines International Network (GIN), Medlive, Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario (RNAO) network, American Diabetes Association (ADA) network, New Zealand Guideline Group (NZGG) network, Canadian medical association clinical practice guidelines network, PubMed, EmBase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Knowledge Data Service Platform and Chinese biomedical database were searched systematically to obtain guidelines, evidence summary, expert consensus, best practice information book, clinical decision-making, recommended practice, and systematic review on diet and physical activity management in patients with MS. The retrieval period is from the establishment of database to November 2021. Two researchers with evidence-based medicine background evaluated the quality and evidence level of the included literature. A total of 36 articles met the criteria, including 3 guidelines, 5 expert consensus, 1 clinical decision and 27 systematic reviews. We summarized 49 pieces of evidence related to diet and physical activity in patients with MS, involving 15 aspects, namely diet goals, diet patterns, diet time, carbohydrate intake, fat intake, fiber intake, salt intake, fruits, vegetables and grains intake, coffee intake, effects of diet, principle of physical activity, intensity, form, time of physical activity, effects of physical activity, physical activity prescription of patients with MS and cardiovascular disease, and the joint effects of diet and physical activity. Diet and physical activity management can effectively improve the health outcomes of patients with MS. Health professionals should choose and apply the best evidence with consideration of the clinical situation and patient preference.
Canada ; Consensus ; Diet ; Exercise ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of cupping treatment combined with antibiotics and antibiotics alone for bacterial pneumonia in children. METHODS: A total of 72 children with bacterial pneumonia were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (36 cases). The children in the control group were treated with intravenous drip of cefodizine sodium [80 mg/(kg•d)] for 7 days. Based on the treatment of the control group, the children in the observation group were treated with cupping treatment on the bladder meridian of the back on the first day and the fourth day of antibiotic treatment; each cupping treatment was given for 5-10 min; the treatment of observation group was given for 7 days. The days for complete fever reduction, TCM syndrome scores and Canadian acute respiratory illness flu scale (CARIFS) scores before and after treatment were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS: The days for complete fever reduction in the observation group were shorter than that in the control group ( CONCLUSION Cupping treatment combined with antibiotics has similar efficacy with antibiotics alone for bacterial pneumonia in children, but shows better effect in shortening the duration of fever and improving pulmonary symptoms.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Canada ; Child ; Cough ; Cupping Therapy ; Humans ; Pneumonia, Bacterial ; Treatment Outcome

With the recent legalization of recreational cannabis in Canada and 11 states of the U.S., the interest surrounding cannabis use is increasing. However, many people and even clinicians in Korea do not have exact knowledge about the psychiatric consequences of cannabis use. In this narrative review, the characteristics of cannabis, the endocannabinoid system, and the psychiatric consequences of cannabis use were provided. Cannabis contains more than 80 cannabinoids in the native plant. Psychotropic properties of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol are most well studied. The two main receptors are cannabinoid-1 receptor and cannabinoid-2 receptor. Several endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, act on the receptors as the endogenous ligands. Cannabis influences mood, cognitive functions, and psychomotor functions in acute phase responses, increasing the odds ratio for motor vehicle crashes. Long-term cannabis use is associated with various psychotic outcomes, including the development of schizophrenia, although there is interindividual variability. Cannabis adversely influences learning, memory, and attention. More frequent, persistent, and earlier onset cannabis use is associated with greater cognitive impairment. The chronic cognitive effects of cannabis are complex and controversial. Cannabis has addictive potential, and cannabis use disorder is common. Clinicians should have evidence-based knowledge about the consequences of cannabis use and communicate accurate information about cannabis use and its associated risks to the public.
Canada ; Cannabidiol ; Cannabinoids ; Cannabis ; Cognition ; Cognition Disorders ; Endocannabinoids ; Korea ; Learning ; Ligands ; Marijuana Abuse ; Memory ; Motor Vehicles ; Odds Ratio ; Plants ; Psychoses, Substance-Induced ; Schizophrenia

This study was conducted to: (1) determine the profile of nurses in various work settings based on available databases; (2) describe the current nursing education and programs in the Philippines; and (3) identify national key issues affecting the nursing workforce. The study utilized descriptive, cross-sectional research design; and employed institutional survey, Delphi survey, and round table discussions. Results showed that the Department of Health has the current number of nurses working in hospitals and communities in the different regions, including information on age and sex distribution, employment characteristics, and type of hospital affiliations. The Professional Regulations Commission Board of Nursing has the results of the national licensure examinations. Commission on Higher Education has information on BSN curriculum and schools. Priority key issues identified are: (1) nursing leadership and nursing role clarity, (2) workplace safety and violence, and (3) shortage of nurses, (4) unjust compensation, and (5) skills mix and geographic maldistribution. PNA is thought to have a big role in helping address these key issues. 

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an invasive technique used during the surgical management of medically refractory epilepsy. The utility of SEEG rests in its ability to survey the three-dimensional organization of the epileptogenic zone as well as nearby eloquent cortices. Once concentrated to specialized centers in Europe and Canada, the SEEG methodology has gained worldwide popularity due to its favorable morbidity profile, superior coverage of deep structures, and ability to perform multilobar explorations without the need for craniotomy. This rapid shift in practice represents both a challenge and an opportunity for pediatric neurosurgeons familiar with the subdural grid approach. The purpose of this review is to discuss the indications, technique, and safety of long-term SEEG monitoring in children. In addition to reviewing the conceptual and technical points of the diagnostic evaluation, attention will also be given to SEEG-based interventions (e.g., radiofrequency thermo-coagulation).
Canada ; Child ; Craniotomy ; Epilepsy ; Europe ; Humans ; Neurosurgeons ; Pediatrics

Canine adenovirus type 1 (CAV-1) infection results in hepatitis in dogs. In this study, we investigated the biologic and genetic characteristics of the CAV-1 vaccine strain (CAV1V) to improve quality control about CAV vaccine. The identity of CAV1V as CAV-1 was confirmed based on its cytopathic effects and the results of hemagglutination (HA) and immunofluorescence assays, and electron microscopy. The CAV1V strain reached 10(7.5) TCID(50)/mL in MDCK cells at 4 days post-inoculation and exhibited hemmagglutination activity of 256 U using guinea pig erythrocytes. Intranuclear fluorescence in the infected cells was observed and typical adenoviruses were observed in electon microscope. CAV1V strain was identified as a CAV-1 strain by nucleotide sequence analysis. In a comparison of the nucleotide sequences of the fiber genes of several CAV strains, CAV1V showed the highest similarity (99.8%) with the GLAXO strain, which was isolated in Canada. Our biological characterization of CAV1V will facilitate quality control of the canine hepatitis vaccine.
Adenoviridae ; Adenoviruses, Canine ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Canada ; Dogs ; Erythrocytes ; Fluorescence ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Guinea Pigs ; Hemagglutination ; Hepatitis ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Microscopy, Electron ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVES: While occupational stress has long been a central focus of psychological research, few studies have investigated how immigrant microbusiness owners (MBOs) respond to their unusually demanding occupation, or how their unresolved occupational stress manifests in psychological distress. Based on the job demands-resources model, this study compared MBOs to employees with regard to the relationships among emotional demands, job resources, and depressive symptoms. METHODS: Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of 1288 Korean immigrant workers (MBOs, professionals, office workers, and manual workers) aged 30 to 70, living in Toronto and surrounding areas. Face-to-face interviews were conducted between March 2013 and November 2013. RESULTS: Among the four occupational groups, MBOs appeared to endure the greatest level of emotional demands, while reporting relatively lower levels of job satisfaction and job security; but MBOs reported the greatest job autonomy. The effect of emotional demands on depressive symptoms was greater for MBOs than for professionals. However, an inspection of stress-resource interactions indicated that though MBOs enjoyed the greatest autonomy, the protective effects of job satisfaction and security on the psychological risk of emotional demands appeared to be more pronounced for MBOs than for any of the employee groups. CONCLUSIONS: One in two Korean immigrants choose self-employment, most typically in family-owned microbusinesses that involve emotionally taxing dealings with clients and suppliers. However, the benefits of job satisfaction and security may protect MBOs from the adverse mental health effects of job stress.
Canada ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Mental Health ; Occupational Groups ; Occupations ; Taxes

INTRODUCTION: A new third version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III) has been developed in response to trends in working life, theoretical concepts, and international experience. A key component of the COPSOQ III is a defined set of mandatory core items to be included in national short, middle, and long versions of the questionnaire. The aim of the present article is to present and test the reliability of the new international middle version of the COPSOQ III.METHODS: The questionnaire was tested among 23,361 employees during 2016–2017 in Canada, Spain, France, Germany, Sweden, and Turkey. A total of 26 dimensions (measured through scales or single items) of the middle version and two from the long version were tested. Psychometric properties of the dimensions were assessed regarding reliability (Cronbach α), ceiling and floor effects (fractions with extreme answers), and distinctiveness (correlations with other dimensions).RESULTS: Most international middle dimensions had satisfactory reliability in most countries, though some ceiling and floor effects were present. Dimensions with missing values were rare. Most dimensions had low to medium intercorrelations.CONCLUSIONS: The COPSOQ III offers reliable and distinct measures of a wide range of psychosocial dimensions of modern working life in different countries; although a few measures could be improved. Future testing should focus on validation of the COPSOQ items and dimensions using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Such investigations would enhance the basis for recommendations using the COPSOQ III.
Canada ; France ; Germany ; Psychometrics ; Risk Assessment ; Spain ; Sweden ; Turkey ; Weights and Measures

Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2) infection results in significant respiratory illness in dogs. Isolating and culturing CAV-2 allows for investigations into its pathogenesis and the development of vaccines and diagnostic assays. In this study, we successfully isolated a virus from a naturally infected dog in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. The virus was propagated in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and Vero cells and showed a specific cytopathic morphology that appeared similar to a bunch of grapes. The virus was first confirmed as CAV-2 based on these cytopathic effects, an immunofluorescence assay, hemagglutination assay, and electron microscopy. The viral titer of the isolate designated APQA1601 reached 10(6.5) 50% tissue culture infections dose per mL in MDCK cells and exhibited no hemagglutination units with erythrocytes from guinea pig. The virus was also confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing. The APQA1601 strain had the highest similarity (~99.9%) with the Toronto A26/61 strain, which was isolated in Canada in 1976 when the nucleotide sequences of the full genome of the APQA1601 strain were compared with those of other CAV strains. Isolating CAV-2 will help elucidate the biological properties of CAV-2 circulating in Korean dogs.
Adenoviruses, Canine ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Canada ; Dogs ; Erythrocytes ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Genome ; Guinea Pigs ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hemagglutination ; Kidney ; Korea ; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ; Microscopy, Electron ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Vaccines ; Vero Cells ; Vitis

BACKGROUND: Selecting priority occupational carcinogens is important for cancer prevention efforts; however, standardized selection methods are not available. The objective of this paper was to describe the methods used by CAREX Canada in 2015 to establish priorities for preventing occupational cancer, with a focus on exposure estimation and descriptive profiles. METHODS: Four criteria were used in an expert assessment process to guide carcinogen prioritization: (1) the likelihood of presence and/or use in Canadian workplaces; (2) toxicity of the substance (strength of evidence for carcinogenicity and other health effects); (3) feasibility of producing a carcinogen profile and/or an occupational estimate; and (4) special interest from the public/scientific community. Carcinogens were ranked as high, medium or low priority based on specific conditions regarding these criteria, and stakeholder input was incorporated. Priorities were set separately for the creation of new carcinogen profiles and for new occupational exposure estimates. RESULTS: Overall, 246 agents were reviewed for inclusion in the occupational priorities list. For carcinogen profile generation, 103 were prioritized (11 high, 33 medium, and 59 low priority), and 36 carcinogens were deemed priorities for occupational exposure estimation (13 high, 17 medium, and 6 low priority). CONCLUSION: Prioritizing and ranking occupational carcinogens is required for a variety of purposes, including research, resource allocation at different jurisdictional levels, calculations of occupational cancer burden, and planning of CAREX-type projects in different countries. This paper outlines how this process was achieved in Canada; this may provide a model for other countries and jurisdictions as a part of occupational cancer prevention efforts.
Canada ; Carcinogens ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Resource Allocation