Objective: This study was summarized and analyzed the reporting data of pressure ulcer events in children for nearly 4 years. We expected this study can provide a recommendation for design of the subsequent reporting system, especially the pressure ulcer. Methods: A total of 207 children with pressure ulcers from January 2015 to September 2018 were exported from the adverse event reporting system that made a retrospective analysis based on structured method. Results: Among the 207 pressure ulcer cases, 173 (83.57%) cases were hospital acquired, 65 (31.40%) were female, 104 (50.24%) were male, and 38 (18.36%) were missing data. The factors that are prone to pressure ulcers in children are in CICU(74/173), the occipital (83/207), and with stage I(112/207). 111(64.16%)cases were delayed reporting, and the median delayed reporting time was 38(143) days. There are many missing records in the description of the event, the medical treatment, the analysis of the possible causes and other items. In univariate analysis, the setting was associated with missing records in system; the occipital and stage I pressure ulcers were associated with a delayed reporting of hospital acquired pressure ulcers. Conclusions For the prevention of pressure ulcers in children, different high-risk populations should have corresponding strategies. The adverse event of pressure ulcers were reported to be missed and delayed that was attributed to the cumbersome process. The reporting process and system should be standardized.

Objective To investigate the changing characteristics and rules of the different period of articular cartilage in rats after dorsal rhizotomy, and to verify the partial sensory disturbance can cause articular cartilage injury. Methods Thirty-three ten-month-old SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into experimental group ( n=18 ) and control group ( n=15) .The rats in the experimental group were sectioned the L3、L4 dorsal roots in the right.The rats in the control group were only incised the skin and paravertebral muscles.To observe the behavior changes in rats.At 2, 6 and 10 weeks, the specimens of the right hind lower end of femur were drawn out to make paraffin sections, then HE staining and Safranin O/Fast Green staining.The changes and characteristics of the morphology of the articular cartilage was observed.Results With the prolonging of period, the right hind limb of the experimental rats through the change process of transient paralysis, coordination of movement disorders and active movement.In the experimental group, the patellar surface of right hind femur gradually became shallow and wide.The articular cartilage underwent rough, cells disorganizated, cells decreased, and duplicated drifted and interrupted tide line. The ratios of ACC/TAC of the experimental group were gradually high(t=5.25~8.13,P <0.05).Conclusion Dorsal rhizotomy can cause injury and degenerative changes in articular cartilage.

Objective:To establish the fingerprint analysis method for the aqueous extracts of Eucommia ulmoides from Enshi by HPLC. Methods:The fingerprint of aqueous extracts of ten batches of Eucommia ulmoides from Enshi were analyzed by HPLC. The columnwasWondaSilC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm). Themobilephaseconsistedofacetonitrile-0.1% phosphoricacidwithgradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 , the detection wavelength was 230 nm, the column temperature was 25℃, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The fingerprint consisted of 12 common peaks. The similarity range of ten batches of Eucommia ulmoides calculated by similarity evaluation system for the chromatographic fingerprint of TCM(Version 2004 A)was 0. 596-0. 997. The standard fingerprint of Eucommia ulmoides was established by HPLC. Conclusion: The established HPLC fingerprint analysis method for Eu-commia ulmoides from Enshi is simple, stable and reproducible, which can effectively control the quality of Eucommia ulmoides from Enshi.

ThestudiesonthemaincomponentsinEucommiaulmoidesfromdomesticandabroadweresummarizedinthepaper, which can provide the reference for the effective component study and quality control of the Chinese herb.

Objective:To optimize β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion process for volatile oil in Yingxinning capsules. Methods:The content of volatile oil in theβ-CD inclusion compound as the evaluation index, the ratio of volatile oil toβ-CD, inclusion tempera-ture, inclusion time and stirring speed as the influencing factors, the inclusion process was studied using L9(34)orthogonal design. Re-sults:The best preparation conditions were as follows:the ratio of volatile oil toβ-CD was 1∶ 9, the inclusion temperature was 40℃, the inclusion time was 30min and the stirring speed was 800 r·min-1 . Conclusion: The preparation technology is simple, feasible and stable with high inclusion rate of volatile oil.

Based on multi-layer dielectric model of spherical biological cell, a simulating method of frequency characteristics of inner and outer membranes is presented in this paper. Frequency-domain analysis showed that inner and outer membranes subjected to pulsed electric field exhibit band-pass and low-pass filter characteristics, respectively. A calculating method of the transmembrane potential of inner and outer membranes induced by time-varying electric field was introduced, and the window effect between electric field and transmembrane potential was also analyzed. When the duration is reduced from microsecond to sub-microsecond, and to nanosecond, the target induced was from the outer membrane to inner membrane gradually. At the same time, the field intensity should be increased to induce corresponding bioelectric effects. Window effect provides theoretical guidance to choosing reasonable parameters for application of pulsatile electric field in tumor treatment.
Cell Membrane ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Computer Simulation ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Humans ; Membrane Potentials ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Models, Biological

In order to investigate the effects of electric pulses on cancer cells, we carried out the experiments with exposing HepG2 and L02 to electric pulses (1 kV/cm, l00 micros, 1 Hz) for different lengths of time (8 s, 15 s, 30 s, 60 s). Annexin V-FITC Kit and Flow cytometry were used to study the apoptosis of treated cells. The results showed that the electric pulses of 1 kV/cm, l00 micros, 1 Hz for 8 s could not induce tumor cells apoptosis. Apoptosis was observed when tumor cells were stimulated for 15 s and longer, and the apoptosis percentage increased with the increase of stimulation time. Furthermore, tumor cells were more sensitive than normal cells in response to electrical pulses. Rhodamine 123 and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) were used to make a real-time study of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim) when the tumor cells were exposed to electric pulses for 60 s. No significant change of Deltapsim was observed within 30 s stimulation. After that, the Deltapsim increased sharply and declined later, suggesting that the mitochondrial pathway may be one of the apoptosis mechanism induced by electric pulses.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; physiology ; radiation effects ; Time Factors

In the light of optical theory, we advanc an ultra-wideband impulse radiating antenna (IRA) which is composed of an ellipsoidal reflector and a cone radiator. The high-intensity ultra-short electric pulses radiated by IRA can be transferred into the deep target in tissue non-invasively and be focused effectively. With the focused picosecond electric pulses, the organelles (mitochondria) transmembrane potential shall change to collapse under which the tumor cells will be targetly induced to apoptosis, so the method of non-invasive treatment of tumors would be achieved. Based on the time-domain electromagnetic field theory, the propagation characteristics of picosecond electric pulses were analyzed with and without the context of biological tissue, respectively. The results show that the impulse characteristics of input pulse were maintained and the picosecond electric pulses can keep high resolution in target areas. Meanwhile, because of the dispersive nature of medium, the pulse amplitude of the pulses will attenuate and the pulse width will be broadened.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Electric Stimulation Therapy ; methods ; Electrodes ; Electromagnetic Phenomena ; Electroporation ; methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy

The aim of our study was to determine the effects of energy controllable steep pulse (ECSP) on the cytoskeleton of human ovarian cancer cells SKOV3. SKOV3 cells were divided into five groups under ECSP treatment with different parameters (frequency, pulse duration, peak value of voltage). The positive control group included SKOV3 cells treated with volchicine; the negative control group included SKOV3 cells subjected to sham-lightning stroke. Rhodamine-phalloidine was used to label microfilament directly. After using immunofluorescence to label microbules, we observed them by means of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope. Making specimen and using electronmicroscope, we observed the ultramicrostructure of cystoskeleton. The results showed that ECSP-treated-SKOV3 cells lost their normal cystoskeleton network structure. There were obvious microfilament disaggregation, diffused skeleton protein, and disappearance of cystoskeleton network structure. Also noticeable were microbule disaggregation, reduction of pseudopod, obvious microfilament disaggregation, permutation disorder and structure disappearance. Moreover, this effect bears a direct relation with dosage.
Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytoskeleton ; ultrastructure ; Electric Conductivity ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electroporation ; Female ; Humans ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; pathology ; Pulse

This experiment was designed to study the apoptosis and related mechanism of adherent liver tumor cells (SMMC-7721) and adherent normal liver cells (HL-7702) when they were exposed to the steep pulse generated by the steep pulse apparatus for tumor treatment. The results showed that the steep pulse of 200 V could induce tumor cells apoptosis. The tumor cells presented with their apoptosis when they were exposed to the steep pulse from 200 V to 250 V. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to make a real time study of calcium burst when the adherent tumor cells were exposed to the steep pulse. The results showed:On the condition of no extracellular Ca2+, the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 150 V did not change; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 200 V decreased; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 250 V decreased more evidently. On the condition of existing extracellular Ca2+, the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 150 V did not change; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 200 V decreased little; the concentration of Ca2+ in tumor cells exposed to the steep pulse of 250 V reduced little, too. Maybe the change of calcium burst in the tumor cells is the mechanism of apoptosis when cells are exposed to the steep pulse.
Apoptosis ; radiation effects ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Electricity ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Hepatocytes ; cytology ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Tumor Cells, Cultured