Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 6.7 million people die annually due to air pollution caused by solid fuel use, with the majority of deaths resulting from respiratory diseases and cardiovascular conditions. In Mongolia, air pollution ranks as the fourth leading risk factor contributing to mortality, following hypertension, diabetes, and other major health risks. Although there have been numerous studies on outdoor air pollution in Mongolia, research linking indoor air pollution at the household level with the health status of residents remains limited. Aim: To compare indoor PM2.5 concentrations in households of Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan and examine their association with hypertension during the winter season. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted during November and December 2023, and January 2024, involving 240 households in Ulaanbaatar and Darkhan. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured using Purple Air real-time sensors continuously for 24 hours over approximately one month. After measuring indoor air pollution, individuals aged 18–60 years living in the selected households were recruited based on specific inclusion criteria. Blood pressure was measured three times and the average value was recorded. Information on respiratory illnesses was collected through structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 19.0. Results: A total of 241 households participated in the study, with 116 from Ulaanbaatar and 125 from Darkhan. Of the participants, 46.5% were male and 53.5% were female. In terms of housing type, 96 households (39.8%) lived in gers, 97 (40.2%) lived in stove-heated houses, and 48 (19.9%) lived in apartments. Among all participants, 66.0% (n=159) had hypertension and 34.0% (n=79) had normal blood pressure. Among participants aged over 40, 69.9–88.5% had hypertension, which is statistically significantly higher compared to younger individuals (p=0.0001). By body mass index, 75.3% (n=72) of overweight individuals and 78.4% (n=58) of obese participants had hypertension, showing a statistically significant difference compared to participants with normal weight (p=0.0001). The 24-hour average concentration of indoor PM2.5 was measured using the Purple Air device, and the levels in gers and stove-heated houses exceeded the limit set by the MNS 4585:2025 standard (37.5 µg/m³) Conclusion This study identified a relationship between environmental factors, such as air pollution and housing type, and the prevalence of hypertension. The indoor PM2.5 concentration in gers and stove-heated houses was above the standard limit, indicating a negative impact on the health of those residents. Furthermore, the high prevalence of hypertension among participants over the age of 40 and those who are overweight suggests a possible link to lifestyle and environmental conditions.

Background: A 2018 study on the global burden of disease, accidents, and risk factors reported that 1.6 million peo ple died in 2017 due to household air pollution. Poor indoor air quality has been highlighted as a contributing factor to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions, and exacerbation of asthma and allergies. A 2019 study estimated that long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less reduces average life expectancy by 1.8 years, with more severe effects in highly polluted regions. Additionally, a study by Miller et al. (2007) found that prolonged exposure to PM2.5 increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly among women. Direct measurement devices are highly effective in determining indoor PM2.5 concentrations, identifying sources of pollution, tracking pollutant dispersion, and monitoring temporal variations. Studies suggest that direct measurement is an accurate, cost-effective method that provides detailed data suitable for local conditions. Aim: To investigate the indoor air quality of houses and apartments in Darkhan city during the winter season using the Purple Air monitoring device. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a targeted sample of 128 households in Darkhan city. The study examined factors such as stove type, type of coal used, annual and daily coal consumption, frequency of heating, and chimney sealing conditions. To collect data, the Purple Air monitoring device was installed in each house hold for a month, after which it was retrieved. During retrieval, participants completed a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 55 questions across 7 pages at the time of device installation and 25 questions across 3 pages at the time of device retrieval. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Results: A total of 128 households in Darkhan city participated in the study. The average duration of residence in the current home was 9.5 years, with no statistically significant variation. The distribution of housing types was as follows: traditional Mongolian gers (40.6%), houses (39.1%), and apartments (20.3%). The 24-hour average PM2.5 concentration was highest in gers (70.9 μg/m³), followed by houses (46.8 μg/m³) and apartments (22.8 μg/m³), with a statistically significant difference (p=0.0001). PM2.5 levels were most variable in gers, followed by houses and then apartments. House holds using central heating (apartments) had an average 24-hour PM2.5 concentration of 22.8 μg/m³, whereas households using stoves (gers and houses) had a significantly higher concentration of 59.4 μg/m³ (p=0.0001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between traditional and improved stoves. Among study participants, 21.4% reported that someone in their household smoked indoors. Additionally, 86.5% regularly burned incense, candles, or herbs, while 99.2% did not use an air purifier. Conclusion The indoor particulate matter concentration in houses and gers in Darkhan was 59.4μг/m3. Variations in stove types, poor chimney sealing limited space, and frequent gaps and cracks contribute to increased spread of indoor air pollutants.

<b>Objectiveb> To observe the effect of Huoxin pill （concentrated pill） combined with Baduanjin on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）. <b>Methodsb> 120 patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure who received emergency interventional treatment in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were randomly divided into western medicine treatment group and Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）comprehensive treatment group. Western medicine treatment: standard western medicine treatment + five prescriptions for cardiac rehabilitation; based on western medicine treatment, Huoxin pill （concentrated pill） combined with Baduanjin therapy was added to the TCM comprehensive treatment group, and the follow-up was 6 months. The observed indexes were exertion angina pectoris scale, Chinese Medicine Syndrome Scale, Chinese medicine syndrome treatment effect evaluation, 6-minute walking test （6MWT）, left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）, and brain natriuretic peptide precursor （pro-BNP）. <b>Resultsb> Sixty patients were enrolled in the two groups respectively. During the treatment, 2 cases fell off in the western medicine treatment group and 8 cases fell off in the TCM comprehensive treatment group, and a total of 110 cases were enrolled in the group. Compared with the western treatment group, TCM combined therapy significantly improved angina pectoris scale score, TCM Syndrome Scale score, pro-BNP, LVEF and 6MWT （P<0.001）. There were no significant differences in blood routine, liver and kidney function, potassium, blood glucose, blood lipids and cardiac Troponin I （cTnI） between the two groups （P>0.05）. No adverse cardiovascular events occurred during the entire treatment period in both groups. <b>Conclusionb> Huoxin pill （concentrated pill） combined with Baduanjin was more effective than western therapy in improving LVEF, 6MWT distance, exercise tolerance and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure.

<b>Objectiveb> The Nuangong Waifu formula （NGWFF） is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that has been used in gynecology of traditional Chinese medicine in our hospital for many years. It has a certain effect on preventing postoperative intrauterine re-adhesion. To further retrospectively analyze the clinical efficacy of NGWFF. <b>Methodsb> A total of 200 patients who were diagnosed with intrauterine adhesions and underwent intrauterine adhesion separation from January 2018 to December 2020 were retrospectively included. They were divided into control group and observation group according to different drug use for postoperative prevention of re-adhesion, with 100 cases in each group. All patients were given oral estrogen and progesterone （ethinyl estradiol tablets 0.037 5 mg, q12 h, or estradiol valerate tablets 3 mg, q12 h, a total of 21 days, 7 days after estrogen therapy plus dydrogesterone 20 mg, qd or progesterone capsules 200 mg, qd） to promote endometrial growth. In the control group, 100 patients only used estrogen and progesterone after operation. In the observation group, 100 patients were treated with NGWFF at Guanyuan acupoint （four fingers under the navel）, once a day. Both groups were evaluated for the degree of intrauterine adhesions under hysteroscopy and the effective rate after 3-5 menstrual cycles of drug treatment. <b>Resultsb> Compared with using estrogen and progesterone alone, combination use of NGWFF significantly decreased in the scores of intrauterine adhesions under hysteroscopy （2.41±1.19 vs 3.31±1.18, P=0.00）, and the effective rate was also significantly higher than that in the control group （ 86 % vs 47 %, P<0.000）. <b>Conclusionb> The combination use of NGWFF was more effective than using estrogen and progesterone alone in preventing re-adhesion after intrauterine adhesions， which provided a scientific basis for the clinical application of NGWFF.

[摘 要] 目的：探究中链脂肪酸癸酸对CD8+ T细胞活化的影响，及其对CD8+ T细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫反应的作用和机制。方法：建立C57BL/6小鼠黑色素瘤B16F10皮下荷瘤模型，随机分为癸酸组（10 mg/kg癸酸灌胃）和对照组（等量溶剂灌胃），观察癸酸对小鼠肿瘤生长以及生存率的影响，采用流式细胞术检测肿瘤微环境中浸润CD8+ T细胞的活化水平。建立B16F10-OVA和OT-I T细胞共培养体系，采用流式细胞术检测癸酸对CD8+ T细胞的肿瘤细胞杀伤能力的影响。采用α-CD8抗体清除B16F10荷瘤小鼠体内CD8+ T细胞，观察对小鼠肿瘤体积的影响。小鼠原代CD8+ T细胞经癸酸处理后，采用WB、ELISA及qPCR、流式细胞术检测T细胞受体（TCR）活化、效应细胞因子产生以及增殖和代谢水平。在B16F10荷瘤小鼠模型中，观察α-PD-1抗体联合癸酸给药对小鼠肿瘤生长以及生存率的影响。结果：在小鼠黑色素瘤荷瘤模型中，与对照组相比，癸酸组小鼠移植瘤体积显著降低且生存率显著提高（均P<0.05），肿瘤浸润CD8+ T细胞IFN-γ和TNF-α的表达水平显著升高（P<0.01）。经癸酸处理的OT-I T细胞对B16F10-OVA细胞的杀伤水平显著升高（P<0.01）。在荷瘤小鼠模型中用α-CD8抗体清除CD8+ T细胞后，癸酸对移植瘤的抑制作用显著降低（P<0.000 1）。小鼠原代CD8+ T细胞经癸酸处理后，TCR活化水平显著升高、细胞因子IL-2和IFN-γ的产生增多、线粒体代谢水平显著上调（均P<0.05）。在黑色素瘤荷瘤小鼠模型中，癸酸与α-PD-1抗体联用，能够显著抑制小鼠移植瘤生长并提高其生存率（均P<0.05）。结论：癸酸能够促进CD8+ T细胞活化、增强其抗肿瘤免疫反应能力。

[摘 要] 目的：为解决野生型B细胞成熟抗原（BCMA）被γ分泌酶切割导致表达不稳定的问题，构建抵抗γ分泌酶切割的BCMA突变体并构建靶细胞，用于评价BCMA CAR-T细胞的杀伤功能。方法：将野生型BCMA的穿膜域替换为人CD8α穿膜域，构建抵抗γ分泌酶切割的BCMA突变体（BCMA-CD8α TM），构建过表达该突变体的U266（U266BCMA Mut）、K562（K562BCMA Mut）、SKOV3（SKOV3BCMA Mut）和CHO（CHOBCMA Mut）细胞；构建装载NFAT-EGFP报告基因的BCMA CAR Jurkat细胞（BCMA-CAR-Jurkat-Reporter）与U266BCMA Mut细胞共培养，采用FCM检测该细胞中EGFP表达水平以指示NFAT激活水平，荧光素酶法检测BCMA CAR-T细胞对Luciferase标记的K562BCMA Mut细胞的杀伤作用，实时无标记动态细胞分析技术（RTCA）检测BCMA CAR-T细胞对SKOV3BCMA Mut和CHOBCMA Mut细胞的杀伤作用。结果：应用γ分泌酶抑制剂LY411575抑制γ分泌酶活性，显著增强野生型U266细胞表面BCMA表达水平，平均荧光强度上调10倍以上；但撤除抑制剂后BCMA表达水平逐渐降低（P<0.01）；BCMA-CD8α TM突变体可抵抗γ分泌酶的切割作用，在U266细胞表面稳定表达（P>0.05）；U266细胞及过表达BCMA-CD8α TM的U266细胞与BCMA-CAR-Jurkat-Reporter细胞共培养后都可激活Reporter系统、增强EGFP表达，但该效应在BCMA-CD8α TM过表达的U266细胞中更显著（P<0.01）；BCMA-CD8α TM在BCMA表达阴性的K562、SKOV3和CHO 3种靶细胞中成功过表达，且在LY411575处理下该突变体的表达水平仅有小幅度升高；荧光素酶法检测结果显示，不同效靶比下，BCMA CAR-T细胞均可特异、高效杀伤过表达BCMA-CD8α TM的K562细胞；RTCA结果显示，不同效靶比下，BCMA CAR-T细胞均可有效识别、杀伤过表达BCMA-CD8α TM的SKOV3和CHO细胞，但同等效靶比下的Mock-T细胞无此效应。结论：本实验构建的BCMA-CD8α TM突变体能够抵抗γ分泌酶的切割，在多种靶细胞表面稳定表达，为评价BCMA CAR-T细胞体外杀伤的有效性和特异性提供多种检测手段。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨解偶联蛋白2（UCP2）抑制剂京尼平（GEN）对人下咽癌FaDu细胞增殖及线粒体功能的影响。方法：使用不同浓度的GEN作用于FaDu细胞24 h，实验分为GEN 0（对照）、50、100、200和400 μmol/L组。采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力，DCFH-DA探针及JC-1染色联合流式细胞术检测GEN对FaDu细胞活性氧（ROS）含量及线粒体膜电位的影响，激光共聚焦显微镜观察GEN对FaDu细胞线粒体膜通透性转换孔的影响，可见分光光度法检测细胞中乳酸的含量，WB法检测细胞中UCP2蛋白的表达变化。结果：与对照组相比，GEN可显著抑制FaDu细胞的增殖活力（P<0.05或P<0.01）、细胞中UCP2蛋白的表达（P<0.05），降低线粒体膜电位（P<0.05或P<0.01）、乳酸含量（P<0.000 1），改变细胞线粒体膜孔道通透性，提高细胞中ROS水平（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：GEN通过调节细胞中UCP2的表达水平进而影响细胞的氧化还原能力及线粒体功能，从而发挥抑制人下咽癌FaDu细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡的作用。

[摘 要] 目的：探究敲减间质表皮转化因子（MET）表达对人喉鳞状细胞癌（LSCC）Hep-2细胞生长、迁移及5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）和顺铂敏感性的影响。方法：通过基因表达综合数据库（GEO）及癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）数据库数据分析人LSCC组织中MET mRNA的表达水平；常规培养正常人支气管上皮细胞16HBE与人LSCC细胞Hep-2、KBV200和TU212，采用qPCR法和WB法检测16HBE、Hep-2、KBV200和TU212细胞中MET基因和蛋白的表达水平。用LipofectamineTM 3000将MET敲减质粒（si-Met）和对照质粒（si-NC）转染至Hep-2细胞中，分为空白对照组，si-NC组和si-Met组。采用MTT法、流式细胞术、划痕愈合实验分别检测各组Hep-2细胞的增殖、迁移能力、周期分布以及对5-FU和顺铂的敏感性。结果：数据库数据分析显示LSCC组织中MET mRNA呈高表达（P < 0.05），Hep-2、KBV200和TU212细胞中MET mRNA和蛋白的表达水平也均明显高于16HBE细胞（均P < 0.01）。敲减MET表达后，Hep-2细胞中MET mRNA及蛋白表达水平均明显降低（P < 0.01或P < 0.001）、细胞增殖活力显著下降（P < 0.000 1）、G0/G1期细胞数量明显升高（P < 0.000 1）、S期细胞数量明显降低（P < 0.000 1）。敲减MET表达后，不同浓度5-FU或顺铂对细胞增殖的抑制率均显著升高、药物半数抑制浓度（IC50）均降低（均P < 0.000 1），划痕愈合率明显降低、迁移能力下降（均P < 0.05）。结论：MET在人LSCC组织和细胞中呈高表达，敲减MET可有效抑制Hep-2细胞中MET的表达，抑制细胞增殖、迁移能力，使其周期阻滞于G1期，增强Hep-2细胞对5-FU和顺铂的敏感性。

[摘 要] 目的：本研究旨在探讨融合抗氧化酶GST-SOD1-X-R9（GS1XR）对正常鼻咽上皮细胞NP69的放射防护作用及其可能的机制。方法：培养NP69细胞，分为空白对照（Untr）组、EGFP-GS1组、EGFP-GS1R组和EGFP-GS1XR组，检测0.5 mg/mL不同融合抗氧化酶的跨膜效应。用CCK-8法测定3种融合抗氧化酶在0～1 mg/mL质量浓度范围内的细胞毒性。以DCFH-DA荧光探针测定0～6 Gy X射线和不同剂量（0～1 mg/mL）GS1XR对NP69细胞内ROS水平的影响。进一步实验将NP69细胞分为Untr组、4 Gy X线单纯照射Ctrl组和照射前分别预处理GS1、GS1R、GS1XR及阿米福汀（AMFT，4 μg/mL）组，检测细胞内ROS水平，流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡率，用WB法检测Nrf2入核量、抗氧化基因GCLC以及抗凋亡因子Bcl-2和凋亡因子BAX的表达。结果：实验结果显示，EGFP-GS1不具备跨膜能力，而EGFP-GS1R和EGFP-GS1XR能够有效跨膜进入NP69细胞（P < 0.000 1）。经24 h处理后，3种融合抗氧化酶均使细胞活力保持在80%以上，其中GS1XR处理组的细胞活力维持在100%以上。4 Gy X射线照射显著增加细胞内ROS水平（P < 0.01），GS1XR以剂量依赖方式清除辐射诱导的ROS。与Ctrl组相比，GS1XR显著降低受照细胞内的ROS水平（P < 0.05），促进Nrf2的入核（P < 0.01），上调抗氧化基因GCLC（P < 0.000 1），降低细胞的凋亡率（P < 0.000 1）和抗凋亡因子Bcl-2（P < 0.001）的表达，并下调促凋亡因子BAX的表达（P < 0.05）。GS1XR的整体保护作用与GS1R相似，且与阿米福汀效果相当。结论：融合抗氧化酶GS1XR对NP69细胞具有显著的放射防护效应，其机制可能与其可进入细胞清除受照细胞内ROS，激活Nrf2信号通路，并调节Bcl-2和BAX的表达有关，GS1XR有望成为一种新型的放射防护剂。

Background: Social determinants of health (SDOH) have been associated with diabetes risk; however, their association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in individuals with diabetes is poorly described. We hypothesized that a greater number of SDOH among individuals with diabetes would be associated with a higher risk of CVD events. Methods: The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study is a national, biracial cohort of 30,239 individuals ≥45 years old recruited in 2003–2007. We included 6,322 participants with diabetes at baseline, defined as healthcare professional diagnosis, diabetes medication use, or blood glucose values. Seven SDOH that were individually associated with CVD events were included (P<0.20). The outcome was CVD events, a composite of expert-adjudicated myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death. We estimated Cox proportional hazard models to examine associations between number of SDOH (0, 1, 2, ≥3) and CVD events. Results: In an age and sex adjusted model, the presence of multiple SDOH significantly increased the risk of any CVD event (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26 to 1.74 for two SDOH; HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.43 to 1.96 for ≥3 SDOH). This finding was attenuated but remained statistically significant in a fully adjusted model (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.40 for two SDOH; HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.50 for ≥3 SDOH). Conclusion Having multiple SDOH was independently associated with an increased risk of CVD events, a finding driven by cardiovascular death. Identifying individuals with diabetes who have multiple SDOH may be helpful for detecting those at higher risk of experiencing or dying from CVD events.