Objective:To visually analyze the research hot-spots and development trends of pelvic floor dysfunction nursing, in order to provide a reference for the research of pelvic floor dysfunction nursing in China.Methods:The China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science core collection were used as the retrieval databases to retrieve the literature in the field of pelvic floor dysfunction nursing from the establishment of the database to January 31, 2025. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 software was used to visually analyze the included literature.Results:A total of 1 947 Chinese articles and 4 931 English articles were included. The number of English literature increased year by year, while Chinese literature showed a downward trend since 2019. There were more and stable core authors and core institutions in foreign research, while there was less cooperation among domestic authors and institutions. The research hotspots abroad mainly focused on improving the quality of nursing care and managing specific health problems. The future development trends were primarily randomized controlled trials, tension-free vaginal tape, postoperative care, and patient experience. The research hotspots in China mainly focused on nursing interventions. The future development trends were primarily patient quality of life and effectiveness evaluation.Conclusions:Due to different development stages, compared with foreign countries, there are still some deficiencies in evidence-based medicine, delicacy of nursing after tension-free vaginal tape, patient experience, innovation of nursing technology, and depth and breadth of nursing research in China. In the future, we should learn from foreign studies to promote the development of nursing research on pelvic floor dysfunction in China.

In this study,we aim to evaluate the immunogenicity of the whole-cell proteins isolated from Mycobacterium marinum(MM).The findings of this research may provide scientific basis for the development of new candidate tuberculosis vaccines.Both MM 95014 and Mycobacteriumtuberculosis(MTB)H37Rv cells were routinely cultured and collected.After inactivation,whole-cell proteins were extracted by low-temperature ultrasonic fragmentation and mixed with DDA/Poly:IC adjuvant.The mixture was administered to BALB/c mice subcutaneously with 50 mg/mouse twice with an interval of 10 days.Blood sample was collected before each immunization,as well as 10 days after the last immunization.Blood samples and spleen tissue extracts were measured for serum antibody potency and cytokine levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.An in vitro growth inhibition assay(MGIA)was used to assess the ability of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages,collected after immunization with MM whole-cell proteins,to inhibit MTB growth.A MTB whole mycobacterium proteome microarray was applied to analyze the interaction between the serum in MM immunization group and MTB proteins.Our results indicated that,compared with the adjuvant group,MM whole-cell proteins induced higher levels of Th1 cytokines(IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α)in the mice.The IgG and IgM antibody titers induced by MM immunization group reached 1∶608 874 and 1∶304 437,respectively.The MGIA results showed that the MM immunization group was able to significantly inhibit MTB growth in vitro.The MTB proteome microarray results indicated that there were 226 and 324 cross-proteins with IgG and IgM antibodies,respectively.This study suggested that MM whole-cell proteins can induce high levels of cellular and humoral immune responses in mice and exhibit strong inhibition of MTB growth in vitro.The results may suggest potential application value of MM whole-cell proteins as a novel candidate vaccine for tuberculosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with cervicothoracic hemivertebra at different ages and evaluate the surgical outcomes of hemivertebra resection.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed clinical and radiographic data of 35 children (under 18 years old) with cervicothoracic hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection at the Department of Spine Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from June 2005 to June 2022. The cohort included 19 males and 16 females, with a surgical age of (9.7±4.1) years (range: 3 to <18 years). Patients were divided into three groups based on initial surgical age: preschool group (≤5 years, n=10), school-age group (6 to 10 years, n=10), and adolescent group (11 to <18 years, n=15). The intraoperative blood loss, operative time, number of fixed vertebrae, and perioperative and postoperative complications were recorded. Radiographic measurements were taken preoperatively, postoperatively, and at final follow-up, including the Cobb angle of the primary curve, curve length, distal curve Cobb angle, neck tilt, shoulder balance, coronal balance, trunk tilt, clavicle angle, head deviation, and local kyphosis. Statistical analyses included one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, chi-square test, and Fisher′s exact test. Results:The operative time was (333±74) minutes (range:200 to 450 minutes), the intraoperative blood loss was (419±132) ml (range:200 to 650 ml), and the number of fixed vertebrae was (6.0±2.7) segments (range:2 to 12 segments). Preoperatively, the preschool group had a smaller primary curve Cobb angle compared to the adolescent group (33.6°±8.4° vs. 43.0°±9.4°, F=3.394, P=0.046) and distal curve Cobb angle (6.4°±2.4° vs.11.9°±4.5°, F=6.550, P=0.038). The preschool group had better coronal balance ((8.8±4.3) mm vs. (20.2±11.7)mm, F=9.448, P=0.009) and trunk tilt (4.0°±2.0° vs.7.0°±3.0°, F=4.343, P=0.029) than the school-age group. The preschool group had fewer fused vertebrae than the school-age and adolescent groups (3.8±1.6 vs. 7.0±2.6 vs. 6.8±2.6, F=10.480, P=0.005). The preschool group also had less intraoperative blood loss than the adolescent groups ((320±125) ml vs. (480±113) ml, F=8.666, P=0.013). However, no significant differences were found in postoperative and final follow-up measurements of primary and distal curve Cobb angles, neck tilt, shoulder balance, coronal balance, trunk tilt, clavicle angle, head deviation, local kyphosis, or complication rates (all P>0.05). Conclusions:Children with cervicothoracic hemivertebra across different age groups exhibit similar surgical outcomes and complication rates. But the preschool group had fewer fixed segments and less intraoperative blood loss, suggesting that this age group is an ideal time for surgery.

Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method to detect the purity of human epidermal growth factor(hEGF),to compare the stability of the products of different enterprises by purity results,and to provide technical support for improving quality control and unified monitoring of hEGF based on national drug sampling and testing.Methods Agilent 300SB C8 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)was used.Mobile phase A was 7.5 mmol·L-1 sodium phosphate buffer(pH 6.8),and mobile phase B was acetonitrile,the column temperature was 30℃,the flow rate was 0.6 mL·min-1 with gradient elution,and the detector wavelength was set at 280 nm.Results The resolution between the main peak of hEGF and the adjacent impurity peak was more than 1.5,with a detection limit of 6 ng.This method has been successfully applied to determine the purity of the bulk and final products.The results showed that the purity of the final products decreased compared with the bulk.The maximum impurity that increased significantly was the deamidation impurity identified by the mass spectrometry.Conclusion Based on the typical sample of the full chain and multi-dosage form,the established method had good specificity and resolution for the preliminary identification and purity determination of hEGF bulk and final products.

In this study,we aim to evaluate the immunogenicity of the whole-cell proteins isolated from Mycobacterium marinum(MM).The findings of this research may provide scientific basis for the development of new candidate tuberculosis vaccines.Both MM 95014 and Mycobacteriumtuberculosis(MTB)H37Rv cells were routinely cultured and collected.After inactivation,whole-cell proteins were extracted by low-temperature ultrasonic fragmentation and mixed with DDA/Poly:IC adjuvant.The mixture was administered to BALB/c mice subcutaneously with 50 mg/mouse twice with an interval of 10 days.Blood sample was collected before each immunization,as well as 10 days after the last immunization.Blood samples and spleen tissue extracts were measured for serum antibody potency and cytokine levels by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.An in vitro growth inhibition assay(MGIA)was used to assess the ability of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages,collected after immunization with MM whole-cell proteins,to inhibit MTB growth.A MTB whole mycobacterium proteome microarray was applied to analyze the interaction between the serum in MM immunization group and MTB proteins.Our results indicated that,compared with the adjuvant group,MM whole-cell proteins induced higher levels of Th1 cytokines(IL-2,IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α)in the mice.The IgG and IgM antibody titers induced by MM immunization group reached 1∶608 874 and 1∶304 437,respectively.The MGIA results showed that the MM immunization group was able to significantly inhibit MTB growth in vitro.The MTB proteome microarray results indicated that there were 226 and 324 cross-proteins with IgG and IgM antibodies,respectively.This study suggested that MM whole-cell proteins can induce high levels of cellular and humoral immune responses in mice and exhibit strong inhibition of MTB growth in vitro.The results may suggest potential application value of MM whole-cell proteins as a novel candidate vaccine for tuberculosis.

Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method to detect the purity of human epidermal growth factor(hEGF),to compare the stability of the products of different enterprises by purity results,and to provide technical support for improving quality control and unified monitoring of hEGF based on national drug sampling and testing.Methods Agilent 300SB C8 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)was used.Mobile phase A was 7.5 mmol·L-1 sodium phosphate buffer(pH 6.8),and mobile phase B was acetonitrile,the column temperature was 30℃,the flow rate was 0.6 mL·min-1 with gradient elution,and the detector wavelength was set at 280 nm.Results The resolution between the main peak of hEGF and the adjacent impurity peak was more than 1.5,with a detection limit of 6 ng.This method has been successfully applied to determine the purity of the bulk and final products.The results showed that the purity of the final products decreased compared with the bulk.The maximum impurity that increased significantly was the deamidation impurity identified by the mass spectrometry.Conclusion Based on the typical sample of the full chain and multi-dosage form,the established method had good specificity and resolution for the preliminary identification and purity determination of hEGF bulk and final products.

Objective:To understand the current research status, hot issues, and development trends of Taohong Siwu Decoction.Methods:Research literature about Taohong Siwu Decoction was retrieved from Wanfang Data, CBM, CNKI, and Chongqing VIP from January 1, 2014, to August 13, 2024. Excel 2024 software was used to analyze the annual number of publications, the source journals, literature types and the distribution of diseases and syndromes. CiteSpace 6.3.R3 software was used for visualization analysis on the authors, research institutions and key words.Results:A total of 2 519 articles were included, and the annual publication volume showed a fluctuating growth trend. There were 396 source journals, of which Medicine and Health published the most (80 articles); 208 authors were involved, and the core authors included Peng Daiyin of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Zhu Fuping of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Sun Shaoqiu of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and so on. The main research institutions in this field included Hunan University of Chinese Medicine and its affiliated hospitals. The high-frequency keywords included fracture, irregular menstruation, clinical efficacy, chloasma, Wuling Powder, experience of famous doctors, elderly, etc. Keywords could be clustered into 11 modules.Conclusions:The current research hotspots of Taohong Siwu Decoction mainly focus on the exploration of multi-system disease treatment, individualized syndrome differentiation and treatment, pharmacology and metabolic mechanism of Chinese materia medica, etc. Among them, the in-depth study of drug composition and metabolism, network pharmacology and mechanism is the research frontier in this field.

AIM To investigate the variations in mercury dissolution from HgS-containing traditional medicines in three kinds of simulated gastrointestinal dissolution media.METHODS 39 batches of 15 types of HgS-containing traditional medicines were collected,total mercury content and dissolved mercury concentrations in simulated gastric fluid,simulated intestinal fluid,and L-cysteine-containing simulated intestinal fluid were measured.The maximum daily intake of total mercury and soluble mercury was calculated based on the maximum daily clinical dosage.RESULTS Among the 15 types of medicines,the maximum daily intake of total mercury varied by 156 times,the daily intake of soluble mercury varied by 3 502 times in simulated gastric fluid,313 times in simulated intestinal fluid,and 10 663 times in L-cysteine-containing simulated intestinal fluid,approximately.CONCLUSION For the 15 types of HgS-containing traditional medicines,the daily maximum intake of soluble mercury showed greater variations than that of total mercury.Soluble mercury concentration is more closely correlated with intestinal absorption of mercury and thus represents a more rational quality control indicator for HgS-containing traditional medicines.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are antitumor drugs composed of monoclonal antibodies and cytotoxic payload covalently coupled by a linker. Currently, 15 ADCs have been clinically approved worldwide. More than 100 clinical trials at different phases are underway to investigate the newly developed ADCs. ADCs represent one of the fastest growing classes of targeted antitumor drugs in oncology drug development. It takes advantage of the specific targeting of tumor-specific antigen by antibodies to deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs precisely to tumor cells, thereby producing promising antitumor efficacy and favorable adverse effect profiles. However, emergence of drug resistance has severely hindered the clinical efficacy of ADCs. In this review, we introduce the structure and mechanism of ADCs, describe the development of ADCs, summarized the latest research about the mechanisms of ADC resistance, discussed the strategies to overcome ADCs resistance, and predicted biomarkers for treatment response to ADC, aiming to contribute to the development of ADCs in the future.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a well-accepted therapy for atopic dermatitis (AD). However, there are currently no evidence-based guidelines integrating TCM and Western medicine for the treatment of AD, limiting the clinical application of such combined approaches. Therefore, the China Association of Chinese Medicine initiated the development of the current guideline, focusing on key issues related to the use of TCM in the treatment of AD. This guideline was developed in accordance with the principles of the guideline formulation manual published by the World Health Organization. A comprehensive review of the literature on the combined use of TCM and Western medicine to treat AD was conducted. The findings were extensively discussed by experts in dermatology and pharmacy with expertise in both TCM and Western medicine. This guideline comprises 23 recommendations across seven major areas, including TCM syndrome differentiation and classification of AD, principles and application scenarios of TCM combined with Western medicine for treating AD, outcome indicators for evaluating clinical efficacy of AD treatment, integration of TCM pattern classification and Western medicine across disease stages, daily management of AD, the use of internal TCM therapies and proprietary Chinese medicines, and TCM external treatments. Please cite this article as: Du XR, Wu MY, Tao MC, Lin Y, Gu CY, Wu MF, Cao Y, Chen DC, Li W, Wang HW, Wang Y, Wang Y, Lu HZ, Liu X, Su XF, Li FL. Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis with integrative traditional Chinese and Western medicine. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(6):641-653.
Dermatitis, Atopic/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Integrative Medicine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic