Objective:To assess the current status and influencing factors of cognitive function among the elderly in Hainan Province, providing a basis for developing future intervention strategies to enhance cognitive health.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to June 2022.A total of 2, 059 elderly individuals were selected from 25 counties and cities in Hainan Province through convenience sampling.Data collection utilized the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and the Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL). Chi-square tests were conducted for univariate analysis of cognitive impairment, while binary logistic regression was employed to further investigate the factors influencing cognitive function.Results:Among the 2, 059 elderly participants, 609(29.6%)exhibited cognitive impairment.Statistically significant factors identified in the univariate analysis were incorporated into the binary logistic regression model.The results indicated that being female( OR=1.364, 95% CI: 1.091-1.704), aged 70 to 79 years( OR=1.410, 95% CI: 1.070-1.860), aged 80 to 89 years( OR=1.859, 95% CI: 1.386-2.493), aged 90 years or older( OR=2.369, 95% CI: 1.454-3.859), belonging to an ethnic minority( OR=1.405, 95% CI: 1.109-1.779), being widowed( OR=1.372, 95% CI: 1.049-1.794), residing in rural areas( OR=1.411, 95% CI: 1.074-1.856), having three or more chronic diseases( OR=1.887, 95% CI: 1.337-2.662), and experiencing mild( OR=1.695, 95% CI: 1.275-2.252), moderate( OR=2.326, 95% CI: 1.579-3.428), or severe disability( OR=2.873, 95% CI: 1.760-4.691)were identified as risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly( P<0.05). In contrast, higher educational attainment was found to be protective, with junior high school education( OR=0.622, 95% CI: 0.511-0.859), high school or technical secondary school education( OR=0.469, 95% CI: 0.327-0.675), and a college education or higher( OR=0.412, 95% CI: 0.264-0.642)serving as protective factors for cognitive function in the elderly( P<0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in Hainan Province is moderate.Elderly women, individuals of advanced age, ethnic minorities, those living in rural areas, widowed individuals, individuals with multiple chronic diseases, and those with disabilities are at a higher risk for cognitive impairment.Relevant health departments and healthcare professionals should prioritize these high-risk groups, conduct early cognitive assessments, and implement targeted interventions to enhance cognitive function.

With rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,its application in basic medical teaching has become more and more extensive,bringing many changes and innovations to medical education.This paper attempts to apply AI to teaching of Medical Immunology,including preparation of teaching resources,teaching practice process,teaching evaluation and other teaching processes,aiming to improve work efficiency of teachers,optimize teaching strategies,improve teaching quality,stimu-late students'enthusiasm for learning,provide new ideas and methods for teaching reform of Medical Immunology,and promote deep integration of AI and basic medical education and teaching.

Ivonescimab is a humanized bispecific antibody targeting human vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A)and programmed death protein-1(PD-1).It was approved by National Medi-cal Products Administration on May 24th,2024,and can be used in combination with pemetrexed and carboplatin for locally advanced or positive EG-FR gene mutation after treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)tyrosine kinase inhib-itor.This paper mainly introduces the research progress of the world's first PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody ivonescimab,and summarizes the mecha-nism of action,pharmacokinetics,phase Ⅰ-Ⅲ clinical trials and drug safety.

With rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technology,its application in basic medical teaching has become more and more extensive,bringing many changes and innovations to medical education.This paper attempts to apply AI to teaching of Medical Immunology,including preparation of teaching resources,teaching practice process,teaching evaluation and other teaching processes,aiming to improve work efficiency of teachers,optimize teaching strategies,improve teaching quality,stimu-late students'enthusiasm for learning,provide new ideas and methods for teaching reform of Medical Immunology,and promote deep integration of AI and basic medical education and teaching.

Ivonescimab is a humanized bispecific antibody targeting human vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A)and programmed death protein-1(PD-1).It was approved by National Medi-cal Products Administration on May 24th,2024,and can be used in combination with pemetrexed and carboplatin for locally advanced or positive EG-FR gene mutation after treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)tyrosine kinase inhib-itor.This paper mainly introduces the research progress of the world's first PD-1/VEGF bispecific antibody ivonescimab,and summarizes the mecha-nism of action,pharmacokinetics,phase Ⅰ-Ⅲ clinical trials and drug safety.

Objective:To assess the current status and influencing factors of cognitive function among the elderly in Hainan Province, providing a basis for developing future intervention strategies to enhance cognitive health.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2021 to June 2022.A total of 2, 059 elderly individuals were selected from 25 counties and cities in Hainan Province through convenience sampling.Data collection utilized the Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE)and the Activity of Daily Living Scale(ADL). Chi-square tests were conducted for univariate analysis of cognitive impairment, while binary logistic regression was employed to further investigate the factors influencing cognitive function.Results:Among the 2, 059 elderly participants, 609(29.6%)exhibited cognitive impairment.Statistically significant factors identified in the univariate analysis were incorporated into the binary logistic regression model.The results indicated that being female( OR=1.364, 95% CI: 1.091-1.704), aged 70 to 79 years( OR=1.410, 95% CI: 1.070-1.860), aged 80 to 89 years( OR=1.859, 95% CI: 1.386-2.493), aged 90 years or older( OR=2.369, 95% CI: 1.454-3.859), belonging to an ethnic minority( OR=1.405, 95% CI: 1.109-1.779), being widowed( OR=1.372, 95% CI: 1.049-1.794), residing in rural areas( OR=1.411, 95% CI: 1.074-1.856), having three or more chronic diseases( OR=1.887, 95% CI: 1.337-2.662), and experiencing mild( OR=1.695, 95% CI: 1.275-2.252), moderate( OR=2.326, 95% CI: 1.579-3.428), or severe disability( OR=2.873, 95% CI: 1.760-4.691)were identified as risk factors for cognitive impairment in the elderly( P<0.05). In contrast, higher educational attainment was found to be protective, with junior high school education( OR=0.622, 95% CI: 0.511-0.859), high school or technical secondary school education( OR=0.469, 95% CI: 0.327-0.675), and a college education or higher( OR=0.412, 95% CI: 0.264-0.642)serving as protective factors for cognitive function in the elderly( P<0.05). Conclusions:The prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in Hainan Province is moderate.Elderly women, individuals of advanced age, ethnic minorities, those living in rural areas, widowed individuals, individuals with multiple chronic diseases, and those with disabilities are at a higher risk for cognitive impairment.Relevant health departments and healthcare professionals should prioritize these high-risk groups, conduct early cognitive assessments, and implement targeted interventions to enhance cognitive function.

Objective:To analyze the clinical phenotypic characteristics and therapeutic effect of cutaneous anthrax patients in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (referred to as Ningxia).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the medical records of 76 confirmed patients with cutaneous anthrax in three prefecture level hospitals in Ningxia from 2017 to 2022. According to the length of hospital treatment, the patients were divided into a disease course ≥7 d group ( n = 54) and a disease course < 7 d group ( n = 22), and the clinical phenotypic characteristics (including patients' general condition, clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests) and therapeutic effects (the effect of hormone use and the choice of antibiotics) of the two groups were analyzed by methods such as χ 2 test. Results:Among 76 patients with cutaneous anthrax, males accounted for 81.6% (62/76) and females accounted for 18.4% (14/76), with a statistically significant difference in gender composition ratio (χ 2 = 5.71, P = 0.017). Among the 76 patients, 73 caces (96.1%) achieved clinical cure. There was no statistically significant differences between the groups in clinical characteristics such as temperature, pain, pruritus, edema, and site of onset ( P > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in laboratory tests such as blood routine, liver function, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, secretion culture, PCR, etc. ( P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of edema resolution time between patients using hormone or not (χ 2 = 17.01, P = 0.002). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of disease course between different antibiotic treatment regimens when using hormone (χ 2 = 5.43, P = 0.143). There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of disease course between different antibiotic treatment regimens when no using hormone (χ 2 = 108.46, P < 0.001). Conclusions:The majority of cutaneous anthrax patients in Ningxia from 2017 to 2022 are males. Early use of hormones can affect the duration of edema in patients. For patients who have not received hormone therapy, different treatment plans can affect the patient's course of disease.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of nucleic acid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF MS）in sputum smear-negative patients with nontuberculous Mycobacterial（NTM）pulmonary disease.Methods:Clinical data of 123 patients suspected of NTM pulmonary disease admitted in Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University between July 2022 and November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF）specimens were collected for MALDI-TOF MS assay and MGIT 960 culture. The diagnostic efficacy of MALDI-TOF MS for NTM pulmonary disease in patients with negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software and MedCalc statistical software.Results:Diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease was finally confirmed in 66 out of the 123 suspected patients. It took 8 to 24 h for MALDI-TOF MS to identify NTM species and resistance. By MALDI-TOF MS，72 NTM strains were identified，with the Mycobacterium avium complex being the most prevalent（34 strains，47.22%），followed by the Mycobacterium abscessus complex（13 strains，18.06%）；resistance to macrolides was detected in 6 cases，while no resistance to aminoglycosides was found. It took 9 to 45 days for BALF MGIT 960 culture to identify NTM，and took 7 to 15 days for NTM typing and drug sensitivity testing. By BALF MGIT 960 culture，28 NTM strains were identified；and 1 case was found to be resistant to macrolides. Using confirmed diagnosis as the gold standard，MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated higher sensitivity，negative predictive value，and agreement rate compared to MGIT 960 culture（84.85% vs. 42.42%，81.13% vs. 56.32%，80.49% vs. 62.60%， χ2=25.667，8.998，9.664， P<0.05 or <0.01）. The area under ROC curve（AUC）for MALDI-TOF MS was significantly higher than that of MGIT 960 culture（0.801 vs. 0.642， Z=3.300， P=0.001）. Conclusion:Compared to MGIT 960 culture，MALDI-TOF MS exhibits superior diagnostic efficiency in detecting NTM pulmonary disease in patients with acid-fast bacilli smear-negative sputum，with advantage of rapidly identifying NTM species and resistance.

Objective To compare the effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 on depression-and anxiety-like behaviors in chronic unpredictable stress-induced rats.Methods Seventy male SPF grade SD rats were tested for sugar and water preference after 5 days of adaptation and divided into seven groups according to their preference index:a control group,model group,fluoxetine hydrochloride group,ginsenoside Rg1 24 mg/kg group,ginsenoside Rg1 48 mg/kg group,ginsenoside Rb1 33 mg/kg group,and ginsenoside Rb1 67 mg/kg group.All rats,except for the control group,were subjected randomly to one or two different stimulating factors every day for a total of 35 days.On the 36th day,behavioral experiments including sugar and water preference,open field,novel environment feeding inhibition,elevated cross maze,and forced swimming experiments were conducted to investigate the anti-depression and anti-anxiety effects of the treatments.Serum and hippocampal levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and serum corticosterone were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with the model group,ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 significantly increased sucrose consumption in the sucrose preference test and decreased immobility in the forced swimming test.Ginsenoside Rg1(48 mg/kg)significantly reduced the latency to eat in the novelty-suppressed feeding test,and ginsenoside Rg1(24 and 48 mg/kg)significantly increased the percentage of open arm entries and time in the elevated cross maze test.Serum corticosterone levels were significantly decreased in the ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 groups,serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in the ginsenoside Rg1(48 mg/kg)group,serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased in the ginsenoside Rb1(33 mg/kg)group,and IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus were significantly decreased in the ginsenoside Rg1(48 mg/kg)and Rb1(67 mg/kg)groups.Conclusions Both ginsenosides can regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and inhibit neuroinflammation,improving depression-and anxiety-like behaviors in rats induced by chronic unpredictable stress.Ginsenoside Rg1 has a significantly better anti-anxiety effect than Rb1.

African swine fever virus(ASFV)I177L gene deletion vaccine is one of the key directions of African swine fever(ASF)live attenuated vaccine research and development.In order to effec-tively distinguish between the wild-type ASFV strain and the I177L gene-deleted strain,specific primers and probes were designed based on ASFV B646L and I177L genes,respectively.After screening and optimization,a duplex real-time PCR method was developed that can simultaneously detect these two genes.The results showed that ASFV B646L and I177L genes were detected spe-cifically and simultaneously by the method developed without cross-reactions with porcine circovir-us type 2,Seneca virus A,classical swine fever virus,foot-and-mouth disease virus,porcine respira-tory and reproductive syndrome virus.The detection limits of the duplex real-time PCR for recom-binant plasmids pUC57-B646L and pUC57-I177L were 1×103 copies/mL.The intra-and inter-as-say coefficients of variation were less than 4％,respectively.Detection of 122 pork and pork prod-ucts using the duplex real-time PCR developed and the real-time PCR recommended by WOAH showed that the coincidence rates of the two methods for B646L gene detection was 100％with two amplification curves appeared in the positive results of the established methods.The method established in this study can be used for the detection of ASFV I177L gene deletion strains,which provides technical support for ASF surveillance and epidemiological investigation.