To study the microbiological contamination of endoscopic forceps channel at the time of reception and after disinfection, and gain a preliminary understanding of their real disinfection quality, then analyse the problems and make recommendations. A total of 115 endoscopes received at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2022 to December 2023 were chosen. Microbiological sampling and strain identification of the endoscopic forceps channel were carried out at the time of reception of the endoscopes and after cleaning and disinfection, respectively, then the qualified disinfection rate and microbial detection rate were compared. The overall qualified disinfection rate after cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes received (91.3%, 105/115) was higher than that at reception (57.4%, 66/115, χ 2=37.026, P<0.001). The overall microbiological detection after cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes received (13.0%, 15/115) was lower than that at reception (48.7%, 56/115, χ 2=41.000, P<0.001), the detection rate of high pathogenic organisms after cleaning and disinfection (7.0%, 8/115) was lower than that at reception (29.6%, 34/115, χ 2=24.039, P<0.001), low pathogenic organisms after cleaning and disinfection (6.1%, 7/115) was lower than that at reception (19.1%, 22/115, χ 2=13.067, P<0.001). At the time of reception, the qualified disinfection rate was low and the microbiological detection rate was high, and there may become a greater risk of cross-infection; after cleaning and disinfection, the qualified disinfection rate was increased and the microbiological detection rate was decreased, which may greatly reduce the risk of patient infection. Therefore, it is recommended that attention should be paid to the disinfection quality monitoring of endoscopes received before putting into clinical use.

Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in the global population, Its pathological mechanism is complex and related to multiple risk factors. Zinc, as a key trace element, plays a dual role in maintaining neurological function and ischemic brain injury. It not only mediates toxic damage but also promotes neuroprotection. This article explores the role of zinc in the pathogenesis of stroke, summarizes the therapeutic potential of zinc chelators and related intervention strategies, and analyzes its value in stroke prevention. Future research should focus on zinc metabolism mechanisms and clinical translation to improve stroke outcome.

To study the microbiological contamination of endoscopic forceps channel at the time of reception and after disinfection, and gain a preliminary understanding of their real disinfection quality, then analyse the problems and make recommendations. A total of 115 endoscopes received at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from June 2022 to December 2023 were chosen. Microbiological sampling and strain identification of the endoscopic forceps channel were carried out at the time of reception of the endoscopes and after cleaning and disinfection, respectively, then the qualified disinfection rate and microbial detection rate were compared. The overall qualified disinfection rate after cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes received (91.3%, 105/115) was higher than that at reception (57.4%, 66/115, χ 2=37.026, P<0.001). The overall microbiological detection after cleaning and disinfection of endoscopes received (13.0%, 15/115) was lower than that at reception (48.7%, 56/115, χ 2=41.000, P<0.001), the detection rate of high pathogenic organisms after cleaning and disinfection (7.0%, 8/115) was lower than that at reception (29.6%, 34/115, χ 2=24.039, P<0.001), low pathogenic organisms after cleaning and disinfection (6.1%, 7/115) was lower than that at reception (19.1%, 22/115, χ 2=13.067, P<0.001). At the time of reception, the qualified disinfection rate was low and the microbiological detection rate was high, and there may become a greater risk of cross-infection; after cleaning and disinfection, the qualified disinfection rate was increased and the microbiological detection rate was decreased, which may greatly reduce the risk of patient infection. Therefore, it is recommended that attention should be paid to the disinfection quality monitoring of endoscopes received before putting into clinical use.

Innate immunity is the front line of the antiviral immune response and the bridge to a-daptive immunity.Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)has evolved mul-tiple strategies to evade the host's innate immunity and thus establish persistent infections,which is one of the biggest obstacles to control PRRSV infection.In antiviral innate immunity,type Ⅰ in-terferons,interferon-stimulated genes(ISGs),and other antiviral proteins are the main perform-ers,cellular autophagy and programmed cell death are important components,noncoding RNAs are key regulators.Studies on evasion mechanisms of innate immune by PRRSV have emerged in re-cent years,greatly expanding our understandings of the PRRSV-host interaction network.In this paper,we outline the latest researches on PRRSV inhibition of type Ⅰ interferon production and its signaling transduction as well as antagonism of ISGs and other antiviral proteins,and focus on summarizing the researches on PRRSV evade the innate immunity through the modulation of cel-lular autophagy,programmed cell death,and non-coding RNAs,with a view to providing ideas for subsequent research and anti-PRRSV vaccine and drug development.

This article explores the shortcomings and proposes research directions from the overview of mobile medicine and its application in the prevention, self-management, and health education of female stress urinary incontinence, with a view to providing new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies to 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in 2019-nCoV infection. Method: This is a retrospective study. Serum samples were collected from 284 patients including outpatients and inpatients in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 20, 2020 to February 17, 2020. Among them 205 cases were 2019-nCoV infected patients, including 186 cases confirmed with nucleic acid test and 19 cases diagnosed by clinical symptoms and CT characteristics according to "the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Control Protocol (5th edition)" . A total of 79 subjects with other diseases but negative to 2019-nCoV infection were recruited as control group. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were measured with fully automated immunoassay technology for all subjects. Statistical significance between 2019-nCoV antibodies test and 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was determined using the χ² tests. Result: The sensitivity of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were 70.24%(144/205) and 96.10%(197/205) respectively and the specificity were 96.20%(76/79) and 92.41%(73/79) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV antibodies were 95.63%(197/206) and 91.03% (71/78) respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were 100%(186/186) and 80.61%(79/98) respectively. The total coincidence rate of diagnosing 2019-nCoV infection between antibody tests and nucleic acid test for 2019-nCoV were 88.03%(250/284). Conclusion Joint detection of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV is an effective screening and diagnostic indicators for 2019-nCoV infection, and an effective complement to the false negative results to nucleic acid test.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies to 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in 2019-nCoV infection.Methods:This is a retrospective study. Serum samples were collected from 284 patients including outpatients and inpatients in the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 20 to February 17 in 2020. Among them 205 cases were 2019-nCoV infected patients, including 186 cases confirmed with nucleic acid test and 19 cases diagnosed by clinical symptoms and CT characteristics according to "the New Coronavirus Pneumonia Control Protocol (5th edition)" . A total of 79 subjects with other diseases but negative to 2019-nCoV infection were recruited as control group. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were measured with fully automated immunoassay technology for all subjects. Statistical significance between 2019-nCoV antibodies test and 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test was determined using the χ 2 tests. Results:The sensitivity of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV were 70.24%(144/205) and 96.10%(197/205) respectively and the specificity were 96.20%(76/79) and 92.41%(73/79) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV antibodies were 95.63%(197/206) and 91.03% (71/78) respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid test were 100%(186/186) and 80.61%(79/98) respectively. The total coincidence rate of diagnosing 2019-nCoV infection between antibody tests and nucleic acid test for 2019-nCoV were 88.03%(250/284).Conclusion:Joint detection of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to 2019-nCoV is an effective screening and diagnostic indicators for 2019-nCoV infection, and an effective complement to the false negative results to nucleic acid test.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of children with positive IgM of mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) in Wuhan, and to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the diagnosis, prevention and effective control of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Methods Patients with respiratory diseases such as fever, cough and runny nose from January 2014 to December 2018 in the Pediatric Outpatient Department and Inpatient Department of Wuhan University People's Hospital were included in the study. Results From 2014 to 2018, a total of 46,790 samples were collected, and the MP-IgM positive rate was 44.08%. The male MP-IgM positive rate was 39.62%, while the female MP-IgM positive rate was 51.00%. The MP-IgM positive rate in males was lower than that in females (χ²=586.15, P<0.0001). There were significant differences in the positive rate among different age groups, and the infection rate in infants aged 3 months was the lowest (χ²=4195.30, P<0.0001). The MP-IgM positive rate in the first and second seasons of infancy within 1 year of age was higher than those in the third and fourth seasons, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²_{1 days =25.05, χ²3 months=26.59, χ²6 months=26.18, P<0.0001). The MP-IgM positive rate of children aged 1-16 in the second and third seasons was higher than that in the first and fourth seasons, and the difference was statistically significant (χ²1-3 years=17.59, χ²4-6 years=28.92, χ²7-16 years =11.43, P<0.05). Conclusion MP-IgM positive rate was related to age, gender and season.}

The atherosclerotic cardiovascular continuum or the conventional cardiovascular continuum(CCC)was first described by Dzau in 2006, describing a series of steps cardiovascular disease undergoes, from risk factors at the beginning to end-stage heart disease(characterized by ventricular dilation, heart failure, and death). The essential features of CCC are myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction due to coronary artery stenosis, which originates from coronary atherosclerosis.O'Rourke proposed the aging cardiovascular continuum(ACC)in 2010 to explained the role of aging, especially vascular aging, in the development of cardiovascular disease.The continuum encompasses progressive deterioration of the proximal aorta properties with increasing arterial stiffness and dilation, resulting in adverse effects on important organs such as the heart, brain, and kidneys.The two continuums are both distinct and related, complement each other and fully illustrate the occurrence and progression of the cardiovascular continuum.

Objective To investigate the expression of Wnt7b, β -catenin, and c-Myc in asthmatic mice and the intervention of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast on airway remodeling. Methods The asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) induction. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissue. Serum OVA-sIgE levels were determined by ELISA. The level of Wnt7b, β -catenin, and c-Myc protein and mRNA in the lung tissue of mice was analyzed by Western blotting and real-time PCR. The basement membrane perimeter (PBM), wall area of bronchial tube (WAt), wall area of bronchial smooth muscle (WAm), and the number of smooth muscle cells were measured using medical image analysis software and standardized based on the PBM. Results The amount of OVA-slgE in the asthma group was significantly higher than in the control and montelukast groups (P ＜ 0. 05). Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the expression of Wnt7b, β -catenin, and c-Myc in the asthma group was higher than the expression in the control and montelukast groups (P ＜ 0. 05). Image analysis showed that the WAt/PBM and WAm/PBM ratios in the montelukast group were significantly lower than those in the asthma group (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion The Wnt/ β -catenin signaling pathway may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of asthma; montelukast may attenuate airway remodeling in asthmatic patients by decreasing the expression of Wnt7b, β -catenin, and c-Myc.