Objective: To investigate the factors influencing the co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia, so as to provide a data foundation and theoretical basis for developing targeted intervention measures. Methods: In September and October 2024, a stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 139 102 students from 539 schools across 12 leagues/cities and 103 banners/counties in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Participants who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis by a doctor at least once within one year and had a body mass index ≥ 28 kg/m 2 were considered to have comorbid conditions. Results: The coprevalence rate of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia was 6.4% (8 931 cases). Lasso-Logistic regression revealed that nonboarding status, higher maternal education, consuming high protein foods ≥1 time daily, occasionally or never eating breakfast, engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity for ≥60 minutes on fewer than half of holidays, and having been exposed to second hand smoke in person within the past seven days were associated with higher odds ratios for co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity( OR = 1.23 , 1.22-1.63, 1.20, 1.19, 1.38, 1.35); being female, higher grade level, residence in flag/county/district areas, non only child status, never having consumed a full glass of alcohol, non hypertensive status, and households without pets were associated with lower co-prevalence risks ( OR =0.65, 0.67-0.77, 0.81, 0.87, 0.73, 0.41, 0.68) (all P <0.05). The ROC curve indicated an area under the curve of 0.64 for the predictive model, demonstrating satisfactory discriminatory ability. The calibration curve showed consistency between predicted and actual occurrence probabilities. Conclusions The co-prevalence of allergic rhinitis and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia is closely associated with demographic characteristics, dietary behaviours, and lifestyle habits. Future prevention and control strategies should prioritize these factors to implement targeted interventions.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI features of giant cell reparative granuloma(GCRG)in lateral skull base.Methods The CT,MRI and clinicopathological data of 8 patients with GCRG in lateral skull base were collected and analyzed.Results All of the eight lesions were unilateral and solitary(three on the left side and five on the right side),with widespread involvement affecting two or more bony structures of the lateral skull base.All lesions showed expansile and lytic bone destruction on CT scans,the margins were clear(7/8),and the sclerotic changes could be seen at the margin of all eight lesions.On MRI,the lesions revealed heterogeneous isointense and hypointense on T1WI,and heterogeneous hypointense with focal cystic changes on T2WI,without fluid-fluid levels.The enhanced scan showed heterogeneous enhancement.Seven cases extended to the middle cranial fossa,caused com-pression of the temporal lobe brain tissue,with thickened and strengthened adjacent meninges.Conclusion The GCRG in lateral skull base has certain characteristic appearances on CT and MRI;understanding these characteristic manifestations can provide a basis for accurate diagnosis.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence trends of different types of elevated blood pressure and their association with nutritional status among primary and secondary school students in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2024, providing references for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: From September 2019 to 2024, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 12 primary and secondary schools from each league city in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 177 108, 137 758, 190 182, 180 084 , 188 056, 180 351 primary and secondary school students (excluding grades one to three of primary school) were included for physical examination. The correlation between their nutritional status and high blood pressure was analyzed based on the basic situation of 129 821 primary and secondary school students who completed a questionnaire survey at the same time in 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted using a Chi-square test and multiple Logistic regression model. Results: From 2019 to 2024, the detection rates of elevated blood pressure were 13.60%, 13.68%, 17.60%, 17.24%, 14.77% and 15.96%, respectively. The rates for isolated systolic hypertension were 4.24%, 5.83%, 7.26%, 7.19%, 6.24% and 6.93%; isolated diastolic hypertension rates were 6.38%, 4.99%, 6.23 %, 6.41%, 5.39% and 5.66%; and combined systolic and diastolic hypertension rates were 2.97%, 2.86%, 4.11%, 3.65%, 3.14 % and 3.36%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that girls, junior high school, senior high school, overweight, and obesity were positively associated with elevated blood pressure risk ( OR =1.27, 1.25, 1.32, 1.66, 3.07, all P <0.05); conversely, county residence, Mongolian ethnicity, and other ethnicities showed negative associations ( OR =0.90, 0.93, 0.90, all P <0.05). Conclusions Overweight and obesity among children and adolescents are closely related to various types of elevated blood pressure. Prevention strategies should prioritize effectively controlling weight issues among children and adolescents, thereby effectively reducing the incidence of elevated blood pressure.

Objectives:To describe the use of antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs, and evaluate the effects on blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids controls required by Chinese Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (the guideline) in a community-based cohort of individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. To analyze the association of the uses of antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs, and the comprehensive control of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids with cardiovascular disease. Methods:From the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY), those who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease and aged 40-75 years as of January 1, 2013 in in Yinzhou District of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province were selected as study subjects. The information about their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and lipid-lowering drug uses between 2013 and 2015 was collected, and blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid measurements were conducted during the follow-up. The study constructed two kinds of comprehensive scores: the comprehensive medication score based on the guideline requirement for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, dividing the study participants into the compliancy group and non-compliancy group; and the comprehensive control score based on the guideline requirement for blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids control, dividing the study participants into better control group, moderate control group, and poor control group. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association of the comprehensive medication score and comprehensive control score with cardiovascular disease. The incidence data of cardiovascular disease were collected from January 1, 2015 (baseline time) to August 31, 2020 (follow up end time).Results:A total of 79 734 participants at high risk for cardiovascular disease were included in the study, in whom 68.4%, 27.4%, and 4.2% had 1, 2, or 3 cardiometabolic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia), respectively. In the participants with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia from 2013 to 2015, the proportions of those who had two years of medication compliancy records were 66.0%, 67.4%, and 13.9%, respectively. In the hypertension patients, 59.2% had better blood pressure control, in the diabetes patients, 28.7% had better blood glucose control, and in the patients with hyperlipidemia, 27.4% had better blood lipid control. After a median follow-up of 5.66 years, 4 088 cardiovascular disease cases or deaths occurred. After multivariate adjustment, compared with the non-compliancy group, the compliancy group had lower risk for cardiovascular disease ( HR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96). Compared with the better control group, the poor control group had an increased risk for cardiovascular disease ( HR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.53-1.81). In the moderate control group, the risk increased significantly in the diabetes patients ( HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.07-1.56), while no additional risk for cardiovascular disease was observed in non-diabetes patients ( HR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.97-1.16). Conclusions:Compliancy to the medication required by the guideline is associated with lower risk for cardiovascular disease. However, it is still necessary to improve the medication compliancy in people at high risk in primary prevention, especially in the patients with hyperlipidemia, due to their low taking rate of lipid-lowering drugs. Additionally, as the requirement of the guideline becomes more stringent, the management of disease has met more challenges. Notably, diabetes patients who have not met the guideline requirement are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, to whom the disease management should be strengthened.

Objectives:To describe the use of antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs, and evaluate the effects on blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids controls required by Chinese Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases (the guideline) in a community-based cohort of individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. To analyze the association of the uses of antihypertensive, antidiabetic and lipid-lowering drugs, and the comprehensive control of blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipids with cardiovascular disease. Methods:From the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY), those who were at high risk for cardiovascular disease and aged 40-75 years as of January 1, 2013 in in Yinzhou District of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province were selected as study subjects. The information about their antihypertensive, antidiabetic, and lipid-lowering drug uses between 2013 and 2015 was collected, and blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipid measurements were conducted during the follow-up. The study constructed two kinds of comprehensive scores: the comprehensive medication score based on the guideline requirement for the treatment of hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, dividing the study participants into the compliancy group and non-compliancy group; and the comprehensive control score based on the guideline requirement for blood pressure, blood glucose, and blood lipids control, dividing the study participants into better control group, moderate control group, and poor control group. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the association of the comprehensive medication score and comprehensive control score with cardiovascular disease. The incidence data of cardiovascular disease were collected from January 1, 2015 (baseline time) to August 31, 2020 (follow up end time).Results:A total of 79 734 participants at high risk for cardiovascular disease were included in the study, in whom 68.4%, 27.4%, and 4.2% had 1, 2, or 3 cardiometabolic conditions (hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia), respectively. In the participants with hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia from 2013 to 2015, the proportions of those who had two years of medication compliancy records were 66.0%, 67.4%, and 13.9%, respectively. In the hypertension patients, 59.2% had better blood pressure control, in the diabetes patients, 28.7% had better blood glucose control, and in the patients with hyperlipidemia, 27.4% had better blood lipid control. After a median follow-up of 5.66 years, 4 088 cardiovascular disease cases or deaths occurred. After multivariate adjustment, compared with the non-compliancy group, the compliancy group had lower risk for cardiovascular disease ( HR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85-0.96). Compared with the better control group, the poor control group had an increased risk for cardiovascular disease ( HR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.53-1.81). In the moderate control group, the risk increased significantly in the diabetes patients ( HR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.07-1.56), while no additional risk for cardiovascular disease was observed in non-diabetes patients ( HR=1.06, 95% CI: 0.97-1.16). Conclusions:Compliancy to the medication required by the guideline is associated with lower risk for cardiovascular disease. However, it is still necessary to improve the medication compliancy in people at high risk in primary prevention, especially in the patients with hyperlipidemia, due to their low taking rate of lipid-lowering drugs. Additionally, as the requirement of the guideline becomes more stringent, the management of disease has met more challenges. Notably, diabetes patients who have not met the guideline requirement are at high risk for cardiovascular disease, to whom the disease management should be strengthened.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI features of giant cell reparative granuloma(GCRG)in lateral skull base.Methods The CT,MRI and clinicopathological data of 8 patients with GCRG in lateral skull base were collected and analyzed.Results All of the eight lesions were unilateral and solitary(three on the left side and five on the right side),with widespread involvement affecting two or more bony structures of the lateral skull base.All lesions showed expansile and lytic bone destruction on CT scans,the margins were clear(7/8),and the sclerotic changes could be seen at the margin of all eight lesions.On MRI,the lesions revealed heterogeneous isointense and hypointense on T1WI,and heterogeneous hypointense with focal cystic changes on T2WI,without fluid-fluid levels.The enhanced scan showed heterogeneous enhancement.Seven cases extended to the middle cranial fossa,caused com-pression of the temporal lobe brain tissue,with thickened and strengthened adjacent meninges.Conclusion The GCRG in lateral skull base has certain characteristic appearances on CT and MRI;understanding these characteristic manifestations can provide a basis for accurate diagnosis.

Objective To establish ecological suitability zone of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl in Shanxi Province;To study the quality regionalization of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl from different producing areas in Shanxi Province;To provide reference for reasonable planting and wild tending of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl.Methods Maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model and ArcGIS software were used to study the ecological suitability of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl in Shanxi Province;By screening the main environmental factors and combining them with the content of forsythoside and forsythoside A in Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl of different regions,a quality zoning of Forsythia suspensa Thunb.Vahl medicinal materials in Shanxi Province based on forsythoside,forsythoside A and environmental factors was constructed.Results The ecological suitable areas of Forsythia suspensa Thunb.Vahl in Shanxi Province were mainly distributed in the southern part of Shanxi Province,mainly in Linfen,Yuncheng,Changzhi,and Jincheng.The general contents of forsythoside and forsythoside A in the Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl medicinal material were gradually reduced from southern part to northern part of Shanxi Province.The comprehensive quality was high in southern part of Shanxi Province,mainly in Linfen,Changzhi,Yuncheng and Jincheng.Conclusion The results of this study are consistent with the actual survey.The southern part of Shanxi province is a suitable planting area for high quality Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl,which provides a reference for the standardized planting and wild tending of Forsythia suspensa(Thunb.)Vahl.

Objective To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of Notoginsenoside R1 on hypobaric hypoxia-induced high-altitude pulmonary edema based on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)signaling pathway.Methods Forty-two 6-week-old male SD rats were acclimatized and fed for one week,and then randomized into the Control group,negative control group(NGR1,100 mg·kg-1),model group(HH),Notoginsenoside R1 low dose group(NGR1-low,50 mg·kg-1),Notoginsenoside R1 high dose group(NGR1-high,100 mg·kg-1),and dexamethasone group(Dex,4 mg·kg-1),with seven rats in each group.After the drug administration group was administered with Notoginsenoside R1 or dexamethasone by intraperitoneal injection,the hypobaric hypoxia simulation chamber was used to simulate the plateau environment for modeling.Detect the total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and measure the lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D);ELISA to measure inflammation levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β in BALF;hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to visualize pathomorphologic changes in the lungs of each group;biochemical kit detect the content and activity of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and reduced glutathione(GSH)in the lung tissues;Western blot to detect the protein expression of Nrf2,HO-1,GPX4,SLC7A11 and NOX1 in lung tissues.Results Compared with the Control group,the total protein concentration in the BALF of rats in the HH group was markedly increased(P<0.01),and the lung W/D was markedly increased(P<0.01);lung histopathology showed obvious thickening of the alveolar wall,interstitial edema,hemorrhage and massive inflammatory exudation in the alveolar lumen,alveolar septa,and interstitium of the lungs;the levels of TNF-α(P<0.001),IL-6(P<0.01),and IL-1β(P<0.0001)in the BALF were significantly elevated;ROS content was significantly increased(P<0.01),and SOD(P<0.01)and GSH(P<0.01)activities were significantly decreased in lung tissues;the expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus of lung was markedly decreased(P<0.001),and that in the cytoplasm of lung was markedly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of HO-1(P<0.01),GPX4(P<0.01),and SLC7A11(P<0.05)was significantly decreased,and that of NOX1 was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the HH group,the total protein concentration in the BALF of rats in each drug intervention group was significantly reduced,and the lung W/D was significantly reduced;the lung histopathology was significantly improved;the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β in the BALF were significantly decreased;the content of ROS in the lung tissues was significantly reduced,and the activities of SOD and GSH were significantly elevated;the expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus of lung was markedly increased,the expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm of lung was markedly decreased,the expression of HO-1,GPX4,SLC7A11 was markedly increased,and the expression of NOX1 was markedly decreased.Conclusion Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits hypobaric hypoxia-induced ferroptosis and attenuates pulmonary edema,lung inflammation and oxidative stress by a mechanism that may be related to the regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of Notoginsenoside R1 on hypobaric hypoxia-induced high-altitude pulmonary edema based on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1(HO-1)/glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)signaling pathway.Methods Forty-two 6-week-old male SD rats were acclimatized and fed for one week,and then randomized into the Control group,negative control group(NGR1,100 mg·kg-1),model group(HH),Notoginsenoside R1 low dose group(NGR1-low,50 mg·kg-1),Notoginsenoside R1 high dose group(NGR1-high,100 mg·kg-1),and dexamethasone group(Dex,4 mg·kg-1),with seven rats in each group.After the drug administration group was administered with Notoginsenoside R1 or dexamethasone by intraperitoneal injection,the hypobaric hypoxia simulation chamber was used to simulate the plateau environment for modeling.Detect the total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF)and measure the lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D);ELISA to measure inflammation levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β in BALF;hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining to visualize pathomorphologic changes in the lungs of each group;biochemical kit detect the content and activity of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and reduced glutathione(GSH)in the lung tissues;Western blot to detect the protein expression of Nrf2,HO-1,GPX4,SLC7A11 and NOX1 in lung tissues.Results Compared with the Control group,the total protein concentration in the BALF of rats in the HH group was markedly increased(P<0.01),and the lung W/D was markedly increased(P<0.01);lung histopathology showed obvious thickening of the alveolar wall,interstitial edema,hemorrhage and massive inflammatory exudation in the alveolar lumen,alveolar septa,and interstitium of the lungs;the levels of TNF-α(P<0.001),IL-6(P<0.01),and IL-1β(P<0.0001)in the BALF were significantly elevated;ROS content was significantly increased(P<0.01),and SOD(P<0.01)and GSH(P<0.01)activities were significantly decreased in lung tissues;the expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus of lung was markedly decreased(P<0.001),and that in the cytoplasm of lung was markedly increased(P<0.05),and the expression of HO-1(P<0.01),GPX4(P<0.01),and SLC7A11(P<0.05)was significantly decreased,and that of NOX1 was significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the HH group,the total protein concentration in the BALF of rats in each drug intervention group was significantly reduced,and the lung W/D was significantly reduced;the lung histopathology was significantly improved;the levels of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β in the BALF were significantly decreased;the content of ROS in the lung tissues was significantly reduced,and the activities of SOD and GSH were significantly elevated;the expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus of lung was markedly increased,the expression of Nrf2 in the cytoplasm of lung was markedly decreased,the expression of HO-1,GPX4,SLC7A11 was markedly increased,and the expression of NOX1 was markedly decreased.Conclusion Notoginsenoside R1 inhibits hypobaric hypoxia-induced ferroptosis and attenuates pulmonary edema,lung inflammation and oxidative stress by a mechanism that may be related to the regulation of the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 pathway.

Objective To observe the effect of CIP4(Cdc42 interacting protein 4)on human renal tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT)induced by transforming growth factor β1(TGF-β1)and to study the associated mechanism. Methods Human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cell line) were cultured with TGF-β1 (10μg/L) for 72 hours. The protein expressions of E-cadherin and α-SMA were measured by Western blotting. One set of siRNA oligos specific for CIP4 and CIP4 construction of the entire coding sequence were designed based on the full CIP4 sequence in GenBank. Then HK-2 cells were transfected with CIP4-siRNA or pcDNA3.1-hCIP4 via lipofactamine 2000. The protein expressions of CIP4, E-cadherin and α-SMA were evaluated respectively in control cells, TGF-β1 treated cells, siRNA transfected cells, pcDNA3.1-hCIP4-transfected cells by Western blotting. The distribution of E-cadherin and α-SMA was observed by confocal microscope. After TGF-β1-treated HK-2 cells were interferenced with specific inhibitor of PI3K-Akt (wortmannin) 1μmol/L for 48 hours, Western blotting was used to detect the CIP4 protein in control cells and interferenced cells. Results With TGF-β1 stimulation, the expression of E-cadherin protein was decreased markedly (P＜0.05), and in contract, the expression of α-SMA were increased notably (P＜0.05), which revealed that TGF-β1 could induce EMT. After transfected with CIP4-siRNA, the protein expression of E-cadherin was increased (P＜0.05), and the protein expression of α-SMA was decreased (P＜0.05). The EMT induced by TGF-β1 was effectively reversed. After transfected with pcDNA3.1-hCIP4, the expression of E-cadherin protein was down-regnlated (P＜0.05), and the expression of α-SMA protein was up-regulated compared with control group (P＜0.05), leading to EMT. After HK-2 cells were interferenced with wortmannin for 48 hours, the expression of CIP4 was decreased (P＜0.05). Conclusion TGF-β1 upregulates the expression of CIP4 via PI3K-Akt pathway, and CIP4 may participate in EMT induced by TGF-β1.