Increasing evidence shows that the early lesions of Parkinson's disease (PD) originate from gut, and correction of microbiota dysbiosis is a promising therapy for PD. FLZ is a neuroprotective agent on PD, which has been validated capable of alleviating microbiota dysbiosis in PD mice. However, the detailed mechanisms still need elucidated. Through metabolomics and 16S rRNA analysis, we identified glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) was the most affected differential microbial metabolite by FLZ treatment, which was specially and negatively regulated by Clostridium innocuum, a differential microbiota with the strongest correlation to GUDCA production, through inhibiting bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzyme. The protection of GUDCA on colon and brain were also clarified in PD models, showing that it could activate Nrf2 pathway, further validating that FLZ protected dopaminergic neurons through promoting GUDCA production. Our study uncovered that FLZ improved PD through microbiota-gut-brain axis, and also gave insights into modulation of microbial metabolites may serve as an important strategy for treating PD.

Although enteric glial cell (EGC) abnormal activation is reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and inhibition of EGC gliosis alleviated gut and dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction was verified in our previous study, the potential role of gut microbiota on EGC function in PD still need to be addressed. In the present study, fecal microbiota transplantation revealed that EGC function was regulated by gut microbiota. By employing 16S rRNA and metabolomic analysis, we identified that 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA) was the most affected differential microbial metabolite that regulated EGC gliosis. The protective effects of IPA on PD were validated in rotenone-stimulated EGCs and rotenone (30 mg/kg i.g. for 4 weeks)-induced PD mice, as indicated by decreased inflammation, improved intestinal and brain barrier as well as dopaminergic neuronal function. Mechanistic study showed that IPA targeted pregnane X receptor (PXR) in EGCs, and inhibition of IL-13Rα1 involved cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway, leading to inactivation of downstream JAK1-STAT6 pathway. Our data not only provided evidence that EGC gliosis was critical in spreading intestinal damage to brain, but also highlighted the potential role of microbial metabolite IPA in alleviating PD pathological damages through gut-brain axis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2025.02.029.].

Objective To analyze the changes in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters in patients with essential hypertension，and to explore the effect of blood pressure on OCTA parameters. Methods A total of 164 patients with essential hypertension were selected and divided into controlled blood pressure group (n=92) and uncontrolled blood pressure group (n=72). OCTA examination was performed on the optic disc and macula of all patients, and the right eyes were selected for analysis. Results There were no significant differences in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) total vascular density, RPC total small vessel density, perifovea superficial capillary plexus (SCP) vascular density, and perifovea deep capillary plexus (DCP) vascular density between the two groups of patients. There were no significant differences in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ diameter, and fovea retinal thickness between the two groups of patients. The density of the parafovea SCP, parafovea DCP, and fractal dimension (FD) in the uncontrolled blood pressure group were significantly lower than those in the controlled blood pressure group (P＜0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that elevation of blood pressure was a independently related factor of reduced parafovea DCP density (P＝0.026), while there was no correlation between the uncontrolled blood pressure and parafovea SCP density and FD level. Conclusions The blood pressure level is correlated with the parafovea DCP density, while has no correlation with other OCTA parameters in hypertension patients.

BackgroundSevere mental disorders are characterized by high recurrence rate， high disability rate， high rates of harmful incidents， and low treatment-seeking rate， with affected patients demonstrating increased frequencies of dangerous behaviors. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has implemented community management for patients with severe mental disorders across the region since 2004， while the current status and regional characteristics of the managed patients remain unclear. ObjectiveTo analyze the current status of management and treatment of patients with severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， and to explore their regional distribution characteristics， so as to provide references for optimizing regional prevention and control strategies. MethodsPatients with severe mental disorders diagnosed and registered in the Severe Mental Disorder Management Information Platform of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from August 1， 2011 to December 31， 2021 were selected. Patients' basic information， management indicators， and treatment metrics were extracted from the platform， followed by descriptive statistical analysis of the corresponding data. ResultsAs of December 31， 2021， the permanent resident population of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was 6 946 540， with 29 787 registered patients with severe mental disorders. The majority of the patients were female （50.25%）， aged 18-59 years （79.01%）， with educational level of junior high school or below （84.63%）， married （52.87%）， farmers （56.01%）， and diagnosed with schizophrenia （55.91%）， while ethnic minority patients accounted for a relatively high proportion （31.35%）. In 2021， the reported prevalence rate of severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was 0.43%， with standardized management and regular medication adherence rates at 90.39% and 66.34%， respectively. The standardized management rate in 8 counties/districts （36.36%） was lower than the average level of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region， while 10 counties/districts （45.45%） showed below-average medication adherence rates， of which 6 counties/districts（60.00%） were located in the south-central region. ConclusionPatients with severe mental disorders in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are predominantly young and middle-aged adults with low level of education， and those in the central-southern region demonstrate lower medication adherence. ［Funded by Key Research and Development Program Project of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region （number， 2023BEG02029）］

ObjectiveTo understand the prevalence of hookworm infection and its relevant behavioral factors in rural areas of Tiantai County， Zhejiang Province， and to provide scientific evidence for prevention and control of hookworm disease. MethodsBy using a stratified cluster random sampling strategy， local residents aged ≥3 years was divided into 5 districts according to geographical location； furthermore， those in one administrative village （surveillance site） were investigated in each district. Species of hookworm were identified by filter paper culture in vitro， and enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected by cellophane anal swab in children aged 3‒9 year. Risk factors were determined by questionnaire. ResultsA total of 1 013 residents were investigated in 5 surveillance sites. Thirty nine cases with hookworm infection were detected， with the total infection rate of 3.85% . All species detected were determined to be Necator americanus. The infection rate significantly differed across the towns （χ²=48.32， P<0.05）， with the highest rate in Nanping Town （10.95%） . It significantly differed by age groups （χ²=65.65， P<0.05）， with the highest rate in those aged >70 years （9.75%）. Furthermore， it decreased with educational background. It was significantly associated with fertilize with fresh manure （χ²=6.87， P<0.05） and barefoot labor （χ²=157.69， P<0.05）. ConclusionThe overall infection rate of hookworm in Tiantai County remains low. Dominant species of hookworm is hookworm Necator americanus. It is necessary to strengthen the advocacy of hookworm prevention and control knowledge， improve hygiene in work and life style， and increase self-protection awareness.

Objective:To investigate effect of acacetin on alveolar epithelial cell damage caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)infection by regulating sirtuin 1(Sirt1)-mediated 5'-AMP activated protein kinase(AMPK)/nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2(Nrf2)signaling pathway.Methods:Alveolar epithelial cells A549 cultured in vitro were infected with SP to establish a cell damage model.After treatment with acacetin at final concentrations of 0,5,25,50,100,150,200 μmol/L,CCK-8 was performed to detect cell viability of each treatment group and optimal concentration of acacetin was screened.A549 cells cultured in vitro were ran-domly separated into five groups:control group,model group,acacetin(150 μmol/L)group,EX527(Sirt1 inhibitor,40 μmol/L)group,acacetin(150 μmol/L)+EX527(40 μmol/L)group,control group was not treated,other groups were infected with SP to establish a cell damage model,and then treated with 150 μmol/L acacetin and 40 μmol/L EX527,CCK-8 and flow cytometry were performed to measure cell viability and apoptosis rate in each group;kits were performed to measure levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and IL-10,IL-1β,TNF-α levels of cells in each group;Western blot was performed to measure proliferation-related proteins Ki-67,proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),apoptosis-related proteins caspase-9,Bax,Sirt1 and AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway proteins p-AMPK/AMPK,Nrf2 expres-sions of cells in each group.Results:Model group had decreased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and increased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels than control group(P<0.05).Compared with model group and acacetin+EX527 group,acacetin group had increased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and decreased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels(P<0.05);EX527 group had decreased A549 cell viability,SOD and IL-10 levels,p-AMPK/AMPK,Sirt1,Nrf2,Ki-67 and PCNA protein expressions(P<0.05),and increased apoptosis rate,MDA,LDH,ROS,IL-1β and TNF-α levels(P<0.05).Conclusion:Acnestin can activate AMPK/Nrf2 signaling by up-regulating Sirt1 expression,thereby promoting secretion of anti-inflammatory factors,reducing production of ROS and pro-inflammatory factors,reducing inflammation and oxidative stress,and finally alleviating neuronal damage.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of nasal pedicle tissue flap based on nasal blood supply in the reconstruction of nasal skull base defects.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 138 clinical cases of skull base tumors and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea treated at the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from March 2017 to March 2023. A total of 79 males and 59 females were enrolled, aged from 8 to 82 years, with a median age of 51 years, including 108 patients (78.3%) with skull base tumors and 30 patients (21.7%) with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea (and/or meningoencephalocele). During the surgery, 88 cases (63.8%) were repaired with nasal septal mucosal flaps pedicled with the posterior nasal septal artery, 14 cases (10.1%) with mucosal flaps pedicled with the anterior ethmoidal artery on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, 6 cases (4.3%) with mucosal flaps pedicled with the posterior lateral nasal artery on the lateral wall and nasal floor, 12 cases (8.7%) with mucosal flaps pedicled with the anterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoidal artery, and 18 cases (13.0%) with nasal septal mucosal extension flaps pedicled with the sphenopalatine artery or internal maxillary artery. Patients were followed up for 12 to 72 months postoperatively. Endoscopic examination or skull base enhanced MRI was performed to assess the growth and tumor recurrence in the skull base repair area. The t-test was used for statistical analysis.Results:Among 138 patients, primary repair was successful in 133 patients (96.4%), while 5 patients (3.6%) experienced postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. These 5 patients all underwent nasal septal mucosal flap repair with the posterior nasal septal artery as the pedicle. Complications included 1 case of mucosal flap necrosis, 1 case of mucosal flap central perforation, and 3 cases of mucosal flap survival peripheral leakage, of which were all successfully treated with a second repair.Conclusion:The use of nasal pedicle mucosal flap based on nasal blood supply is a reliable, safe, and effective technique for repairing skull base defects.

【Objective】 To investigate the demographic characteristics and factors affecting the willingness to donate blood among potential donors in China, so as to improve the recruitment efficiency for blood donors. 【Methods】 Non-blood donors aged 18-55 were investigated by online questionnaire to collect data in terms of sociodemographic characteristics (10 items), blood donation related behaviors (9 items), blood donation willingness and factors affecting their willingness (5 items) from October to December 2022. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate their demographic characteristics, and linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors influencing their donation willingness. 【Results】 Logistic regression analysis was conducted with potential blood donors as dependent variable, revealed that individuals who were not only-child 59.6%(334/560) vs 45.4%(98/216), had friends received blood transfusion 63.8%(238/373) vs 48.3%(194/402), had relatives with blood donation experience 63.0%(194/308) vs 51.0%(238/467), and received blood donation information from relatives or friends 64.4%(152/236) vs 51.9%(280/539) were more likely to be potential donors(P<0.05). Linear regression analysis was employed with willingness to donate blood as the dependent variable, which indicated that incentive motivation had no significant impact on willingness to donate blood (P>0.05). While subjective norms, convenience of blood donation and personal empathy had positive effects on willingness to donate blood, the regression coefficients were all greater than 0, which were 0.58, 0.14 and 0.34 (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 To establish a wider blood donor community in China, recruitment strategies should be tailored to specific potential donor groups, and efforts should be made to strengthen promotion through relatives and friends, reinforce subjective norms, and provide more flexible options for blood donation time and location selection. In addition, incentive measures should be carefully selected to encourage blood donation.

Public health emergencies not only bring great challenges to the conventional public health system, but also face some ethical dilemmas in the governance process. For example, the compulsory isolation measures affect the normal lives of some citizens, the normal medical treatment of non-epidemic patients may be constrained by complex governance environments, and the relationship between patient privacy protection and the public’s right to know needs to be deeply considered and balanced. To respond the ethical dilemmas in public health emergencies, it is necessary to explore more effective new ideas and methods under ethical concepts, combine with ethical needs in the governance of public health emergencies, comprehensively improve governance capabilities starting from the basic principles and behavioral standards of governance, with a view to providing more effective ethical support for the governance of public health emergencies.