BACKGROUND : The prevalence of rs5186 (AGTR1 A1166C) in the Mekong Delta remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of rs5186 in patients with primary hypertension at Xuyen A Vinh Long hospital and to investigate its association with some risk factors for hypertension. METHODS : A case-control study was conducted including 65 hypertensive and 65 non-hypertensive patients. Genotype analysis of rs5186 was performed using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction, and glucose level and lipid profiles were measured. Associations between single-nucleotide polymorphisms, biochemical indicators, and hypertension risk were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression. A dominant genetic model (AC + CC) versus AA was applied for rs5186, and false discovery rate correction was used to account for multiple testing. RESULTS : The genotypes of rs5186 in the hypertension group were 55.4% AA, 43.1% AC, and 1.5% CC, whereas in the control group, they were 64.6% AA, 35.4% AC, and 0% CC. The differences in the genotype distribution were not statistically significant (p = 0.7). The AC + CC genotypes showed no significant association with hypertension after adjustment for confounders. Among biochemical factors, elevated blood glucose (>6.5 mmol/l) was strongly associated with hypertension, with a 6-fold increased risk compared to individuals with normal glucose levels (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The rs5186 was not significantly associated with hypertension in this cohort, whereas metabolic factors, particularly hyperglycemia and obesity, were strongly associated with increased hypertension risk. Larger studies are needed to confirm the role of rs5186 and to examine the consistency of effect sizes across different populations.
glucose ; hypertension ; PCR ; SNPs ; Vietnam

BACKGROUND:Streptococcus mutans is an important pathogen of dental caries,and timely detection of its levels is of great significance for early detection and treatment of dental caries. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of loop-mediated isothermal amplification(FTA-LAMP)direct extraction of Streptococcus mutans DNA. METHODS:(1)Bacterial suspensions containing ATCC standard strains(Streptococcus mutans)were prepared and inoculated into the brain-heart leachate medium.After mixed thoroughly,the mixture was then diluted in a 10-fold gradient into seven concentrations(4.2×107,4.2×106,4.2×105,4.2×104,4.2×103,4.2×102,4.2×10 CFU/mL),two parallel controls were made for each dilution level,and sterile water was used as a blank control.(2)The DNA of Streptococcus mutans was extracted using FTA Elute card,boiling method,kit extraction and lysate extraction methods separately and then amplified using LAMP technology was amplified.A specificity test was also performed to compare the differences between the four DNA extraction methods.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The DNA extracted by all four methods met the requirements for LAMP amplification.Specificity test results showed that only Streptococcus mutans could specifically amplify the target gene.The detection limit value of the DNA concentration was 4.2×103 CFU/mL for the lysate method,4.2×104 CFU/mL for the FTA Elute card extraction method,4.2×106 CFU/mL for the kit extraction method,and 4.2×107 CFU/mL for the boiling method.In the other aspects of the four extraction methods,the kit extraction method had the highest experimental cost,number of steps and time;the other three methods had the same number of steps,with the FTA Elute card method requiring the least amount of instruments,the boiling method having the lowest single cost,and the lysate extraction method taking the least amount of time.Only a small amount of bacteria were needed for successful extraction using both the FTA Elute card and lysate extraction methods.Compared with the FTA Elute card method,the lysate extraction method was superior in terms of time,but it had a high single cost and required more equipment.To conclude,the FTA-LAMP technology established in this study has the advantages of ease of operation,high specificity,high sensitivity,and visualization,which is expected to be a new way for efficient extraction and detection of Streptococcus mutans.

Objective Exploring the diagnostic value of T-cell enzyme-linked immunospot assay(T-SPOT.TB)combined with rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid ampli-fication detection(XpertMTB/RIF)in geriatric AIDS patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB)infection.Methods From May 2022 to May 2024,86 elderly patients with AIDS suspected MTB in Hengshui Third People's Hospital were gathered and separated into AIDS complicated with MTB(research group)and AIDS without MTB(control group)according to the pathological examination results.MTB culture,T-SPOT.TB and XpertMTB/RIF were performed.Kappa analysis was applied to evaluate the consistency between T-SPOT.TB combined with Xpert-MTB/RIF and the gold standard for diagnosing MTB coinfection in AIDS patients.ROC curve and four grid table were plotted to analyze the value of the combination of T-SPOT.TB and XpertMTB/RIF in the diagnosis of AIDS complicated with MTB infection.Results The blood γ-interferon,the positive detection rates of T-SPOT.TB and XpertMTB/RIF in the research group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The AUC of T-SPOT.TB in diagnosing AIDS with MTB infection was 0.810,that of Xpert MTB/RIF in diagnosing AIDS with MTB infection was 0.835,and the AUC of the two in diagnosing AIDS with MTB infection was 0.910.The Kappa values of T-SPOT.TB,Xpert MTB/RIF and their combined diagnosis for AIDS with MTB infection were 0.624,0.674 and 0.825,respectively.The accuracy of T-SPOT.TB in the diagnosis of AIDS with MTB was 82.56%,the accuracy of XpertMTB/RIF in the diagnosis of AIDS with MTB was 84.88%,and the accuracy of the combined di-agnosis for AIDS with MTB was 91.86%.Conclusions T-SPOT.TB combined with XpertMTB/RIF can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of AIDS with MTB,and can be used as a clinical auxiliary diagnosis method for AIDS pa-tients complicated with MTB.

Objective To explore the characteristics of changes in blood test indicators and the combined detection for the differential diagnosis value of early gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis.Methods A total of 44 patients with early gastric cancer admitted to the hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the early gastric cancer group.Another 59 patients with atrophic gastritis who were admitted to the hospital during the same period were selected as the atrophic gastritis group.Analyze the characteristics of changes in blood test indicators of the two groups.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to eval-uate the clinical value of blood test indicators in differentiating early gastric cancer from atrophic gastritis.Re-sults The levels of white blood cell count(WBC),platelet count(PLT),C-reactive protein(CRP),pro-thrombin time(PT),fibrinogen(Fib),D-dimer(D-D),and carbohydrate antigen 199(CA199)in the early gastric cancer group were significantly higher than those in the atrophic gastritis group,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of red blood cells(RBC),hemoglobin(HGB),total pro-tein(TP),thrombin time(TT),and ferritin(Fer)in the early gastric cancer group were significantly lower than those in the atrophic gastritis group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The re-sults of the ROC curve analysis show that the area under the curve(AUC)for the individual detection and dif-ferential diagnosis of early gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis by WBC,RBC,HGB,PLT,CRP,TP,PT,TT,Fib,D-D,Fer and CA199 were 0.591,0.716,0.764,0.623,0.728,0.671,0.692,0.746,0.721,0.689,0.770 and 0.680,respectively.The AUC of the combined detection of RBC,HGB,CRP,TT,Fib and Fer for the dif-ferential diagnosis of early gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis was 0.857(95%CI:0.772-0.941),which was significantly higher than AUC of the individual detection.Conclusion The combined detection of blood test indicators such as RBC,HGB,CRP,TT,Fib and Fer has certain clinical value in the differential diagnosis of early gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer in can-cer registration areas of Hunan Province in 2021 and the trend changes from 2012 to 2021.[Methods]Data on oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2021 were collected from 78 quality-controlled cancer registries in Hunan Province,with population data sourced from household registration statistics provided by public security authorities.Indicators such as crude incidence and mortality rates,age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC),and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW)in 2021 were calculated.The Chinese standard population(2000 national census)and Segi's world standard population were used for standardization.Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0 software was used to fit a Log-linear regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of ASIRC/ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer from 2012 to 2021 was calculated to analyze the changing trends.[Results]In 2021,the crude incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province was 9.28/105(15.14/105 for males and 3.07/105 for fe-males),with an ASIRC of 6.10/105;the crude mortality rate was 3.75/105(6.19/105 for males and 1.16/105 for females),with an ASMRC of 2.16/105.Both the incidence and mortality rates in male were significantly higher than those in female.Age distribution analysis showed that the incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased with age after 30 years old,peaking in the age group of 60～64 years old(22.29/105);the mortality rate continued to rise after 35 years old,reaching the peak in the population aged ≥85 years old(14.52/105).Trend analysis from 2012 to 2021 indicated that the crude incidence rate and ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased from 3.50/105 and 2.63/105 in 2012 to 9.28/105 and 6.10/105 in 2021,with AAPC of 12.33％and 10.80％,re-spectively;the crude mortality rate and ASMRC also showed upward trends(AAPC of 9.87％and 7.21％,respectively);all trend changes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Sex stratification revealed that the AAPC of ASIRC and ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in male were higher than those in female(AAPC of ASIRC:12.65％for males vs 4.28％for females;AAPC of ASMRC:8.79％for males vs 4.13％for females).Age-specific trend analysis found that the ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the population aged ≤ 44 years old showed an upward trend(AAPC=11.73％,P＜0.001),with the AAPC of male in this group reaching 14.57％;the AAPC of ASIRC for the age groups of 45～64 years old and ≥65 years old were 11.03％and 9.74％,respectively,and the AAPC of ASMRC for these two groups were 10.05％and 8.19％,respectively,with all trend changes being statistically significant(all P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant change in the ASMRC of the population aged ≤44 years old(AAPC=5.66％,P=0.087).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province remain high and show an upward trend,with a tendency of younger onset.Males and middle-aged and elderly populations are the key focuses of prevention and control.

Objective:To determine the pathogens causing viral diarrhea in children under 5 years of age and the epidemiological patterns in Chengdu from 2021 to 2024.Methods:Fecal samples were collected from hospitalized children under 5 years of age with diarrhea in a sentinel surveillance hospital for viral diarrhea in Chengdu from 2021 to 2024. Norovirus（NoV），sapovirus（SaV），astrovirus（AstV），and enteric adenovirus（EAdV）were detected by real-time PCR or real-time RT-PCR. Group A rotavirus（RVA）was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were analyzed statistically by using SPSS 20.0 software.Results:RVA，NoV，SaV，AstV，and EAdV were detected in 329 fecal samples from 719 hospitalized children with diarrhea under 5 years of age. The total detection rate was 48.8%（329/719）. The detection rate of RVA，NoV，SaV，AstV，and EAdV was 17.0%（122/719），20.9%（150/719），4.0%（29/719），2.8%（20/719），8.6%（62/719），separately. The detection rate of mixed infection with multiple pathogens was 7.1%（51/719），among which RVA combined with NoV infection was the most common（2.2%，16/719）. Except for EAdV（ χ2=14.368， P=0.002），there was no significant difference in the detection rates of RVA，NoV，SaV，and AstV in different years. Except for SaV and EAdV，the detection rates of RVA（ χ2=11.106， P<0.001），NoV（ χ2=65.164， P<0.001）and AstV（ χ2=19.612， P<0.001）were statistically significant in different quarters. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of the five pathogens between males and females. Except for NoV，there were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of RVA（ χ2=32.209， P<0.001），SaV（ χ2=13.983， P=0.002），AstV（ χ2=9.56， P=0.015）and EAdV，（ χ2=8.992， P=0.029）in children of different months of age. Conclusion:RVA and NoV are the main pathogens causing viral diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Chengdu. The peak infection period of viral diarrhea tends to occur in winter and spring and occurs most frequently in 12-24 months old and 24-59 months old children.

[Purpose]To analyze the incidence and mortality of oral and pharyngeal cancer in can-cer registration areas of Hunan Province in 2021 and the trend changes from 2012 to 2021.[Methods]Data on oral and pharyngeal cancer incidence and mortality from 2012 to 2021 were collected from 78 quality-controlled cancer registries in Hunan Province,with population data sourced from household registration statistics provided by public security authorities.Indicators such as crude incidence and mortality rates,age-standardized incidence and mortality rates by Chinese standard population(ASIRC/ASMRC),and world standard population(ASIRW,ASMRW)in 2021 were calculated.The Chinese standard population(2000 national census)and Segi's world standard population were used for standardization.Joinpoint Regression Program 4.9.0.0 software was used to fit a Log-linear regression model,and the average annual percentage change(AAPC)of ASIRC/ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer from 2012 to 2021 was calculated to analyze the changing trends.[Results]In 2021,the crude incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province was 9.28/105(15.14/105 for males and 3.07/105 for fe-males),with an ASIRC of 6.10/105;the crude mortality rate was 3.75/105(6.19/105 for males and 1.16/105 for females),with an ASMRC of 2.16/105.Both the incidence and mortality rates in male were significantly higher than those in female.Age distribution analysis showed that the incidence rate of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased with age after 30 years old,peaking in the age group of 60～64 years old(22.29/105);the mortality rate continued to rise after 35 years old,reaching the peak in the population aged ≥85 years old(14.52/105).Trend analysis from 2012 to 2021 indicated that the crude incidence rate and ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer increased from 3.50/105 and 2.63/105 in 2012 to 9.28/105 and 6.10/105 in 2021,with AAPC of 12.33％and 10.80％,re-spectively;the crude mortality rate and ASMRC also showed upward trends(AAPC of 9.87％and 7.21％,respectively);all trend changes were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).Sex stratification revealed that the AAPC of ASIRC and ASMRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in male were higher than those in female(AAPC of ASIRC:12.65％for males vs 4.28％for females;AAPC of ASMRC:8.79％for males vs 4.13％for females).Age-specific trend analysis found that the ASIRC of oral and pharyngeal cancer in the population aged ≤ 44 years old showed an upward trend(AAPC=11.73％,P＜0.001),with the AAPC of male in this group reaching 14.57％;the AAPC of ASIRC for the age groups of 45～64 years old and ≥65 years old were 11.03％and 9.74％,respectively,and the AAPC of ASMRC for these two groups were 10.05％and 8.19％,respectively,with all trend changes being statistically significant(all P＜0.05);there was no statistically significant change in the ASMRC of the population aged ≤44 years old(AAPC=5.66％,P=0.087).[Conclusion]The incidence and mortality rates of oral and pharyngeal cancer in cancer registration areas of Hunan Province remain high and show an upward trend,with a tendency of younger onset.Males and middle-aged and elderly populations are the key focuses of prevention and control.

Objective:To determine the pathogens causing viral diarrhea in children under 5 years of age and the epidemiological patterns in Chengdu from 2021 to 2024.Methods:Fecal samples were collected from hospitalized children under 5 years of age with diarrhea in a sentinel surveillance hospital for viral diarrhea in Chengdu from 2021 to 2024. Norovirus（NoV），sapovirus（SaV），astrovirus（AstV），and enteric adenovirus（EAdV）were detected by real-time PCR or real-time RT-PCR. Group A rotavirus（RVA）was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were analyzed statistically by using SPSS 20.0 software.Results:RVA，NoV，SaV，AstV，and EAdV were detected in 329 fecal samples from 719 hospitalized children with diarrhea under 5 years of age. The total detection rate was 48.8%（329/719）. The detection rate of RVA，NoV，SaV，AstV，and EAdV was 17.0%（122/719），20.9%（150/719），4.0%（29/719），2.8%（20/719），8.6%（62/719），separately. The detection rate of mixed infection with multiple pathogens was 7.1%（51/719），among which RVA combined with NoV infection was the most common（2.2%，16/719）. Except for EAdV（ χ2=14.368， P=0.002），there was no significant difference in the detection rates of RVA，NoV，SaV，and AstV in different years. Except for SaV and EAdV，the detection rates of RVA（ χ2=11.106， P<0.001），NoV（ χ2=65.164， P<0.001）and AstV（ χ2=19.612， P<0.001）were statistically significant in different quarters. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rates of the five pathogens between males and females. Except for NoV，there were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of RVA（ χ2=32.209， P<0.001），SaV（ χ2=13.983， P=0.002），AstV（ χ2=9.56， P=0.015）and EAdV，（ χ2=8.992， P=0.029）in children of different months of age. Conclusion:RVA and NoV are the main pathogens causing viral diarrhea in children under 5 years of age in Chengdu. The peak infection period of viral diarrhea tends to occur in winter and spring and occurs most frequently in 12-24 months old and 24-59 months old children.

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has unique advantages in alleviating the symptoms of diabetic kidney disease （DKD） and slowing its progression. However， traditional clinical trials often use the occurrence of end-stage renal disease as the end point， requiring long-term follow-up， which increases trial complexity and costs， thereby limiting the feasibility of TCM clinical studies. This paper suggested that in clinical trials of TCM for DKD， both the estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） change rate （≥30%） and eGFR slope can serve as potential surrogate outcome measures. If the intervention course is short （＜1 year）， the eGFR change rate （≥30%） is recommended as a surrogate outcome measure， whereas in long-term interventional studies （≥1 year）， the eGFR slope may be more appropriate. Furthermore， based on biochemical indicators such as eGFR slope and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR） change rate， integrating TCM symptom evaluation， TCM syndrome evaluation， and quality of life scales can help develop internationally recognized patient-reported outcome measures （PROMs） for TCM clinical trials， which will be a key step in enhancing the evaluation system for the effectiveness of TCM in treating DKD.

ObjectiveTo analyze the adverse reactions associated with the clinical use of Banxia （Rhizoma Pinelliae）- Wutou （Aconitum） in the same formula， with the aim of providing a reference for the safety of their clinical application. MethodsLiterature on the clinical application of antagonistic herbs "Banxia-Wutou" used in the same formula， published from January 1st， 2014， to June 30th， 2023， was retrieved from databases including CNKI， VIP， Wanfang， SinoMed， PubMed， Cochrane Library， and Embase. A database was established， and information related to adverse reactions was extracted， including descriptions， classifications， specific manifestations， management and outcomes， patients' primary diseases （western medicine diseases and traditional Chinese medicine diagnoses and syndromes）， and medication information （dosage， ratio， administration routes， and dosage forms）. ResultsA total of 79 researches simultaneously used antagonistic herbs Banxia-Wutou in the same formula and reported associated advers reactions. Gastrointestinal adverse reactions were the most common， with 8 studies reporting management of adverse reactions and 3 studies reporting improvement with no intervention. Among the 11 researches， the adverse reaction relieved to extant， while other 69 researches didn't report the managment of adverse reaction and its prognosis. For the primary disease in western medicine system， chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） were most common， while gastric pain was the most common symptom in traditional Chinese medicine with spleen and kidney deficiency and spleen stomach cold deficiency being the most frequent syndromes. The most common Banxia dosage was 10 g， while for the Wutou， Fuzi （Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata） was predominant with the highest dose at 15 g. The most frequent herbal combination was Banxia-fuzi， with a 1∶1 ratio. The main administration route was oral， and the primary dosage form was decoction. ConclusionGastrointestinal adverse reactions are the most common in the clinical use of Banxia-Wutou antagonistic herb combinations. Research on the safety of "Banxia-Wutou" combinations should focus on respiratory system diseases and spleen-stomach related conditions.