OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of 3 years after partial pulpotomy with iRoot BP Plus in immature permanent teeth with complex crown fracture and to provide refe-rence for the clinical application. METHODS: The study was prospectively designed and 104 immature permanent teeth with complex crown fracture were randomly allocated into two groups (n=52). The experiment group received iRoot BP Plus as the pulp capping agent while the control group received calcium hydroxide as the pulp capping agent. After partial pulpotomy, all teeth were clinically and radiographically assessed at the end of 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. The success rate in the two groups was evaluated to see if there was significant difference. The root canal wall thickness in the treated teeth was compared both between the groups and within the groups with those of the corresponding healthy teeth on the opposite side, in the same patient. RESULTS: Excluding those lost to follow-up, there were 44 teeth in calcium hydroxide group (8 teeth accounting for 15.4% were lost to follow up) and 45 teeth in iRoot BP Plus group (7 teeth accounting for 13.5% were lost to follow up) in the end. There was no intergroup difference in the success rate between calcium hydroxide group and iRoot BP Plus group (per-protocol analysis: 80% vs. 87%; intent-to-treat analysis: 67% vs. 75%). The non-inferiority margin was -10%. The 95% confidence interval of the difference in success rate was -8% to 22%. There was no significant difference in root development between the experimental teeth and contralateral control teeth. The thickness of upper 1/3 root canal in the iRoot BP Plus group was thinner than that in the CH group [(1.82±0.21) mm vs. (1.91±0.20) mm, P=0.047]. CONCLUSION iRoot BP Plus used in pulpotomy can effectively preserve the living pulp and promote the development of root in the young permanent teeth with complex crown fracture.
Humans ; Tooth Fractures ; Calcium Hydroxide/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Male ; Child ; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents ; Pulpotomy/methods* ; Prospective Studies ; Dental Pulp Capping/methods* ; Adolescent ; Dentition, Permanent ; Drug Combinations ; Tooth Crown/injuries* ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; Silicones

ABSTRACT The goal of endodontic treatment is to prevent and control of pulp and periradicular infections. Calcium hydroxide has a beneficial biological property as an intracanal medicament and can be combined with cresotin to disinfect bacteria in root canals, especially Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) which is the most frequently isolated strain in the root canals. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of calcium hydroxide, cresotin, and combination calcium hydroxide and cresotin (Ca[OH]2+Cresotin, 1:1 and 1:2) against E. faecalis. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. The test medicaments were placed inside the hole that made in the inoculated agar medium. The zone of growth inhibition was measured and recorded after incubation for each plate, and the result was analysed statistically with ANOVA. The in vitro antimicrobial effects of combination calcium hydroxide and cresotin (Ca[OH]2+Cresotin, 1:2) has more prominent antimicrobial activity than others, and calcium hydroxide is more effective than cresotin alone. The antimicrobial activity of combined calcium hydroxide and cresotin is more effective in killing E. faecalis in comparison to the other treatments.
Calcium Hydroxide--therapeutic use ; Root Canal Therapy ; Enterococcus faecalis

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of revascularization for treatment of immature teeth with endodontic infection mediated by calcium hydroxide.

METHODSSeventeen pediatric patients with endodontic infections of the permanent teeth were treated with routine root canal and pulp cavity irrigation and disinfection followed by application of calcium hydroxide paste to the root canal orifice to induce revascularization. Another 17 patients received conventional apexification procedures to serve as the control group. The patients were followed up to observe the therapeutic effect of the treatments.

RESULTSIn the revascularization treatment group, 4 cases showed healed periapical lesions 6 to 18 months after the surgery with thickened root canal walls and closure of the apical foramen; in 10 cases, the periapical lesions healed 12 to 18 months postoperatively with lengthened root, thickened root canal wall, and narrowed apical foramen. One patient reported pain and swelling at 2 months, and 2 patients showed the formation of gum fistula and ceased development of the roots at 7 and 8 months. In the control group, the periapical lesions healed in 1 cases at 12 months postoperatively with apical foramen closure; in 11 cases, hard tissues formed in the root apex without obviously lengthened roots 6 to 8 months after the surgery; in 5 cases, no apical barrier formed even 12 to 18 months after the surgery. The overall effective rates were similar between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSRevascularization by calcium hydroxide sealing can promote root development of immature permanent teeth with pulpitis or periradicular periodontitis.

Adolescent ; Calcium Hydroxide ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Dental Pulp ; blood supply ; Dental Pulp Diseases ; therapy ; Dentition, Permanent ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; drug effects ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the results of calcium hydroxide-based sealer Sealapex in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis.

METHODSA total of 100 cases with chronic apical periodontitis were included and divided into two groups, calcium hydroxide sealer (Sealapex) group and ZOE sealer group, and Sealapex and ZOE sealer were respectively used. All cases were followed up for two years after treatment and the clinical results compared between the two groups. The evaluation was based on clinical examination and radiographic assessment using periapical index (PAI) and digital subtraction radiography (DSR) technique.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference between the ZOE group and Sealapex group in overall healing rates and mean quantitative analysis at 3 months and 2 years after treatment (P = 0.206, 0.776). A correlation was found between PAI and DSR (P < 0.01, gamma = 0.58).

CONCLUSIONSSealapex sealer could obtain satisfactory effects for the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis. The combination of DSR and PAI methods was able to monitor the radiographic bone changes of periapical disease.

Calcium Hydroxide ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Periapical Periodontitis ; therapy ; Periodontal Index ; Radiography, Dental, Digital ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

A visible light-curing calcium hydroxide cement is presented here and the effects of its resin matrix on the Ca2+ releasing, compressive strength of set material and the pH value of water in which set materials immersed are evaluated. Experimental results show that the effects of the selected resin matrix on Ca2+ releasing, compressive strength and pH value are significant. The calcium hydroxide cement containing BEMA or EMA and HEMA as resin matrix has good properties. The pulp capping test showed that an excellent dentin bridge appeared in dogs capped teeth at 70 days. pulp, pulp capping, calcium hydroxide, visible light-curing, dental materials
Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Calcium Hydroxide ; radiation effects ; therapeutic use ; Composite Resins ; chemistry ; radiation effects ; therapeutic use ; Dental Cements ; therapeutic use ; Dental Pulp Capping ; instrumentation ; Dental Pulp Exposure ; therapy ; Dogs ; Light ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this article was to observe the effect of Vitapex Paste in apexilication.

METHODS64 younger permanent teeth with underdeveloped apex and necrotic pulp were randomly selected. After root canals were prepared and sterilized, Vitapex paste was used in the apexification. All the teeth were observed for three years.

RESULTS24 teeth (37.5%) were successful, 37 teeth (57.81%) were progressive, 3 teeth (4.69%) were failed. Altogether 61 teeth were effective, the effective rate was 95.31%.

CONCLUSIONVitapex paste was effective for the younger permanent teeth in the apexification.

Adolescent ; Calcium Hydroxide ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Drug Combinations ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Root Canal Filling Materials ; therapeutic use ; Silicones ; therapeutic use ; Tooth Apex ; drug effects ; growth & development

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic effect of oxymatrine on experimental liver fibrosis and to reveal its mechanism.

METHODSBy establishing D-galactosamine-induced rat liver fibrosis model, we observed the effect of oxymatrine on serum and tissue biochemical indexes, content of liver hydroxyline, expression of TGF?1 mRNA and changes of tissue pathology.

RESULTSThere was a decline of liver hydroxyline and serum AST and ALT in oxymatrine group compared to those of the D-GalN group. The hydroxyline content in oxymatrine pretreatment group was (0.50 0.11)mug/mg compared with (0.99 0.14)mug/mg in D-GalN group (t=8.366, P<0.01). The content in oxymatrine treatment group was (0.44 0.04)mug/mg compared with 0.70 0.06 in D-GalN group (t=9.839, P<0.01). The SOD activity was (149.81 15.28) NU/mg in oxymatrine pretreatment group and (95.22 16.33) NU/mg in the model group (t=7.309, P<0.01); (157.68 19.54) NU/mg in the treatment group compared with (119.88 14.94) NU/mg in the model group (t=4.348, P<0.01). MDA in the pretreatment group was (2.06 0.17) nmol/mg, lower than (4.57 0.37) nmol/mg in the model group (t=17.529, P<0.01). In the treatment group, it was (1.76 0.24)nmol/mg, lower than (3.10 0.17) nmol/mg in the model group (t=12.697, P<0.01). TGF?1 mRNA reduced in the pretreatment and treatment groups as compared with that in the model group (0.21 0.01 vs 0.50 0.01, t=48.665, P<0.01; 0.18 0.02 vs 0.38 0.01, t=22.464, P<0.01). Electron microscopy showed that oxymatrine group had milder hepatocyte degeneration and less fibrosis accumulation than did the model group. Microscopy revealed wide septa expansion from the portal area to the central venous, piecemeal and confluent necrosis and pseudo-nodular formation in part of the lobular in the model group. While in oxymatrine group these lesions were much improved.

CONCLUSIONSOxymatrine shows prophylactic and therapeutic effect in D-galactosamine induced rat liver fibrosis. This is partly by protecting hepatocyte and suppressing fibrosis accumulation through anti-lipoperoxidation.

Alkaloids ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; therapeutic use ; Calcium Hydroxide ; metabolism ; Chemoprevention ; Disease Models, Animal ; Galactosamine ; Liver Cirrhosis ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Quinolizines ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; genetics ; metabolism