Background: Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma (NTAP) generates reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and ultraviolet radiation, which can inactivate microorganisms.Onychomycosis treatment is challenging, and its prognosis is poor owing to mixed infections and dermatophytosis. Although NTAP has shown in vitro antifungal effects against dermatophytes and yeast, its efficacy against non-dermatophyte molds (NDMs) and in clinical or nail model studies remains poorly understood. Objective: We evaluated the effects of NTAP on fungi, including NDMs, and infected nail plates. Methods: For the in vitro experiments, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Fusarium oxysporum strains were exposed to NTAP. After NTAP exposure (2,4 and 6 minutes), growth curve, cell viability, and biofilm biomass were assessed by absorbance wavelength of 600 nm, XTT assay, and crystal violet staining, respectively. For the ex vivo experiments, infected nail plates were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Results: T. rubrum and C. albicans showed greater growth inhibition with increasing NTAP exposure time, whereas A. fumigatus showed enhanced growth after 6 minutes exposure. Many fungal elements within the subungual hyperkeratosis of the ex vivo specimen were all damaged following NTAP exposure. Conclusion NTAP has antifungal effects on dermatophytes, yeast, and NDMs. We suggest that the intensity and time of NTAP application should be adjusted according to each strain and can be more effective when NTAP directly reaches the hyphae on the nail bed or subungual hyperkeratosis.

We updated the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of ovarian cancer as version 5.1. The ovarian cancer guideline team of the KSGO published announced the fifth version (version 5.0) of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer in December 2023. In version 5.0, the selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on the data available up to December 2022.Therefore, we updated the guidelines version 5.0 with newly accumulated clinical data and added 5 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of ovarian cancer between 2023 and 2024. For each question, recommendation was provided together with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

We updated the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of ovarian cancer as version 5.1. The ovarian cancer guideline team of the KSGO published announced the fifth version (version 5.0) of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer in December 2023. In version 5.0, the selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on the data available up to December 2022.Therefore, we updated the guidelines version 5.0 with newly accumulated clinical data and added 5 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of ovarian cancer between 2023 and 2024. For each question, recommendation was provided together with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

We updated the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of ovarian cancer as version 5.1. The ovarian cancer guideline team of the KSGO published announced the fifth version (version 5.0) of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer in December 2023. In version 5.0, the selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on the data available up to December 2022.Therefore, we updated the guidelines version 5.0 with newly accumulated clinical data and added 5 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of ovarian cancer between 2023 and 2024. For each question, recommendation was provided together with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

Since the latest practice guidelines for ovarian cancer were developed by the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) in 2021, many studies have examined the efficacy and safety of various treatments for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, the need to develop recommendations for EOC treatments has been raised. This study searched the literature using 4 key items and the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome: the efficacy and safety of poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors in newly diagnosed advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal plus intravenous chemotherapy in optimally debulked advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of secondary cytoreductive surgery in platinumsensitive recurrent ovarian cancer; and the efficacy and safety of the addition of bevacizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy in first platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC patients who received prior bevacizumab. The evidence for these recommendations, according to each key question, was evaluated using a systematic review and meta-analysis. The committee of ovarian cancer of the KSGO developed updated guidelines for treatments of EOC.

Since the latest practice guidelines for ovarian cancer were developed by the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) in 2021, many studies have examined the efficacy and safety of various treatments for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, the need to develop recommendations for EOC treatments has been raised. This study searched the literature using 4 key items and the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome: the efficacy and safety of poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors in newly diagnosed advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal plus intravenous chemotherapy in optimally debulked advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of secondary cytoreductive surgery in platinumsensitive recurrent ovarian cancer; and the efficacy and safety of the addition of bevacizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy in first platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC patients who received prior bevacizumab. The evidence for these recommendations, according to each key question, was evaluated using a systematic review and meta-analysis. The committee of ovarian cancer of the KSGO developed updated guidelines for treatments of EOC.

Since the latest practice guidelines for ovarian cancer were developed by the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) in 2021, many studies have examined the efficacy and safety of various treatments for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Therefore, the need to develop recommendations for EOC treatments has been raised. This study searched the literature using 4 key items and the Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome: the efficacy and safety of poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors in newly diagnosed advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal plus intravenous chemotherapy in optimally debulked advanced EOC; the efficacy and safety of secondary cytoreductive surgery in platinumsensitive recurrent ovarian cancer; and the efficacy and safety of the addition of bevacizumab to platinum-based chemotherapy in first platinum-sensitive recurrent EOC patients who received prior bevacizumab. The evidence for these recommendations, according to each key question, was evaluated using a systematic review and meta-analysis. The committee of ovarian cancer of the KSGO developed updated guidelines for treatments of EOC.

Purpose: To define and evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of the four-flanged technique for scleral fixation of a dislocated four-eyelet intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Eleven eyes of 11 patients who underwent scleral fixation of dislocated four-eyelet intraocular lenses using a four-flanged technique were studied retrospectively. We measured the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell density, intraocular pressure (IOP), spherical equivalent, astigmatism, IOL tilt and decentration, and postoperative complications. Results: The BCVA was 0.25 ± 0.11 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) before surgery and 0.14 ± 0.12 logMAR 6 months later (p < 0.001). The corneal endothelial cell count was 2,427 ± 384 and 2,367 ± 298/mm2 before and after surgery, respectively (p = 0.285). The spherical equivalent was 6.02 ± 4.90 and 0.11 ± 0.36 before and after surgery, respectively. There was no significant difference in astigmatism before and after surgery. The mean IOL tilt and decentration were 2.44 ± 1.68° and 0.23 ± 0.09 mm, respectively. The refractive difference was 0.11 ± 0.24 diopters (D). Postoperative complications occurred in one eye; one flange lay outside the scleral tunnel, triggering hyperemia and conjunctival inflammation. Conclusions The four-flanged scleral fixation technique for a dislocated four-eyelet IOL improved the BCVA but did not significantly affect corneal endothelial cell loss. The procedure significantly reduced postoperative IOL tilt, decentration, and astigmatism, and may be a useful alternative to scleral fixation of a dislocated four-eyelet IOL.

Fabry nephropathy is characterized by a deficiency of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A, which results in proteinuria and kidney disease. The ineffectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for severe kidney failure highlights the need for early detection and meaningful markers. However, because the diagnosis and treatment of Fabry disease can vary according to the expertise of physicians, we evaluated the opinions of Korean specialists. Methods: A questionnaire regarding the management of Fabry nephropathy was emailed to healthcare providers with the experience or ability to treat individuals with Fabry nephropathy. Results: Of the 70 experts who responded to the survey, 43 were nephrologists, and 64.3% of the respondents reported having treated patients with Fabry disease. Pediatricians are treating primarily patients with classic types of the disease, while nephrologists and cardiologists are treating more patients with variant types. Only 40.7% of non-nephrologists agreed that a kidney biopsy was required at the time of diagnosis, compared with 81.4% of nephrologists. Thirty-eight of 70 respondents (54.3%) reported measuring globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3) as a biomarker. The most common period to measure lyso-Gb3 was at the time of diagnosis, followed by after ERT, before ERT, and at screening. For the stage at which ERT should begin, microalbuminuria and proteinuria were chosen by 51.8% and 28.6% of respondents, respectively. Conclusion: Nephrologists are more likely to treat variant Fabry disease rather than classic cases, and they agree that ERT should be initiated early in Fabry nephropathy, using lyso-Gb3 as a biomarker.

Currently, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to global public health. The antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) has been proposed as an important approach to overcome this crisis. ASP supports the optimal use of antimicrobials, including appropriate dosing decisions, administration duration, and administration routes. In Korea, efforts are being made to overcome AMR using ASPs as a national policy. The current study aimed to develop core elements of ASP that could be introduced in domestic medical facilities. A Delphi survey was conducted twice to select the core elements through expert consensus.The core elements for implementing the ASP included (1) leadership commitment, (2) operating system, (3) action, (4) tracking, (5) reporting, and (6) education. To ensure these core elements are present at medical facilities, multiple departments must collaborate as teams for ASP operations. Establishing a reimbursement system and a workforce for ASPs are prerequisites for implementing ASPs. To ensure that ASP core elements are actively implemented in medical facilities, it is necessary to provide financial support for ASPs in medical facilities, nurture the healthcare workforce in performing ASPs, apply the core elements to healthcare accreditation, and provide incentives to medical facilities by quality evaluation criteria.