To formulate an expert consensus on the principles of preoperative hair removal and provide scientific guidance for standardized removal of hair before surgical procedures so as to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.METHODS Led by the Hospital Management Institute of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,this consensus was reached with the joint efforts from the expects of relevant fields such as surgeries,interventional therapies,nursing,and infection prevention and control.The consensus facilitates the classification and evaluation of literatures by following the evidence grade formulated by Oxford Evidence-based Medicine Center and focuses on the association of preoperative hair removal with surgical site infection,it reaches the evidence grade of expert consensus and recommendation intensity by integrating with discussions on meetings and clinical experience of the expects from relevant fields.RESULTS A total of 6 items of consensus were reached by summarizing the latest evidence on the aspects including the indications for preoperative hair removal,tools,range,timing and places.CONCLUSION The consensus,to some extent,make supplements to and complete the exiting regulations and standards.It provides guidance for the medical institutions to carry out the preoperative hair removal.

To formulate an expert consensus on the principles of preoperative hair removal and provide scientific guidance for standardized removal of hair before surgical procedures so as to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.METHODS Led by the Hospital Management Institute of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,this consensus was reached with the joint efforts from the expects of relevant fields such as surgeries,interventional therapies,nursing,and infection prevention and control.The consensus facilitates the classification and evaluation of literatures by following the evidence grade formulated by Oxford Evidence-based Medicine Center and focuses on the association of preoperative hair removal with surgical site infection,it reaches the evidence grade of expert consensus and recommendation intensity by integrating with discussions on meetings and clinical experience of the expects from relevant fields.RESULTS A total of 6 items of consensus were reached by summarizing the latest evidence on the aspects including the indications for preoperative hair removal,tools,range,timing and places.CONCLUSION The consensus,to some extent,make supplements to and complete the exiting regulations and standards.It provides guidance for the medical institutions to carry out the preoperative hair removal.

Three-dimensional graphene hydrogel(3DGH)was successfully prepared through a hydrothermal method,followed by its composition with gold nanoparticles(AuNPs)to construct a highly sensitive Au/3DGH graphene electrochemical transistor(GECT)dopamine(DA)sensor.AuNPs are efficient electrocatalytic materials.However,their tendency to aggregate during electrodeposition hinds the practical application.The porous and interconnected network structure of 3DGH provided abundant attachment sites,effectively preventing AuNPs aggregation.By modifying the sensor's gate with Au/3DGH,the excellent electrocatalytic performance of Au/3DGH towards DA and the high sensitivity of GECT were utilized to achieve highly sensitive detection of DA.The sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 20 nmol/L and a linear range of 20 nmol/L to 2.5 mmol/L.Remarkably,the sensor showed high sensitivity,excellent selectivity and strong stability,and hold great potnetial in highly sensitive portable detection of DA in disease prevention and clinical monitoring.

This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of tanshinone Ⅱ_(A )(TaⅡ_A) combined with endothelial progenitor cells-derived exosomes(EPCs-exos) in protecting the aortic vascular endothelial cells(AVECs) from oxidative damage via the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) pathway. The AVECs induced by 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(POVPC) were randomly divided into model, TaⅡ_A, EPCs-exos, and TaⅡ_A+EPCs-exos groups, and the normal cells were taken as the control group. The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) was used to examine the cell proliferation. The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) cytotoxicity assay kit, Matrigel assay, DCFH-DA fluorescent probe, and laser confocal microscopy were employed to examine the LDH release, tube-forming ability, cellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) level, and endothelial cell skeleton morphology, respectively. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels, respectively, of PI3K and Akt. Compared with the control group, the model group showed decreased cell proliferation and tube-forming ability, increased LDH release, elevated ROS level, obvious cytoskeletal disruption, increased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt. Compared with the model group, TaⅡ_A or EPCs-exos alone increased the cell proliferation and tube-forming ability, reduced LDH release, lowered the ROS level, repaired the damaged skeleton, decreased the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of PI3K and Akt. TaⅡ_A+EPCs-exos outperformed TaⅡ_A or EPCs-exos alone in regulating the above indexes. The results demonstrated that TaⅡ_A and EPCs-exos exerted a protective effect on POVPC-induced AVECs by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway, and the combination of the two had stronger therapeutic effect.
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Oxidative Stress ; Endothelial Progenitor Cells ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Abietanes

BACKGROUND: Intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control improved outcomes in the Strategy of Blood Pressure Intervention in the Elderly Hypertensive Patients (STEP) trial. Whether baseline serum lipid parameters influence the benefits of intensive SBP control is unclear. METHODS: The STEP trial was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of intensive (SBP target of 110 to <130 mmHg) and standard (SBP target of 130 to <150 mmHg) SBP control in Chinese patients aged 60 to 80 years with hypertension. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular disease events. A total of 8283 participants from the STEP study were included in this post hoc analysis to examine whether the effects of the SBP intervention differed by baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) concentrations. RESULTS: Regardless of the randomized SBP intervention, baseline LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations had a J-shaped association with the hazard of the primary outcome. However, the effects of the intensive SBP intervention on the primary outcome were not influenced by baseline LDL-C level ( P for interaction = 0.80) and non-HDL-C level ( P for interaction = 0.95). Adjusted subgroup analysis using tertiles in LDL-C1 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-1.13; P = 0.18), LDL-C2 (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.55-1.20; P = 0.29), and LDL-C3 (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.47-0.98; P = 0.04) was provided, with an interaction P value of 0.49. Similar results were showed in non-HDL-C1 (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.59-1.29; P = 0.49), non-HDL-C2 (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.48-1.04; P = 0.08), and non-HDL-C3 (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47-0.95; P = 0.03), with an interaction P -value of 0.47. CONCLUSION: High baseline serum LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations were associated with increased risk of primary cardiovascular disease outcome, but there was no evidence that the benefit of the intensive SBP control differed by baseline LDL-C and non-HDL-C concentrations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03015311.
Aged ; Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Hypertension ; Cholesterol ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: The significant morbidity and mortality resulted from the infection of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) call for urgent development of effective and safe vaccines. We report the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, KCONVAC, in healthy adults. METHODS: Phase 1 and phase 2 randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials of KCONVAC were conducted in healthy Chinese adults aged 18 to 59 years. The participants in the phase 1 trial were randomized to receive two doses, one each on Days 0 and 14, of either KCONVAC (5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo. The participants in the phase 2 trial were randomized to receive either KCONVAC (at 5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo on Days 0 and 14 (0/14 regimen) or Days 0 and 28 (0/28 regimen). In the phase 1 trial, the primary safety endpoint was the proportion of participants experiencing adverse reactions/events within 28 days following the administration of each dose. In the phase 2 trial, the primary immunogenicity endpoints were neutralization antibody seroconversion and titer and anti-receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G seroconversion at 28 days after the second dose. RESULTS: In the phase 1 trial, 60 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 24), 10-μg vaccine (n = 24), or placebo (n = 12). In the phase 2 trial, 500 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 100 for 0/14 or 0/28 regimens), 10-μg vaccine (n = 100 for each regimen), or placebo (n = 50 for each regimen). In the phase 1 trial, 13 (54%), 11 (46%), and seven (7/12) participants reported at least one adverse event (AE) after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. In the phase 2 trial, 16 (16%), 19 (19%), and nine (18%) 0/14-regimen participants reported at least one AE after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. Similar AE incidences were observed in the three 0/28-regimen treatment groups. No AEs with an intensity of grade 3+ were reported, expect for one vaccine-unrelated serious AE (foot fracture) reported in the phase 1 trial. KCONVAC induced significant antibody responses; 0/28 regimen showed a higher immune responses than that did 0/14 regimen after receiving two vaccine doses. CONCLUSIONS: Both doses of KCONVAC are well tolerated and able to induce robust immune responses in healthy adults. These results support testing 5-μg vaccine in the 0/28 regimen in an upcoming phase 3 efficacy trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx (No. ChiCTR2000038804, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62350; No. ChiCTR2000039462, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=63353).
Adult ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects*

Objectives:To investigate the effect of acupoint catgut embedding on motor function of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, and explore its possible mechanism. Methods:A total of 48 three-month old healthy specified pathogen free male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups with 16 rats in each group. The right external carotid artery was severed only in sham operation group. Right middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced for 90 minutes under isoflurane anesthesia using a monofilament in model group and acupoint catgut embedding group. Ninety minutes after reperfusion, the acupoint catgut embedding group accepted acupoint catgut embedding on Baihui (DU20) acupoint and anterior oblique line of vertex-temporal. After one, three, seven and 14 days of reperfusion, they were assessed with Neurological Evaluation and Screen Prehensile Test. After 14 days of reperfusion, the infarct volume was measured with TTC staining; the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and Synapsin I was detected with immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and reverse transcription real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results:Compared with the sham operation group, the neurological score significantly decreased (t > 11.851, P < 0.001), the prehensile time significantly decreased (t > 6.190, P < 0.001), the expression of GFAP increased (P < 0.05), and the expression of Synapsin I decreased (P < 0.05) in the model group. Compared with the model group, the neurological score significantly increased (t > 3.464, P < 0.001), the prehensile time significantly increased (t > 3.642, P < 0.001), the cerebral infarction volume significantly decreased (F = 93.426, P < 0.001), the expression of GFAP decreased (P < 0.05), and the expression of Synapsin I increased (P < 0.05) in the acupoint catgut embedding group. Conclusion:Acupoint catgut embedding could promote the recovery of motor function of rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which may be related with inhibiting the proliferation of astrocytes, increasing the regeneration of axons in the ischemic penumbra and enhancing synaptic connection.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of electrical stimulation at auricular points (EAS) combined with sound masking on the expression of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the auditory cortex of tinnitus rats. METHODS: A total of 27 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group and an EAS group. The rats in the model group and the EAS group were intervened with intraperitoneal injection of sodium salicylate to induce tinnitus model, while the rats in the control group were intervened with injection of 0.9% NaCl solution. After the model was successfully established, the rats in the EAS group were treated with electrical stimulation at "Shenmen" (TF) and "Yidan" (CO), combined with sound masking; the treatment was given once a day for 15 days. The gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) and prepulse inhibition (PPI) testing were performed using the acoustic startle reflex starter package for rats. The expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB and p-CREB in the auditory cortex of each group were measured with Western Blot analysis. RESULTS: ① Compared with the control group, the GPIAS values in 12 kHz, 16 kHz, 20 kHz and 28 kHz were significantly decreased in the model group (all <0.05); compared with the model group, GPIAS values in 12 kHz, 16 kHz, 20 kHz and 28 kHz were significantly increased in the EAS group (all <0.05). ② Compared with the control group, the expression of BDNF and p-CREB in the model group was significantly increased (<0.01), and the expression of TrkB in the model group was significantly increased (<0.05); the differences of expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB and p-CREB between the model group and the EAS group had no statistics significance (all >0.05). CONCLUSION EAS could improve the GPIAS values of high-frequency background sound in tinnitus rats, which may be related with the upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway in the auditory cortex, leading to the reversion of the maladaptive plasticity.
Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Auditory Cortex ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein ; metabolism ; Electric Stimulation ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptor, trkB ; metabolism ; Tinnitus ; metabolism ; therapy

Objective:To investigate the impact of age and gender on kinetic visual acuity (KVA) and static visual acuity (SVA) in school children accepting physical activities. Methods:From May, 2018 to September, 2019, 1465 school children from various schools of Suzhou City were measured SVA and KVA with standard logarithmic visual chart and KVA detector. Results:KVA increased with age as six to nine years old, and decreased as eleven to 14. KVA was better in boys than in girls (t = 5.147, P < 0.001). SVA decreased with age as six to eight years old, fluctuated as eight to eleven, and decreased as eleven to 14, especially for girls. SVA was also better in boys than in girls (t = 3.692, P < 0.001). The prevalence of myopia increased with age as six to eight years old, and increased more significantly as eleven to 14. There was a low positive correlation between age and KVA (r = 0.046, P < 0.05), and a moderate negative correlation between age and SVA (r = -0.364, P < 0.05). KVA was positively correlated with SVA (r = 0.409, P < 0.05). Age, gender, KVA, right SVA and left SVA were the factors related with SVA. Conclusion:Vision is better in school boys than in girls. There is positive correlation between age and KVA. It is necessary to develop physical exercise according to age and gender to improve vision development, especially at the sensitive stage of visual function.

Objective:To observe the effect of football, badminton and table tennis on kinetic visual acuity for children in grade one to three at elementary schools. Methods:From February to June, 2019, A total of 123 children aged seven to nine years from four elementary schools were divided into control group (n = 32), badminton group (n = 33), table tennis group (n = 30) and football group (n = 28). The children in the experimental groups accepted ball playing training for 16 weeks, while the control group did not attended any training course. The kinetic visual acuity was measured before and after training. Results:The kinetic visual acuity improved after training in the experimental groups (t > 2.196, P < 0.05), but not in the control group (t = 1.570, P > 0.05). The rates of improvement of kinetic visual acuity were: football (26.82%), badminton (25.44%) and table tennis (19.21%). Conclusion:The ball games play a positive role in improving kinetic visual acuity for children in junior grades, especially the big ball games.