Aim To investigate the antidepressant mechanism of hyperforin via the utilization of single-cell sequencing technology.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,depres-sion model group,and hyperforin intervention group.The chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model was induced and drug interventions were administered for 28 d.Behavioral experiments were conducted to as-sess depressive symptoms,and hippocampal tissue was collected for single-cell RNA sequencing.Key cell populations and differentially expressed genes across groups were identified,followed by PPI network,GO,and KEGG enrichment analysis.Results Behavioral experiments indicated that CUMS successfully induced depressive symptoms in mice,while hyperforin im-proved depressive behavior.In the depression model group,the proportion of brain perivascular macrophages(PVM)increased,and this proportion decreased after hyperforin intervention,approaching the level seen in the control group.The top 20 common differentially ex-pressed genes in the PVM subpopulation were Saa3,Hbb-bs and Ccl24.PPI network analysis identified core targets,including Ccl2,Dhx9,C3,Msr1,Cxcl2 and Cx3cr1.KEGG enrichment analysis revealed pathways related to chemokines,phagosome formation,and inosi-tol phosphate metabolism.Conclusion The antide-pressant mechanism of hyperforin may be related to the regulation of Ccl24 and its related chemokine signaling pathway by PVM.

OpenSim is an open source, free motion simulation and gait analysis software, which can be used to dynamically simulate and analyze the complex motion of the human body, and is widely used in human biomechanical research. Since OpenSim can analyze multi-dimensional motion data such as muscle strength, joint torque, and muscle synergistic activation during human movement, it can be used to study the biomechanical mechanism of musculoskeletal imbalance diseases and various treatment methods in TCM orthopedics, and has a broad application prospect in the field of TCM orthopedics. By the analysis of the basic characteristics, elements, analysis process, and application prospects of OpenSim, it is concluded that OpenSim musculoskeletal model has a large application space in the field of traditional Chinese medicine orthopedic, which is helpful to explain the pathogenesis and mechanism of diseases, and promote the precision diagnosis and treatment of orthopedics diseases;the application of OpenSim musculoskeletal model can solve the problem that the previous research paid attention to the bone malalignment and not enough attention to the tendon, and provide a new method for the research of orthopedic diseases. At present, there are still problems in the promotion and application of OpenSim, such as large equipment requirements and high operation threshold. Therefore, multidisciplinary cooperation, clinical research, and data sharing are the basic research strategies in this field.
Humans ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Orthopedics ; Traumatology ; Software ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Musculoskeletal System ; Models, Biological

Objective:To explore the effect of psoas muscle index (PMI) and construct a machine learning model to validate the 180-day prognosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.Methods:Retrospective data were collected from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2022 to November 2022. The area of the psoas muscle index (PMI) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was measured and calculated based on the abdominal X-ray computed tomography images stored in the Eastern China Hospital Information System (HIS). Patients were divided into low PMI and normal PMI groups according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. Patients clinical data and complication status were collected.The general conditions of both groups were compared using a t-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied for survival analysis. The outcome variable was 180-day mortality, and variables were selected using Cox and LASSO regression. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets in a 7∶3 ratio. Machine learning algorithms were used to build models in the training set, and model performance was validated by the test set. The model for MELD-Na score was compared with the model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. Results:A total of 298 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were included.The MELD scores, Child-Pugh classification, and NRS2002 scores, along with the incidence rate of complications such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infections, and gastrointestinal bleeding, were significantly higher in the low PMI than the normal PMI group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve for the extreme gradient boosting model was higher than traditional clinical scores (MELD score 0.658, MELD_Na score 0.719) in the machine learning model. Furthermore, the application of SHAP results model indicated that PMI, hemoglobin, NRS2002 score, direct bilirubin, and blood ammonia were important factors in predicting the prognosis of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Conclusion:A low PMI is closely related to poorer survival rates and the development of complication rates in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The machine learning prediction model based on this construction, especially extreme gradient boosting, has favorable predictive performance, which is superior to the traditional clinical scoring system and can provide patients with the most accurate risk assessment and individualized treatment plan.

Aim To investigate the antidepressant mechanism of hyperforin via the utilization of single-cell sequencing technology.Methods C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group,depres-sion model group,and hyperforin intervention group.The chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS)model was induced and drug interventions were administered for 28 d.Behavioral experiments were conducted to as-sess depressive symptoms,and hippocampal tissue was collected for single-cell RNA sequencing.Key cell populations and differentially expressed genes across groups were identified,followed by PPI network,GO,and KEGG enrichment analysis.Results Behavioral experiments indicated that CUMS successfully induced depressive symptoms in mice,while hyperforin im-proved depressive behavior.In the depression model group,the proportion of brain perivascular macrophages(PVM)increased,and this proportion decreased after hyperforin intervention,approaching the level seen in the control group.The top 20 common differentially ex-pressed genes in the PVM subpopulation were Saa3,Hbb-bs and Ccl24.PPI network analysis identified core targets,including Ccl2,Dhx9,C3,Msr1,Cxcl2 and Cx3cr1.KEGG enrichment analysis revealed pathways related to chemokines,phagosome formation,and inosi-tol phosphate metabolism.Conclusion The antide-pressant mechanism of hyperforin may be related to the regulation of Ccl24 and its related chemokine signaling pathway by PVM.

Objective:To explore the effect of psoas muscle index (PMI) and construct a machine learning model to validate the 180-day prognosis in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis.Methods:Retrospective data were collected from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2022 to November 2022. The area of the psoas muscle index (PMI) at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was measured and calculated based on the abdominal X-ray computed tomography images stored in the Eastern China Hospital Information System (HIS). Patients were divided into low PMI and normal PMI groups according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. Patients clinical data and complication status were collected.The general conditions of both groups were compared using a t-test, chi-square test, and Mann-Whitney U test. The Kaplan-Meier method was applied for survival analysis. The outcome variable was 180-day mortality, and variables were selected using Cox and LASSO regression. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets in a 7∶3 ratio. Machine learning algorithms were used to build models in the training set, and model performance was validated by the test set. The model for MELD-Na score was compared with the model for End-Stage Liver Disease score. Results:A total of 298 patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were included.The MELD scores, Child-Pugh classification, and NRS2002 scores, along with the incidence rate of complications such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, infections, and gastrointestinal bleeding, were significantly higher in the low PMI than the normal PMI group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). The area under a receiver operating characteristic curve for the extreme gradient boosting model was higher than traditional clinical scores (MELD score 0.658, MELD_Na score 0.719) in the machine learning model. Furthermore, the application of SHAP results model indicated that PMI, hemoglobin, NRS2002 score, direct bilirubin, and blood ammonia were important factors in predicting the prognosis of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Conclusion:A low PMI is closely related to poorer survival rates and the development of complication rates in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. The machine learning prediction model based on this construction, especially extreme gradient boosting, has favorable predictive performance, which is superior to the traditional clinical scoring system and can provide patients with the most accurate risk assessment and individualized treatment plan.

Aim To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of remimazolam tosylate for administering general anesthesia in morbidly obese patients.Methods This clinical trial was conducted at a single center from De-cember 2021 to October 2023.It assessed 108 morbid-ly obese patients(body mass index,BMI≥40)who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.Patients were randomly assigned to either the remimazaolam group(Group R)or the propofol group(Group P)for general anesthesia induction and maintenance.The primary outcome was to compare the incidence of ad-verse events and postoperative recovery characteristics between the two groups.Results During induction pe-riod,the incidence of adverse events was higher in group P,including hypotension(P＜0.01),hypox-emia(P＜0.05),bradycardia(P＜0.01),and in-creased vasopressor requirement(P＜0.05).The time to loss of consciousness and BIS falling to 60 was shor-ter in group P than in group R(P＜0.01).There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of postoperative quality of recovery(QoR-40 score),24-hour postoperative pain visual an-alogue scale(VAS)scores and morphine consump-tion.In conclusion,remimazolam tosylate,utilized for anesthesia induction in morbidly obese patients,signif-icantly reduced hypotension and hypoxemia compared to propofol,while it could also maintain similar postop-erative recovery quality.Conclusions Remimazolam is effective in reducing the incidence of hypotension and hypoxaemia during the induction period of general anaesthesia in morbidly obese patients and it is compa-rable to propofol in terms of quality of postoperative re-covery.

ObjectiveHemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in the red blood cells of many animals. The primary function of hemoglobin is to transport oxygen from lung to tissues. It is composed of two identicalα‑globin subunits and two identical β‑globin subunits. Hemoglobin has unique magnetic properties. The paramagnetism of deoxyhemoglobin, and the diamagnetism of oxyhemoglobin and carboxyhaemoglobin have been reported previously. Studies have also shown that external magnetic field affected blood flow rate, but whether magnetic field may affect the oxygenation rate of hemoglobin remains unknown. Here in this study, we are aiming to address this question with recombinant hemoglobin. Human hemoglobin and yak hemoglobin were selected as the research objects, and a recombinant protein expression and purification system was established to explore the magnetic field effects on the oxygenation rate of hemoglobin, as well as the differences in the oxygenation rate between human hemoglobin and yak hemoglobin under external magnetic field. MethodsThe recombinant expression and purification system of human and yak hemoglobin was established. The recombinant hemoglobin expression was further optimized and appropriated inducing temperature and IPTG concentration were screened. Recombinant human hemoglobin and yak hemoglobin were purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and further by size-exclusion chromatography. SDS-PAGE was used to validate the purification, and UV-Vis spectrum and EPR were used to characterize the biochemical properties of recombinant hemoglobin. Deoxyhemoglobin of human and yak were placed under 0.3 T external magnetic field to test the magnetic field effects on oxygenation rate, and geomagnetic field condition was used as a sham control. The UV-Vis spectrum data were measured every 10 min, and the concentration and proportion of oxygenated hemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin were calculated to analyze the effects of magnetic field on the oxygenation rate of hemoglobin. The magnetic properties of human oxygenated hemoglobin and human deoxygenated hemoglobin have been measured by SQUID, a superconducting quantum interference magnetic measurement system. Three biological replications were performed for each experiment. The possible mechanism of the effect of magnetic field on the oxygenation rate of hemoglobin has been investigated and discussed. ResultsHuman and yak hemoglobin were successfully expressed and purified by E.coli prokaryotic expression system. The optimal expression temperature was 30℃, and the most suitable IPTG concentration was 1 mmol/L. EPR results suggested that trace amount of methemoglobin existed both in the purified human hemoglobin and yak hemoglobin proteins. The oxygenation rate of yak hemoglobin appeared to be faster than that of human hemoglobin, and the additional magnetic field treatment significantly increased the oxygenation rate of both human and yak hemoglobin, and yak hemoglobin was more sensitive to magnetic field than human hemoglobin. The paramagnetism of deoxyhemoglobin was verified by SQUID measurement. However, the diamagnetism of oxygenated hemoglobin remains uncertain, probably due to the presence of trace amount of methemoglobin in the sample of oxygenated hemoglobin, which was consistent with EPR results. ConclusionIn this study, human and yak hemoglobin were successfully expressed and purified. The purified hemoglobin proteins have similar function and conformational states as native protein. External static magnetic field facilitates hemoglobin oxygenation, and yak hemoglobin seems more sensitive to magnetic field compared with human hemoglobin. These findings provide theoretical basis for the potential applications of applying magnetic field to improve hypoxia symptoms in clinical practice in the future.

Acute cerebral infarction(ACI)has the characteristics of onset nasty and high mortality,and thus the rapid determination of the occurrence and development of ACI plays a key role in the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of ACI patients.It has shown that the serum level of human haptoglobin(Hp)is related to ACI.In this study,surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)combined with immune recognition was applied to establish a quantitative analysis method for serum Hp.Firstly,the SERS substrate of silver nanoparticles was prepared on silicon wafer,and 4-mercaptobenzoic Acid(MBA)was used as a Raman probe by forming Ag—S bond and connecting it on the surface of nanoparticles.The carboxyl group of MBA was linked to amino group of self-made high-affinity antibody through forming CO—NH structure thus forming a SERS self-assembled chip of Hp(Ag/MBA/anti-Hp).Hp in serum could be specifically captured by antibodies on SERS substrate,which caused the shift of SERS characteristic peak of MBA.The results showed that there was a good linear relationship between the logarithm of Hp concentration and the SERS characteristic peak shift of MBA.The detection range was 1-1000 ng/mL(R2=0.988).The Hp concentrations in serum of 90 ACI patients were determined by this method,and the results were consistent with those of ELISA method,which proved the practicability and accuracy of this method.This method was highly specific,simple and convenient,which could realize the specific recognition and quantitative analysis of serum Hp,so as to be an effective means for clinical detection of serum Hp,thus providing a reference for the treatment and prognosis of ACI.

【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy and safety of double-sheath vacuum suction microchannel percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the treatment of complex renal stones. 【Methods】 The clinical data of 139 patients with complicated renal stones who received MPCNL during Aug. 2019 and Jul.2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the operation modes, the patients were divided into the double-sheath vacuum suction group (dsVS group, n=72) and conventional nephrostomy sheath group (cNS group, n=67). The perioperative indexes and the first-stage stone clearance rate of the two groups were compared. 【Results】 In the dsVS group and cNS group, the mean operation time was (46.72±9.55) min and (57.22±11.31) min, respectively (P<0.05). The first-stage stone clearance rate was 83.33% and 70.15%, respectively (P<0.05). The BUN value was (5.07±1.65) mmol/L and (5.75±1.83) mmol/L, respectively (P<0.05). The WBC value was (9.45±2.46)×10⁹/L and (10.71±3.14)×10⁹/L, respectively (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative fever was 1.39% and 11.94%, respectively (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in other clinical data between the two groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 The double-sheath vacuum suction MPCNL is safe and effective to manage complex renal stones, which can shorten the operation time, reduce postoperative complications, and improve the stone clearance rate.

To study the parental origin and cell stage of nondisjunction in sex chromosome aneuploidies. Retrospectiving and analyzing the results of 385 cases of SCA confirmed by QF-PCR and karyotype analysis in the prenatal diagnosis center of Guangzhou Women and Children Medical Center from January 2015 to December 2020. The types of samples and prenatal diagnosis indications were analyzed. The parental origin and cell stage of nondisjunction in sex chromosome aneuploidies analyzed by comparing the short tandem repeat (STR) peak patterns of samples from fetuses and maternal peripheral blood. The results show that (1) There were 324 cases of nonmosaic SCA, 113 cases (113/324, 34.9%) were 45, XO, 118 cases (118/324, 36.4%) were 47, XXY, 48 cases (48/324, 14.8%) were 47, XXX and 45 cases (45/324, 13.9%) were 47, XYY. 68 (45/324, 60.2%) cases of 45, X were detected in villus samples. The other SCA cases were mainly detected in amniotic fluid samples. There were 61 mosaic SCA samples, 58(58/61, 95.1%) of mosaic SCA samples were mosaic 45, X. (2) The top two indications of 45, X cases are increased nuchal translucency(53/113, 46.9%) and fetal cystic hygroma (41/113, 36.3%), while the most common indication of other types of SCA was high risk of NIPT(170/272, 62.5%). (3) Among 45, X cases, there were 88 cases (88/113, 77.9%) inherit their single X chromosome from their mother and 25 cases (25/119, 22.1%) from their father. In 47, XXY samples, 47 cases (47/118, 39.8%) of chromosome nondisjunction occurred in meiosis stage Ⅰ of oocytes, 51 cases (51/118, 43.2%) occurred in meiosis stage Ⅰ of spermatocytes, and 20 cases (20/118, 16.9%) occurred in meiosis stage Ⅱ of oocytes. Among 47, XXX samples, 29 cases (29/48, 60.4%) of X chromosome nondisjunction occurred in meiosis stage Ⅰof oocytes, 15 cases (15/48, 31.3%) occurred in meiosis stage Ⅱ of oocytes, and 4 cases (4/48, 8.3%) occurred in meiosis stage Ⅱ of spermatocytes. In summary , the cases of 45, X were mainly diagnosed by villous samples for abnormal ultrasound findings. The other cases of SCA were mainly diagnosed by amniocentesis samples for abnormal NIPT results. Different types of SCA, the origin and occurrence period of sex chromosome nondisjunction were different.
Aneuploidy ; Female ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods* ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Sex Chromosomes/genetics*