In recent years， with the extensive application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） both domestically and internationally， safety concerns associated with TCM have been frequently reported. Notably， some TCM substances traditionally regarded as ''non-toxic'' have exhibited significant adverse reactions during clinical use， drawing substantial attention to TCM safety. This study first analyzed the risk factors contributing to the potential toxicity of TCM from perspectives such as drug properties， individual constitution， and clinical medication practices. Subsequently， it proposed research strategies and methodologies for investigating potential TCM toxicity： ① conduct studies under the guidance of TCM theory， adhering to the principle of diversity and unity. ② adopt an integrated research paradigm of ''originating from clinical practice-syndrome-based foundation-returning to clinical practice-serving supervision''. ③ implement a three-tier technical system of ''Mathematical modeling-high-throughput screening via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）-systems biology'' to systematically elucidate the causes， material basis， and mechanisms of toxicity. Finally， scientific regulatory recommendations for potential TCM toxicity are proposed： ① establish a multidimensional prevention and control system addressing drug properties， physical constitution factors， and clinical medication practices. ② address the impact of modern processing techniques on the safety of new TCM drugs. ③ strengthen the revision of standards for Chinese medicinal materials to ensure their safety. ④ account for disease-syndrome combination animal models and interspecies differences in safety assessment outcomes. This study aims to overcome critical challenges in TCM regulation by advancing evaluation through research and driving research through evaluation. By establishing a high-level scientific regulatory framework， it seeks to not only safeguard clinical medication safety but also propel the high-quality development of the TCM industry， thereby providing scientific support for the inheritance and innovative evolution of TCM.

In recent years， with the extensive application of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） both domestically and internationally， safety concerns associated with TCM have been frequently reported. Notably， some TCM substances traditionally regarded as ''non-toxic'' have exhibited significant adverse reactions during clinical use， drawing substantial attention to TCM safety. This study first analyzed the risk factors contributing to the potential toxicity of TCM from perspectives such as drug properties， individual constitution， and clinical medication practices. Subsequently， it proposed research strategies and methodologies for investigating potential TCM toxicity： ① conduct studies under the guidance of TCM theory， adhering to the principle of diversity and unity. ② adopt an integrated research paradigm of ''originating from clinical practice-syndrome-based foundation-returning to clinical practice-serving supervision''. ③ implement a three-tier technical system of ''Mathematical modeling-high-throughput screening via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）-systems biology'' to systematically elucidate the causes， material basis， and mechanisms of toxicity. Finally， scientific regulatory recommendations for potential TCM toxicity are proposed： ① establish a multidimensional prevention and control system addressing drug properties， physical constitution factors， and clinical medication practices. ② address the impact of modern processing techniques on the safety of new TCM drugs. ③ strengthen the revision of standards for Chinese medicinal materials to ensure their safety. ④ account for disease-syndrome combination animal models and interspecies differences in safety assessment outcomes. This study aims to overcome critical challenges in TCM regulation by advancing evaluation through research and driving research through evaluation. By establishing a high-level scientific regulatory framework， it seeks to not only safeguard clinical medication safety but also propel the high-quality development of the TCM industry， thereby providing scientific support for the inheritance and innovative evolution of TCM.

Objective: To explore the relationship between life skills, psychological resilience and subjective well-being among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide evidence for targeted adolescent mental health education. Methods: From September to November, 2025, a total of 5 831 primary and secondary school students from five cities (Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Urumqi) were selected by convenience sampling. The Adolescent Subjective Well being Scale, School based Adolescents Life Skills Scale, and Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale were used for investigation. Data were analyzed using t-tests, one way ANOVA, and linear regression. Results: The total mean score of students subjective well being was (5.46± 0.91) ; the total mean score of life skills was (3.69±0.64); the total mean score of psychological resilience was (3.66±0.69). Statistically significant differences in subjective well being scores were found among students grouped by gender, grade, school stage, residential city, living with parents or living with siblings ( t/F =4.14, 53.92, 14.53, 49.99, 13.49, 2.18, all P <0.01). Stratified regression analyses were performed by gender (adjusting for school stage, residential city and living arrangement) and by school stage (adjusting for gender, residential city and living arrangement), the regression results indicated that life skills of boys, girls, primary school students and junior high school students( β =0.54, 0.53, 0.50, 0.57) and their psychological resilience ( β = 0.56 , 0.60, 0.56, 0.60) were positively associated with subjective well being (all P <0.01). Conclusions Life skills and psychological resilience may be important protective factors for subjective well being among primary and secondary school students. School based mental health education should emphasize life skills training and resilience building to promote students subjective well being.

BackgroundSuicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents. Patients with depression have a high risk of suicide， and family dysfunction is an important contributing factor of suicide. However， the mechanisms among these variables remain unclear. ObjectiveTo explore the influence of family cohesion and adaptability on the risk of suicide in adolescent inpatients with depression， and the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of resilience， so as to provide references for suicide prevention and intervention. MethodsA total of 335 adolescent inpatients with depression were consecutively enrolled from October 2024 to August 2025 in a tertiary Grade A psychiatric hospital in Guangzhou. All participants met the diagnostic criteria for depression in the International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10）. They were assessed using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale Ⅱ-Chinese Version （FACES Ⅱ-CV）， the Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）， the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale （CD-RISC）， the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised （SBQ-R） and the suicide module of the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview （MINI）. A comprehensive suicide risk index was constructed. Model 4 and model 7 in the SPSS macro program Process 4.1 were used to test the mediating effect and the moderating effect， respectively. ResultsCorrelation analysis revealed that the SDS score was positively correlated with the composite suicide risk index （r_s=0.663， P<0.01） but negatively correlated with the family cohesion and adaptability dimensions scores of the FACES II-CV and the CD-RISC score （r_s=-0.448， -0.386， -0.576， P<0.01）. Depressive symptoms fully mediated the association between family cohesion and suicide risk， with an indirect effect of -0.491 （95% CI： -0.646–-0.352）， accounting for 89.76% of the total effect. Depressive symptoms also fully mediated the association between family adaptability and suicide risk， with an indirect effect of -0.442 （95% CI： -0.603–-0.293）， accounting for 89.11% of the total effect. Resilience significantly moderated the effect of family cohesion on depressive symptoms （β=-0.006， P<0.01） and the effect of family adaptability on depressive symptoms （β=-0.007， P<0.05）. ConclusionIn adolescent inpatients with depression， depressive symptoms may play a fully mediating role in the relationships between family cohesion/family adaptability and suicide risk， respectively， and resilience moderated the first stage of this mediating pathway. ［Funded by Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project （number， 2024A03J0299）］

Objective: To explore the association between parental subjective well-being and subjective well-being among primary and secondary school students, so as to provide evidence for promoting adolescent mental health from a family perspective. Methods: From September to November 2025, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 4 612 students in grades 4-8 from 12 primary and secondary schools in five cities—Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chongqing, and Urumqi—along with their parents. Students completed the Adolescent Well being Survey Questionnaire, while parents completed the Parental Well being Survey Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, one way analysis of variance, multiple linear regression, Logistic regression, and stratified subgroup analyses. Results: The maximum score of the subjective well-being scale for primary and secondary school students was 301, with a total score of (224.07±46.63), representing 74.4% of the full score; the maximum score of the parental subjective well-being scale was 120, with a total score of (92.35±15.10), representing 77.0%. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that parental subjective well-being was positively associated with students overall subjective well-being, positive affect, and satisfaction in each domain (friendship, family, school, environment, freedom, and academics), and negatively associated with negative affect ( β =0.45, 0.08, 0.06, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.05, 0.04, -0.05, all P <0.01). Logistic regression and stratified analysis showed that parental subjective well-being was positively associated with students high subjective well-being ( OR =1.03), and the association existed in subgroups of different gender, grade and family structure ( OR =1.02-1.04) (all P <0.05). Conclusions Parental subjective well-being is positively associated with students subjective well-being. Future interventions should incorporate an integrated strategy featuring family-school collaboration to promote adolescent well-being.

OBJECTIVE: This study reports the first imported case of Lassa fever (LF) in China. Laboratory detection and molecular epidemiological analysis of the Lassa virus (LASV) from this case offer valuable insights for the prevention and control of LF. METHODS: Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood, urine, saliva, and environmental materials were collected from the patient and their close contacts for LASV nucleotide detection. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on positive samples to analyze the genetic characteristics of the virus. RESULTS: LASV was detected in the patient's CSF, blood, and urine, while all samples from close contacts and the environment tested negative. The virus belongs to the lineage IV strain and shares the highest homology with strains from Sierra Leone. The variability in the glycoprotein complex (GPC) among different strains ranged from 3.9% to 15.1%, higher than previously reported for the seven known lineages. Amino acid mutation analysis revealed multiple mutations within the GPC immunogenic epitopes, increasing strain diversity and potentially impacting immune response. CONCLUSION The case was confirmed through nucleotide detection, with no evidence of secondary transmission or viral spread. The LASV strain identified belongs to lineage IV, with broader GPC variability than previously reported. Mutations in the immune-related sites of GPC may affect immune responses, necessitating heightened vigilance regarding the virus.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Genome, Viral ; Lassa Fever/virology* ; Lassa virus/classification* ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVE: Human brucellosis is a serious public health concern in the Xilingol League, Inner Mongolia; however, the epidemic trends are unclear. METHOD: In this study, Joinpoint regression analysis and spatiotemporal analysis were applied to investigate the epidemic evolution of human brucellosis. RESULT: From 2004 to 2023, a total of 35,747 cases were reported, with an annual average of 1787.35 cases and an annual average incidence rate of 176.04/100,000. The incidence increased from 173.96/100,000 in 2004 to 500.71/100,000 in 2009 and fluctuated to 61.43/100,000 in 2023. Three epidemic join points were observed in which the disease experienced an alternative rise and fall, peaking in 2009 (APC = 21.73, P > 0.001) and 2020 (APC = 21.51, P > 0.001). The disease showed a persistent decline trend in lentitude (AAPC = -5.30, P > 0.001), suggesting challenges in disease control and a higher risk of rebound. The most cases were reported in Xilinhot City ( n = 4,777), followed by 4,391 in Sonid Left Banner, and 4,324 in Abaga Banner. Spatiotemporal analysis revealed two high clusters (CI and CII) from 2005 to 2012, the high cluster encompassing eight counties and shifting from north to south. CONCLUSION The present analysis highlights that human brucellosis has decreased significantly in the Xilingol League, but the epidemic is still severe; further implementation of a strict control program is necessary.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Brucellosis/epidemiology* ; Epidemics ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Incidence ; Cluster Analysis

Compared with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)using organic small molecule matrix,surface-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry(SALDI-MS)based on nanomaterial matrix is more effective in analysis of small molecule compounds.Ion sputtering instruments have obvious advantages for applying inorganic nanomatrix.In this work,the carbon-platinum material was sputtered onto a glass cover slip using an ion sputtering instrument to form a carbon-platinum(C-Pt)composite nanomatrix,and an SALDI-MS analytical method was thus established based on the prefabricated C-Pt composite matrix.The experimental results showed that the C-Pt composite nanomatrix could significantly improve the signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio of the mass spectrum peaks of the components to be measured.The ratio of carbon to platinum,the duration of ion sputtering,and the laser power in mass spectrometer were investigated to select the optimal C-Pt matrix prefabricated conditions and SALDI-MS experimental conditions.Using the prefabricated C-Pt composite matrix,the melittriose and daidzein sample solution were applied as sample to examine repeatability.The results showed that the intra-point repeatability(RSD)was≤4.8%and the inter-point repeatability(RSD)was≤6.4%.The quercetin and melitriose were applied as model samples,and a linearity between MS peak intensity and respective concentration in the range of 0.05-1.0 mg/mL was found,with linear correlation coefficients(R2)greater than 0.994,showing good potential for quantitative and imaging analysis.Then,the prefabricated C-Pt composite matrix was applied to SALDI-MS analysis of the 50%ethanol extract of soybean,and 15 kinds of compounds including oligosaccharides and triglycerides were identified from the mass spectra.Furthermore,the C-Pt matrix was employed in SALDI-MS imaging for the compositions in corn tissue section,and the results showed that diglycerides and triglycerides were mainly distributed in the corn embryo and around the embryo,and the distribution of oligosaccharides was relatively even.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI)by using network pharmacology methods and clinical trial validation.Methods A prospective trial was carried out in 90 cases of patients with PSCI admitted to Taihe Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Anhui University of Chinese Medicine from August 2022 to February 2024.The patients were randomly divided into the control group and the trial group by random number table method,with 45 cases in each group.The control group was treated with conventional treatment for PSCI,and the trial group was treated with Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule orally on the basis of treatment for the control group.The treatment course for the two groups covered 28 days.The changes of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)score,Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)score,and the serum levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and interleukin 6(IL-6)in the patients of the two groups were observed before and after treatment.Moreover,the incidences of adverse events in the two groups were recorded,thus to evaluate the safety of the treatment regimens in the two groups.And then the network pharmacological research was performed.TCMSP and literature review were used to obtain the active ingredients of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule,GeneCards and other databases were used to obtain the PSCI disease targets,and the common targets were inputted into the STRING database to construct the PPI network.Cytoscape 3.9.0 was used to construct the network diagram of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule-PSCI-targets,DAVID was used to perform GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,and then molecular docking was used to verify the binding activity.Results(1)The results of clinical trial showed that after 28 days of treatment,the MMSE and MoCA scores of patients in the two groups were increased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the increase of the scores in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased compared with those before treatment(P<0.05),and the decrease in the trial group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P<0.05).During the trial,both groups of patients did not show obvious adverse reactions,with high safety.(2)The network pharmacological research of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule yielded 92 active ingredients,803 targets,5 209 disease targets and 556 intersection targets.The core targets were AKT1,TNF,IL-6,TP53 and IL-1B,and the key compounds were deoxyharringtonine,senkyunone and genkwanin.The GO enrichment analysis obtained 1 812 GO entries,of which 154 entries were related with cellular component(CC),1 332 entries were related with biological process(BP),and 326 entries were related with molecular function(MF).The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis yielded 195 signaling pathways.The molecular docking results showed that the key compounds of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule had good binding activities with the core targets.Conclusion The clinical efficacy of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule in the treatment of PSCI is remarkable,and its therapeutic mechanism is probably related with multiple components through the signaling pathways such as AKT1,TNF,and IL-6.The results will provide reference for the in-depth study of Shen Wu Yizhi Capsule.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yiqi Tongluo Decoction in the intervention of early traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes after ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) intervention. Methods: From October 2020 to July 2023, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to include 60 patients with qi deficiency, blood stasis, and phlegm obstruction syndrome after ICVD interventional therapy. They were assigned to the Yiqi Tongluo Decoction treatment group (30 cases) and the TCM placebo routine treatment control group (30 cases) according to the randomized block design. Both groups received routine standardized treatment of Western medicine, including dual antiplatelet, lipid regulation, and control of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease. The treatment group was treated with Yiqi Tongluo Decoction based on the control group. The course of treatment was 60 days and follow-up was carried out 2 and 6 months after the operation. The improvement of qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, phlegm syndrome score and TCM syndrome score, modified Rankin score (mRS), Barthel index (BI) score, Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) level, incidence of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and ischemic stroke (IS) and incidence of adverse reactions, Head and neck CT angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination were collected. The clinical efficacy of the patients 2 months after the operation was taken as the main outcome index to preliminarily evaluate the early and long-term efficacy of Yiqi Tongluo Decoction after the ICVD intervention. The early and long-term clinical efficacy and safety of Western medicine standardized treatment combined with TCM Yiqi Tongluo Decoction on patients with qi deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm obstruction syndrome after ICVD intervention were evaluated. The safety of Yiqi Tongluo Decoction in the treatment of patients after ICVD intervention with white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen (FIB), plasminogen time (PT), recurrence of cerebral ischaemia and restenosis in patients at 2 and 6 months after treatment were evaluated. Results: Compared to the control group, the TCM syndrome scores for qi deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm syndrome in the treatment group reduced significantly, the clinical efficacy improved significantly, the mRS score and FABP4 were reduced, and the BI score was increased. Adverse events such as cerebral ischaemia were fewer in the treatment group than in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant; levels of CRP, WBC and PT were reduced, and levels of FIB were reduced at 6 months post-treatment, all P<0.01, and images were intuitively compared. The treatment group was superior to the control group. Conclusion Yiqi Tongluo Decoction combined with Western medicine standard treatment can improve the early clinical efficacy of ICVD patients with qi deficiency, blood stasis and phlegm obstruction syndrome after interventional surgery, improve neurological impairment and daily living ability, reduce the state of qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome and phlegm syndrome after interventional surgery, and improve the clinical efficacy of TCM. At the same time, it can reduce the level of FABP4, the target of atherosclerosis and restenosis after interventional surgery, reduce the level of inflammation after interventional surgery in patients with ICVD, regulate coagulation function, and reduce the incidence of long-term recurrence of cerebral ischemia after interventional surgery, with good safety.