OBJECTIVE To establish the fingerprint of Pinghuo tea standard decoction and a method for determination of multi-component to clarify the transfer relationship of quantities and quality from pieces and standard decoction. METHODS Fifteen batches of Pinghuo tea standard decoction were prepared and the extract rate was determined； the fingerprint of the preparation was established by using high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）； the similarity evaluation and the determination of common peaks were performed， and chemometric analysis was performed； the same method was used to determine the content of indicator components and the transfer rate was calculated. The chromatographic column was Venusil C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution）； the column temperature was 30 ℃， and the detection wavelengths were 238 nm （0-37 min， 85-102 min） and 330 nm （37-85 min） at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with an injection volume of 10 μL. RESULTS The similarity of HPLC fingerprints for 15 batches of Pinghuo tea standard decoction was not lower than 0.968. A total of 24 common peaks were calibrated and 9 peaks were recognized， which were as follows neochlorogenic acid （peak 3）， chlorogenic acid （peak 6）， geniposide （peak 9）， glycyrrhizin （peak 10）， galuteolin （peak 11）， isochlorogenic acid A （peak 14）， luteolin （peak 21）， kaempferol （peak 23） and glycyrrhizic acid （peak 24）. Cluster analysis， principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed consistent results， all of which could classify the 15 batches of samples into three categories. The linear range of indicator components in 15 batches of Pinghuo tea standard decoction， such as geniposide， luteolin， isochlorogenic acid A， glycyrrhizin， and glycyrrhizic acid， were 0.020 580-0.411 600， 0.001 617-0.080 850， 0.006 076-0.607 600， 0.005 125-0.071 740， and 0.017 288-0.432 200 mg/mL， respectively； RSDs of precision， repeatability， stability and recovery rate tests were all not higher than 4% （n＝6）. The mass fractions ranged 3.227 9-10.002 2， 0.297 4-0.554 6， 3.350 1-6.159 6， 0.720 6-1.073 3， 2.003 1-3.030 1 mg/g； transfer rates from the pieces and standard decoction were 19.762 8%-35.840 5%， 12.123 3%-21.254 0%， 46.097 2%-82.869 4%， 58.708 8%-91.629 6%， 39.114 3%-63.710 6%. The transfer rates of the extract from 15 batches of Pinghuo tea standard decoction ranged from 61.15%-84.68%. CONCLUSIONS Established HPLC fingerprint and content determination methods in this study are simple and accurate， which can provide reference for the quantitative value transfer study， quality control， clinical application and the development of subsequent formulations of Pinghuo tea standard decoction.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

ObjectiveTo investigate the alleviating effect of calcium cyanamide （CaCN₂） soil fumigation on replanting problems of Rehmannia glutinosa. MethodsNewly soil （NP） was used as the control group， while three treatment groups were established： replanted soil （RP）， newly soil treated with CaCN₂ （120 g·m²， tillage depth 25 cm） （NPCC）， and replanted soil treated with CaCN₂ （RPCC）. R. glutinosa was cultivated in all groups. At harvest， the tuber agronomic traits （number of enlarged roots， maximum root diameter， fresh weight， dry weight） were measured. The content of catalpol and rehmannioside D was quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） to evaluate medicinal quality. Rhizosphere soil available nutrients and enzyme activities were analyzed by assay kits. The community structure and composition of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere soil were assessed via internal transcribed spacer 2 （ITS2） sequencing and 16S rDNA sequencing， respectively. ResultsCompared with NP， the RP group showed obviously reduced in tuber agronomic traits and quality indicators （P0.05）. However， the RPCC group showed significant improvement in agronomic traits and a notable increase in rehmannioside D content compared to RP （P0.05）. The contents of available phosphorus and potassium in RPCC and NP groups were obviously lower than those in RP （P0.05）. The polyphenol oxidase soil （S-PPO） activity in RP was obviously lower than in NP （P0.05）， while sucrose soil （S-SC）， acid phosphatase soil （S-ACP）， and S-PPO activities in RPCC were obviously higher than in RP （P0.05）. Microbial richness and diversity in RP were obviously higher than in NP （P0.05）， whereas no significant differences were observed between the RPCC and NP. The relative abundances of fungal genera Nectria， Myrothecium， Tomentella， and bacterial genus Skermanella were obviousl lower in RPCC and NP than in RP （P0.05）. Correlation analysis that S-ACP activity was positively correlated with the content of rehmannioside D （P0.05）. Fungal genera Engyodontium and Alternaria， and bacterial genera Pir4 lineage， Pirellula， Methyloversatilis， Brevundimonas， Ralstonia， and Acidibacter were obviously positively correlated with tuber dry weight （P0.05）. Conversely， fungal genera Pseudaleuria， Nectria， Haematonectria， Ceratobasidium， and bacterial genera Streptomyces， Skermanella， RB41， Gemmatimonas， and Bacillus were obviously negatively correlated with dry weight （P0.05）. The fungal genus Alternaria and bacterial genera Brevundimonas， Ralstonia， Acidibacter， and Dongia showed positive correlations with medicinal quality of R.glutinosa tuber， while fungal genera Pseudaleuria， Nectria， Stachybotrys， Fusarium， Gibberella， Ceratobasidium， and bacterial genera Sphingomonas， Skermanella， RB41， Gemmatimonas， and Bacillus were obviously negatively correlated （P0.05）. ConclusionCaCN₂ soil fumigation can significantly improve enzyme activities in replanted Rehmannia rhizosphere soil， enhance the utilization of available nutrients， reshape microbial community structure of replanted R.glutinosa at the family and genus level， and notably improve tuber agronomic traits and medicinal quality. This study provides a novel approach to alleviating replanting problems and offers insights for the integrated development of standardized cultivation techniques， including soil disinfection， nutrient-targeted regulation， and microbial inoculant application.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have reshaped the treatment landscape of hematological malignancies, offering a potentially curative option for patients. Despite these major milestones in the field of immuno-oncology, growing experience with CAR-T cells has also highlighted several limitations of this strategy. The production process of CAR-T cells is complex, time-consuming, and costly, thus leading to poor drug accessibility. The potential carcinogenic risk of viral transfection systems remains a matter of controversy. Treatment-related side effects, such as cytokine release syndrome, can be life-threatening. And the biggest challenge is the inadequate efficacy related to poor infiltration and retention of CAR-T cells in tumor tissues and impaired T cell activation caused by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Innovative strategies are urgently needed to address these problems, and nanomedicine offers good solutions to these challenges. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in the application of nanomaterials to enhance CAR-T cell therapy. We examine the role of innovative nanoparticle-based delivery systems in the production of CAR-T cells, with a particular focus on polymeric delivery systems and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Furthermore, we explore various strategies for delivering immune stimulators, which significantly enhance the efficacy of CAR-T cells by modulating T cell viability and functionality or by reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME. In addition, we discuss several novel therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating the adverse effects associated with CAR-T therapies. Finally, we offer an integrated perspective on the future challenges and opportunities facing CAR-T therapies.
Humans ; Nanomedicine/methods* ; Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism* ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods* ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Animals

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) expresses abundant glycolytic enzymes and displays comprehensive glucose metabolism reprogramming. Aldolase A (ALDOA) plays a prominent role in glycolysis; however, little is known about its role in HCC development. In the present study, we aim to explore how ALDOA is involved in HCC proliferation. HCC proliferation was markedly suppressed both in vitro and in vivo following ALDOA knockout, which is consistent with ALDOA overexpression encouraging HCC proliferation. Mechanistically, ALDOA knockout partially limits the glycolytic flux in HCC cells. Meanwhile, ALDOA translocated to nuclei and directly interacted with c-Jun to facilitate its Thr93 phosphorylation by P21-activated protein kinase; ALDOA knockout markedly diminished c-Jun Thr93 phosphorylation and then dampened c-Jun transcription function. A crucial site Y364 mutation in ALDOA disrupted its interaction with c-Jun, and Y364S ALDOA expression failed to rescue cell proliferation in ALDOA deletion cells. In HCC patients, the expression level of ALDOA was correlated with the phosphorylation level of c-Jun (Thr93) and poor prognosis. Remarkably, hepatic ALDOA was significantly upregulated in the promotion and progression stages of diethylnitrosamine-induced HCC models, and the knockdown of A ldoa strikingly decreased HCC development in vivo. Our study demonstrated that ALDOA is a vital driver for HCC development by activating c-Jun-mediated oncogene transcription, opening additional avenues for anti-cancer therapies.

Objective:To investigate the clinical practicability of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titrated by lung stretch index (SI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods:A parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted. Patients with moderate to severe ARDS who required mechanical ventilation admitted to the department of critical care medicine of General Hospital of the Yangtze River Shipping from August 2022 to February 2023 were enrolled. They were randomly divide into SI guided PEEP titration group (SI group) and pressure-volume curve (P-V curve) inspiratory low inflection point (LIP) guided PEEP titration group (LIP group). All patients were ventilated in a supine position after admission, with the head of the bed raised by 30°. The primary disease was actively treated, prone position ventilation for 12 h/d, and lung protective ventilation strategies such as controlled lung expansion were used for lung recruitment. On this basis, mechanical ventilation parameters were titrated with SI in the SI group; the LIP group titrated mechanical ventilation parameters with P-V curve inspiratory LIP+2 cmH 2O (1 cmH 2O ≈ 0.098 kPa). The oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2), and respiratory mechanics indicators such as lung dynamic compliance (Cdyn), peak airway pressure (Pip) were monitored before recruitment maneuver and after 1, 3, and 5 days of treatment. The therapeutic effect of the two groups was compared. Results:There were 41 patients in the SI group and 40 patients in the LIP group. There was no significant difference in general information such as gender, age, and disease type between the two groups. The mechanical ventilation time and the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay in the SI group were significantly shorter than those in the LIP group (days: 9.47±3.36 vs. 14.68±5.52, 22.27±4.68 vs. 27.57±9.52, both P < 0.05). Although the 28-day mortality of the SI group was lower than that of the LIP group, the difference was not statistically significant [19.5% (8/41) vs. 35.0% (14/40), P > 0.05]. On the fifth day, the PaO 2/FiO 2 was higher in SI group [mmHg (1 mmHg≈0.133 kPa): 225.57±47.85 vs. 198.32±31.59, P < 0.05], the Cdyn was higher in SI group (mL/cmH 2O: 47.39±6.71 vs. 35.88±5.35, P < 0.01), the Pip was lower in SI group (mmHg: 35.85±5.77 vs. 43.87±6.68, P < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed no statistically significant difference in the 28 days cumulative survival rate between the two groups (Log-Rank: χ2 = 2.348, P = 0.125). Conclusion:The application of SI titration with PEEP in the treatment of ARDS patients may improve their prognosis.

Multiple thrombosis in the coronary arteries need to be characterized by a thorough determination of the source of the thrombus to distinguish them as thrombosis or coronary embolism.This case was a 38-year-old male patient with chest pain and an electrocardiogram showing acute inferior wall and right ventricular myocardial infarction.Emergency coronary angiography showed thrombosis in the proximal middle of the left anterior descending artery,the opening of the first diagonal artery,and the middle of the right coronary artery,but no obvious stenosis was seen.Postoperative electrocardiogram showed acute inferior wall,right ventricular and anterior wall myocardial infarction,and intensive antithrombotic treatment was applied,elective re-examination of coronary angiography and intraluminal imaging showed mixed plaques and suspicious intimal dissection,indicating the possibility of thrombosis secondary to unstable plaque and coronary dissection,and intensive drug treatment was given.After discharge,the patient was stable during the regular follow-up visits.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of 1 565 nm non-ablative fractional laser combined with topical minoxidil and oral finasteride in the treatment of patients with androgenetic alopecia(AGA).Methods Seventy-five male AGA patients with Norwood-Hamilton classification grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ,were randomly assigned into three groups:the control group 1,the control group 2 and the experimental group,with 25 cases in each group.Patients in the control group 1 received topical 5%minoxidil(1 mL,twice daily).Patients in the control group 2 were treated with both topical 5%minoxidil and oral finasteride(1 mg,once daily).Patients in the experimental group received a combined therapy of 1 565 nm non-ablative fractional laser in addition to topical 5%minoxidil and oral finasteride.Hair overall efficacy was evaluated using a 7-point rating scale after 24 weeks of treatment.Hair diameter and density were measured using a dermoscope.Patient satisfaction was assessed post-treatment,and adverse reactions were recorded.Results The overall efficacy of hair in the experimental group was superior to the control group 1 and the control group 2.There were no significant differences in hair density and hair diameter before treatment between the three groups(P＞0.05).After treatment,hair diameter and density increased in all three groups compared to baseline values(P＜0.05),and the hair diameter and hair density of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group 1 and the control group 2(P＜0.05).Patient satisfaction in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group 1 and the control group 2(P＜0.05).Patients in the experimental group experienced tolerable pain and burning sensations during laser treatment,and the symptoms were self-alleviated within a few hours.There were no serious adverse reactions reported in any group.Conclusion The combination therapy of 1 565 nm non-ablative fractional laser,5%minoxidil,and finasteride demonstrates significantly better efficacy in the treatment of AGA than minoxidil and finasteride alone drug therapy.

Objective To discuss the effect of multidisciplinary family empowerment mode in home care for patients after receiving percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG).Methods A total of 86 patients,who received initial PEG at the Jilin Provincial Cancer Hospital of China from January 2021 to July 2023,were selected for this study.The patients were randomly divided into observation group.The patients of the control group received routine nursing guidance for gastrostomy,while the patients of the observation group received multidisciplinary family empowerment nursing mode.The self-care ability[using self-care ability scale of the elderly(SASE)score],health behavior ability[using self-rating scale of health behavior ability(SRAHP)score],incidence of complications,and healing time of complications were compared between the two groups.Results In the observation group the SASE[(129.48±5.48)points vs.(73.05±12.04)points]and the SRAHP[(80.14±1.00)points vs.(70.25±7.92)points]were significantly higher than those in the control group(all P＜0.05),the incidence of complications was lower than that in the control group,and the healing time of complications was shorter than that in the control group.Conclusion The implementation of multidisciplinary family empowerment nursing mode can improve the self-care ability and health behavior ability of patients after receiving PEG,reduce postoperative complications,as well as shorten the healing time of complications,therefore,this nursing mode is suitable for home patients after receiving PEG.

Cannabis is a traditional industrial crop that has been used for thousands of years for medicines， foods， and textiles. Due to its active components， cannabis has attracted extensive attention in the pharmaceutical industry at home and abroad. Currently， 55 countries around the world have legalized medical marijuana， and two provinces in China， Yunnan and Heilongjiang， can legally cultivate and process industrial hemp. However， the low content of cannabidiol （CBD） in industrial hemp is not conducive to subsequent development and research. Based on this， the author took medicinal cannabis， defined by CHEN Shilin′s team as tetrahydrocannabinol （THC） content<0.3% and high CBD content， as the research object， and reviewed four aspects of the active ingredients of medicinal cannabis， the isolation and purification technology of CBD， the development and application of cannabinoid-related products and the breeding methods of medicinal cannabis. Through combing， it is suggested that subsequent research should focus on excavation of genes of CBD synthesis， molecular breeding of evolutionary cannabis by gene editing technology， development of green extraction process， discovery of more active ingredients， and high yield of CBD through synthetic biology and cell-free system， with a view to provide reference for the development and application of medicinal cannabis in China.