Objective: To analyze the spatio-temporal distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) among students in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province from 2015 to 2023, so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of PTB in schools. Methods: Data of PTB cases among students in Suzhou City from 2015 to 2023 were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Suzhou Report of Investigation and Disposal of Tuberculosis in Schools. The seasonal incidence of PTB among students was analyzed using seasonal index (SI). The spatio-temporal clustering characteristics of PTB among students were analyzed using spatial autocorrelation and retrospective spatio-temporal permutation scanning. Results: Totally 1 374 PTB cases among students were reported in Suzhou City from 2015 to 2023. PTB cases were reported in each month, and the SIs were 100.69%, 124.38%, 108.98%, 135.04%, 106.61% and 106.61% in April, May, July, September, October and November, respectively, indicating the prevalence of PTB among students. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed there was a positive spatial correlation of PTB among students in 2019 and 2020 (Moran's I=0.053 and 0.089, both P<0.05). From 2015 to 2023, there were high-high clustering sites mainly in Hengtang Street and Shishan Street. Retrospective spatio-temporal permutation scanning showed a primary cluster in Hengtang Street, with aggregation time in 2017, and 6 secondary clusters covering 25 towns (streets). Conclusion From 2015 to 2023, the PTB cases among students in Suzhou City were mainly concentrated in summer and autumn, and were predominantly clustered in Hengtang Street and Shishan Street.

Objective:Bibliometric analysis was performed to map scientific knowledge landscape, so that to explore the research status and future trends in the field of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) over the past decade.Methods:Literature on CRGNB published between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2024 was retrieved from the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI) database and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used for bibliometric analysis.Results:A total of 3 340 Chinese and 10 761 English publications were included in this study. The annual Chinese publications remained stable, while English publications exhibited a linear growth. It was anticipated that the English publications would decline in the forthcoming years, although remaining high. China contributed the highest number of publications, and Zhejiang University was the institution with the largest number of publications. Bonomo RA, Chen L, etc. were high-impact authors in the field of CRGNB and had formed a stable cooperative group. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy was the journal with the largest number of publications. High-frequency keywords in the domain of CRGNB were comprehensively categorized into four distinct clusters, including carbapenem resistance mechanisms and gene transmission, antimicrobial drugs and combination therapy, management of critically ill patients, and infections and colonization. It was imperative to acknowledge the significance of all of these research areas. Burst word analysis suggested that carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales virulence genes as well as new isoforms of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) had become a research hotspot. Conclusions:The issue of carbapenem resistance remains a significant concern. Current research focus on the resistance mechanisms and antimicrobial agents, highlighting its significant academic advancement and practical applications. Fostering international collaboration through academic exchanges between research teams worldwide is imperative to establish robust cooperative relationships, facilitate multidisciplinary cooperation, and promote high-quality research.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of ferritin combined with the COSSH-ACLF Ⅱ score for the prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF).Methods:The clinical data of 419 cases with HBV-ACLF hospitalized at the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retrospectively analyzed between January 1, 2013 and September 30, 2022, and were divided into the death ( n=127) and survival group ( n=292) according to the survival status of 28 days of follow-up. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare confirmation of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of numerical data between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of HBV-ACLF patients. The predictive value of ferritin combined with the COSSH-ACLF Ⅱ score on the prognosis of HBV-ACLF was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) and area under the curve (AUC), net reclassification index (NRI), and comprehensive discriminant improvement index (IDI). Results:There were statistically significant differences in age, neutrophil count (NEUT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), serum creatinine (Scr), serum urea, prothrombin time (PT), prothrombin activity (PTA), international normalized ratio (INR), serum ferritin (SF), hepatic encephalopathy, and COSSH-ACLF Ⅱ scores between the two groups ( P<0.05). Ferritin ( OR=1.001, 95% CI:1.001-1.002, P<0.001) and COSSH-ACLF Ⅱ score ( OR=2.898, 95% CI:1.560-5.384, P<0.001) were independent factors for predicting short-term prognosis for patients with HBV-ACLF. Ferritin combined with COSSH-ACLF II score had a higher prognostic predictive value than ferritin (AUC=0.697, 95% CI: 0.651-0.741) and COSSH-ACLF II score (AUC=0.819, 95% CI: 0.779-0.855) for patients with HBV-ACLF (AUC=0.857, 95% CI: 0.819-0.889), with a statistically significant difference ( Z=6.287 and 2.666, respectively, P <0.05). The predictive effect was significantly improved following the addition of ferritin to the COSSH-ACLF Ⅱ score ( P<0.001), and the NRI and IDI were both >0 (NRI=0.144, 95% CI: 0.064-0.225; IDI=0.080, 95% CI: 0.052-0.108). Conclusion:Ferritin and COSSH-ACLF Ⅱ scores are independent factors that can predict short-term prognosis for patients with HBV-ACLF, and combing both has a higher predictive value.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease-related death worldwide. Nonetheless, existing therapeutic approaches for MI are hampered by issues such as reliance on pharmacological agents and suboptimal patient adherence. Caffeic acid (CA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound with important anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant functions. Still, its specific role and mechanism in treating cardiovascular disease remain to be further studied. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that the kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Keap1/Nrf2) pathway is a key factor in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress model of H9c2 cells and left anterior descending branch (LAD) conjunctival induced acute myocardial infarction reperfusion (AMI/R) model were used to evaluate the protective effect of CA on the heart. The interaction between CA and Keap1 was analyzed by CA-labeled fluorescence probe, target fishing, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), protein crystallography and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Our results suggested that CA binds Keap1 and degrades Keap1 in a p62-dependent manner, further promoting nuclear transcription of Nrf2 and thus effectively reducing oxidative stress. In addition, based on the three-dimensional eutectic structure, it was confirmed that CA directly targets Keap1 protein by interacting with residues M550 and N532, inducing conformation changes in Keap1 protein. We also found that the CA analog chlorogenic acid (GCA) can bind Keap1. In conclusion, this study elucidates a novel molecular mechanism and structural basis for the protective effects of CA against oxidative damage via the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway.

Objective:To investigate the role and analgesic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1(GRg1)in neuropathic pain in rats.Methods:A total of 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,spared nerve injury(SNI)group,GRg1 group,GRg1+empty vector group(GRg1+vector group),and GRg1+TLR4 overexpression plasmid group(GRg1+TLR4 group),with 6 rats in each group.The SNI method was used to establish a rat model of neuropathic pain in the latter four groups,and after successful modeling,GRg1 was given by gavage for 14 days,while the plasmid was injected via the caudal vein.The sciatic nerve was exposed for the sham-operation group without any injury manipulation.A mechanical pain threshold detector and a radiation thermal pain threshold detector were used to measure mechanical withdrawal threshold and thermal withdrawal latency on day 1 before surgery and on days 1,3,7,and 14 after surgery.L4-L6 spinal cord tissue samples were collected,and quantitative real-time PCR,Western blot,and indirect immunofluorescence assay were used to measure the mRNA and protein expression levels of GFAP,a marker for astrocyte activation,and Iba-1,a marker for microglial cells;ELISA was used to measure the content of IL-1β,TNF-α,and CXCL1 in spinal cord tissue,and colorimetry was used to mea-sure the content of NO in spinal cord tissue;molecular docking was used to investigate the binding ability and interaction mode between GRg1 and TLR4.Results:GRg1 restored mechanical withdrawal threshold(F=24.67,P=0.000)and thermal withdrawal latency in SNI rats(F=8.058,P=0.034)and downregulated the expression lev-els of GFAP(mRNA:F=37.74,P=0.000;protein:F=98.71,P=0.001)and Iba-1(mRNA:F=62.11,P=0.000;protein:F=187.0,P=0.000)in spinal cord tissues of SNI rats,and it also reduced the levels of IL-1β(F=56.96,P=0.000),TNF-α(F=55.25,P=0.000),CXCL1(F=93.54,P=0.000)and NO(F=30.57,P=0.000)in the spinal cord tissues of SNI rats.The study on mechanisms showed highly stable binding between GRg1 and TLR4,and GRg1 downregulated the expression level of TLR4(mRNA:F=62.66,P=0.000;protein:F=53.52,P=0.000)and the phosphorylation levels of p38(F=300.3,P=0.000)and p65(F=121.6,P=0.000)in spinal cord tis-sues of SNI rats,whereas the overexpression of TLR4 reversed the effect of GRg1(Mechanical Paw Withdrawal Threshold:F=24.67,P=0.000;Thermal Paw Withdrawal Latency:F=8.058,P=0.034;GFAP,mRNA:F=37.74,P=0.009;Protein:F=98.71,P=0.000;Iba-1,mRNA:F=62.11,P=0.006;Protein:F=187.0,P=0.000;IL-1β:F=56.96,P=0.006;TNF-α:F=55.25,P=0.000;CXCL1:F=93.54,P=0.000;NO:F=30.57,P=0.042;TLR4,mRNA:F=62.66,P=0.000;Protein:F=53.52,P=0.000;p38 Phosphorylation Level:F=300.3,P=0.000;p65 Phosphorylation Level:F=121.6,P=0.000).Conclusion:GRg1 may exert an analgesic effect on SNI rats by regulating the TLR4-p38/MAPK-NF-κB signaling pathway and activating the activation of astrocytes and microglial cells in spinal cord tissue.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death modality triggered by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and is closely linked to tumor pathogenesis. Ferritinophagy refers to the selective autophagic degradation of ferritin, releasing intracellular stored iron to maintain iron metabolic homeostasis. This process is also significantly associated with tumor-targeted interventions. This review systematically elucidates the mechanisms of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy, their roles in tumor progression, and the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically induced ferritinophagy in anticancer strategies.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Nanning City,Liangqing District from 2012 to 2023.Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to describe the three distribution characteristics of HFMD,and to predict the incidence trend of HFMD.Results From 2012 to 2023,Liangqing District of Nanning City reported a total of 19 715 cases of HFMD.The incidence rates varied significantly across different years,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.01).The urban area reported the highest number of cases.The disease primarily occurred from April to October,with the highest incidence among children aged 6 months to 5 years,mainly among children in daycare and preschools.From 2012 to 2023,a total of 588 cases were diagnosed through laboratory tests,with the highest detection rate of other enteroviruses,and a relatively lower detection rate of EV71.Predictions indicate that the incidence of HFMD in Liangqing District of Nanning City will decrease in 2025 compared to 2023.Conclusion Incidence of HFMD in Liangqing District,Nanning is high,especially among children aged 6 months to 5 years.It is suggested to strengthen the epidemic surveillance,continue to carry out pathogen surveillance.

A case of Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome(Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome,SIHIWES)is presented.The patient was a 35-year-old male with cryptorchidism,growth retardation,skeletal malformations,muscular atrophy,a wide forehead,special facial features like square face,small low-set and cup-shaped ears since birth.Whole-exon sequencing identified a heterozygous mutation(NM_001273:c.3047A>G(chr12-6701125)(p.K1016R))in CHD4 gene.The clinical significance of this mutation is currently unknown,and has not been previously reported.In light of the patient's symptoms,the case was diagnosed as Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome.This case represents the first instance of Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome in an adult patient in China.

Objective This study aimed to examine the risk factors and prognostic factors of brucellar spondylitis for early prevention and treatment of the disease,and improving the outcomes of patients.Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted on the patients with brucellosis who were hospitalized in the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from June 2020 to June 2022.Patients were assigned to brucellosis without spondylitis group or brucellar spondylitis group according to the presence of spondylitis.The patients in brucellar spondylitis group were followed for 1 year.Then they were stratified into a subgroup of good or poor prognosis according to clinical outcomes.The dataset for the demographic and clinical variables of patients were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software.Results A total of 300 patients with brucellosis were enrolled,including 113 cases of brucellosis without spondylitis and 187 cases of brucellar spondylitis.Multivariate analysis showed that age,time from onset to diagnosis,low back pain,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were independent risk factors for brucellar spondylitis(P＜0.05).Of the 154 cases of brucellar spondylitis with known outcomes,121 cases showed good prognosis and 33 cases had poor prognosis.COX regression analysis showed that the time from onset to diagnosis,diabetes mellitus,paravertebral abscess,and neurological impairment were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with brucellar spondylitis(P＜0.05).Conclusions Old age,prolonged time from onset to diagnosis,low back pain,and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate are independent risk factors for spondylitis in patients with brucellosis.Prolonged time from onset to diagnosis,diabetes mellitus,paravertebral abscess,and neurological impairment are independent risk factors for poor prognosis of brucellar spondylitis.