Objective　This study aims to investigate and compare the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors among primary liver cancer (PLC) patients who had hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced cirrhosis associated with liver cancer, alcoholic cirrhosis associated with liver cancer, or both HBV and alcoholic cirrhosis associated with liver cancer. 　　　Methods　Inpatients diagnosed with PLC admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2010 and September 2020 were enrolled and divided into three groups based on the etiology. The follow-up period ends in October 2024. Survival analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier curves, univariate analysis, and multivariate Cox regression. Results　During the study period, 45 cases of alcoholic cirrhosis associated liver cancer (ALD group), and 71 cases of hepatitis B combined with alcoholic cirrhosis associated liver cancer (HBV+ALD group) were enrolled. At the same time, 73 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis associated liver cancer (HBV group) during the same period were randomly selected with a ratio of about 1∶1.5, totaling 189 cases. And 183 (96.8%) of the patients were male and 6 (3.2%) were female. The age was (55.93±10.20) years. 109 deaths (57.7%) were recorded. The median survival times were 12 months for the entire cohort, 55 months for HBV group, 36 months for ALD group and 11 months for HBV+ALD group. And the 10-year death rate was 42.5% in HBV group, compared to 66.7% in ALD group and 67.6% in HBV+ALD group. In this study, 93 patients chose either the surgical resection or the radiofrequency ablation as their treatments. The recurrence rate was 69.9%, the median recurrence time was 8 months and the median overall survival time was 39 months. Univariate Cox regression identified that etiology of HBV and ALD, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)>1 200 ng/mL, Child-Pugh class B and C, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages of C and D and curative therapies such as surgery and radiofrequency ablation were significantly correlated with overall survival (all P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression revealed that patients with both HBV and ALD (HR=1.750，95%CI: 1.107-2.765，P=0.017), AFP>1 200 ng/mL (HR=1.649，95%CI: 1.060-2.564，P=0.027), and BCLC stages of C and D (HR=3.404，95%CI: 2.254-5.142，P<0.001) were independent risk factors of mortality in PLC patients with cirrhosis. Conclusions　Among HBV, ALD and HBV+ALD groups, the HBV+ALD group had the shortest median survival time and the highest overall mortality rate, suggesting that alcohol consumption and HBV infection may accelerate the progression of PLC with cirrhosis and worsen its prognosis. HBV infection combined with alcoholic consumption, AFP>1 200 ng/mL, and BCLC stages of C and D were independent risk factors for mortality in PLC patients with cirrhosis.

Virtual reality technology is an emerging technology that integrates multiple disciplines. It has the advantages of immersion, interactivity and imagination, which provides convenience for intelligent nursing in the field of rehabilitation treatment. This paper summarizes the application research of virtual reality technology in patients with kinetophobia, focusing on classification, application mechanism, application status, limitations and future development of virtual reality technology in various diseases of kinetophobia, so as to provide reference and basis for the rehabilitation nursing of patients with kinetophobia based on virtual reality technology in the future.

The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been increasing year by year in China. Intestinal mucosa is the largest organ for bacterial storage, and intestinal mucosal barrier includes biological barrier, mechanical barrier, immunological barrier, and chemical barrier. This article investigates the important role of intestinal mucosal barrier function in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. As for the intestinal biological barrier, abnormalities in gut microbiota occur earlier than obesity and other metabolic disorders; small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may affect energy metabolism, promote insulin resistance, and get involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD; regulation of gut microbiota has a certain clinical effect in the treatment of NAFLD. Intestinal mechanical barrier impairment increases the mucosal permeability and is associated with intestinal dysbacteriosis. The changes in intestinal immunological barrier may be associated with obesity, metabolic disorders, and liver inflammation. The changes in intestinal chemical barrier can inhibit the synthesis and secretion of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein in hepatocytes and may result in triglyceride deposition in the liver. It is pointed out that the research on intestinal mucosal barrier function provides promising prospects for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.