The occurrence of an abdominal wall hematoma caused by abdominal paracentesis in patients with liver cirrhosis is rare. This paper presents a case of an abdominal wall hematoma caused by abdominal paracentesis in a 67-year-old woman with liver cirrhosis with a review of the relevant literature. Two days prior, the patient underwent abdominal paracentesis for symptom relief for refractory ascites at a local clinic. Upon admission, a physical examination revealed purpuric patches with swelling and mild tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdominal wall. Abdominal computed tomography revealed advanced liver cirrhosis with splenomegaly, tortuous dilatation of the para-umbilical vein, a large volume of ascites, and a large acute hematoma at the left lower quadrant of the abdominal wall. An external iliac artery angiogram showed the extravasation of contrast media from the left deep circumflex iliac artery. Embolization of the target arterial branches using N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was then performed, and the bleeding was stopped. The final diagnosis was an abdominal wall hematoma from the left deep circumflex iliac artery after abdominal paracentesis in a patient with liver cirrhosis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The Cough Symptom Score (CSS) is a simple, useful tool for measuring cough severity. However, there is no standard Korean version of the CSS. We developed a Korean version of the CSS and evaluated its clinical utility and validity for assessing chronic cough severity. METHODS: The CSS was adapted for Korean use following a forward-backward translation procedure. Patients with chronic cough enrolled from five university hospitals were graded using the CSS and a 100-mm linear visual analog scale (VAS) of cough severity at each visit. Patients completed the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) upon presentation and completed the LCQ and Global Rating of Change at follow-up visits after 2 to 4 weeks. The concurrent validity, repeatability, and responsiveness of the Korean version of the CSS were determined. RESULTS: Correlation coefficients between the CSS and LCQ, and between the CSS and VAS, were –0.66 and 0.52, respectively. There was a weak correlation between the scores for night and day symptoms (r = 0.24, p = 0.0006). The repeatability of the CSS in patients with no change in cough (n = 23) was high (intra-class correlation coefficient, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.51 to 0.88). Patients who reported an improvement in cough (n = 30) at follow-up visits had a significant improvement in the CSS (median, −2; 95% CI, −3 to −1; p = 0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of the CSS correlated well with other tools for accessing cough severity in chronic cough patients. Therefore, it could be a reliable method for measuring chronic cough severity.
Chronic Disease ; Cough* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Methods ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Visual Analog Scale

PURPOSE: There are no specific tools for measurement of the severity of chronic cough in Korea. We developed a Korean version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ) and tested its scaling and clinical properties. METHODS: The LCQ was adapted for Korean conditions following a forward-backward translation procedure. All patients referred to chronic cough clinics at 5 university hospitals between May 2011 and October 2013 completed 2 questionnaires, the LCQ and the Short-Form 36 (SF-36), upon presentation and completed the LCQ and the Global Rating of Change (GRC) upon follow-up visits after 2 or 4 weeks. Concurrent validation, internal consistency, repeatability, and responsiveness were determined. RESULTS: For the concurrent validation, the correlation coefficients (n=202 patients) between the LCQ and SF-36 varied between 0.42 and 0.58. The internal consistency of the LCQ (n=207) was high for each of the domains with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82-0.94. The repeatability of the LCQ in patients with no change in cough (n=23) was high, with intra-class correlation coefficients of 0.66-0.81. Patients who reported an improvement in cough (n=30) on follow-up visits demonstrated significant improvement in each of the domains of the LCQ. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of the LCQ is a valid and reliable questionnaire for measurement of the severity of cough in patients with chronic cough.
Chronic Disease ; Cough* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Korea ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Malignant lymphoma is the primary malignant tumor derived from lymphoid organs. It is composed of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Recently, survival rate is on the rise due to improved combination chemotherapy, radiotherapy and high dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In South Korea, no epidemiologic studies concerning malignant lymphoma in the pediatric age group has been performed. Therefore, the Korean Society of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology retrospectively analyzed the incidence, pathologic subtypes, treatment strategies, and survival rates of pediatric malignant lymphomas in South Korea. METHOD: Questionnaires were made and sent to a group of training hospitals, with a return of 580 questionnaires from 24 hospitals. Among them, 517 reports were suitable for analysis. RESULTS: Among the 517 cases, Hodgkin's disease accounted for 58 cases and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for 459 cases. Male to female ratio for malignant lymphoma was 2.7. Mean age at diagnosis was 8.3 years. Among the pathologic subtypes, mixed cellularity was the most frequent subtype for Hodgkin's disease. Most (70.7%) cases of non-Hodgkins lymphoma belonged to high grade NHL. Burkitt lymphoma accounted for 102 cases, and lymphoblastic lymphoma was found in 58 cases. Peripheral lymphadenopathy was the most common presenting sign upon diagnosis. B symptoms were significantly more frequent in Hodgkin's disease patients than in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. The Complete response rate was 62.1% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and 82.8% for Hodgkin's disease. Overall 5 year survival rate was 60.0% in non-hodgkin's lymphoma, and 84.8% in Hodgkin's disease. CONCLUSION: The annual incidence of malignant lymphoma in Korea is 4.7 per million. In cases of chemotherapy-sensitive, refractory or relapsed malinant lymphoma, high dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is vital for improved survival. For more systematic analysis of epidemiology on malignant lymphomas, better surveillance mechanisms on the occurrence of malignant lymphomas are crucial, and establishment of standardized treatment protocol for malignant lymphoma is required.
Burkitt Lymphoma ; Child* ; Clinical Protocols ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Epidemiology* ; Female ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Hodgkin Disease ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Radiotherapy ; Retrospective Studies* ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare one-year graft patency after coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass(OPCAB) with that of conventional CABG and that of on-pump beating CABG, and to demonstrate any differences in patency of various conduits among the three groups. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We analyzed the results of OPCAB cases(group I; n=122) compared with those of conventional CABG cases(group II; n=65) and those of on-pump beating CABG cases(group III; n=19). In group I, coronary angiography(CAG) was performed immediately postoperatively and 1 year after surgery. In groups II and III, CAG was performed 1 year after surgery. Graft patency was graded as grade A(excellent), grade B(fair), or grade O(occluded). RESULT: The average number of distal anastomoses in groups I, II, and III were 3.1+/-1.1, 3.7+/-0.9, and 3.6+/-0.9, respectively. In group I, postoperative CAG was performed in 92%(112/122) of patients before discharge. The patency rate(grade A+B) was 96.4%(162/168) for arterial grafts, and 85.6%(160/187) for saphenous vein grafts(SVG). One-year follow-up CAG was performed in 74%(90/122) of patients. The patency rate was 97.8%(132/135) for arterial grafts, and 67.9%(106/156) for SVG. In group II, one-year follow-up CAG was performed in 65%(42/65) of patients. The patency rate(grade A+B) was 93.5%(43/46) for arterial grafts, and 88.3%(98/111) for SVG. In group III, one-year follow-up CAG was performed in 89%(17/19) of patients. The patency rate(grade A+B) was 100%(19/19) for arterial grafts, and 86.8%(33/38) for SVG. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that the patency rate of SVG after OPCAB was significantly lower than that of arterial grafts in the early postoperative CAG(p<0.001), and was also significantly lower than those of SVG of group II(p<0.001) and group III(p<0.01) in the postoperative one-year CAG, although there was no ignificant difference in one-year patency of arterial grafts among the three groups. Our data suggest that a specific perioperative anticoagulant therapy may be advisable in patients undergoing OPCAB with SVG.
Coronary Artery Bypass ; Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Saphenous Vein ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive ; Transplants*

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is an important as well as common disease in primary practice, so family physicians should concern about it. It is well known that if hypertension were well controlled, it could lower cardiovascular complications. However, there are few studies on the impact of hypertension affecting the quality of life. Therefore, we carried out this study to compare the quality of life in the hypertensive patients by whether it is well controlled or not. METHODS: The authors surveyed the quality of life using the questionnaire named as CMC Health Survey Version 1.0 for the hypertensive patients. The subjects had no complications and no other diseases, and aged 40 or more, and visited doctors at the Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital or the Department of Internal Medicine, Sungmin Hospital from May 1 to Aug 31, 1998. We categorized the subjects into the two groups of the well controlled group(SBP<140 mmHg and DBP<90 mmHg) and the uncotrolled group(SBP> or = 140 mmHg or DBP> or = 90 mmHg) and compared the quality of life and lifestyle. RESULTS: The total number of subjects was 119, that of well controlled group was 69, and that of the uncontrolled group was 50. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 133.1+/-7.5 mmHg and 85.3+/-5.2 mmHg in the well controlled group, 159.2+/-7.4 mmHg and 100.2+/-5.5 mmHg in the uncontrolled group. The comparison of the distribution of age, sex, education, occupation, and monthly income between the two groups showed no difference. The comparision of the lifestyle between two groups by Alameda 7 questionnaire showed no difference ,too. As for the comparison of quality of life between two groups, the well controlled group had significantly higher scores in the domain of physical function, social function, general health, vitality(above P<0.01), emotional function, role limitation, and health perception(above P<0.05) than uncontrolled group. However, the scores of the domain of change in health, satisfaction, bodily pain were not significantly different between two groups. After covariated by obesity, the comparion of quality of life between two groups showed similar results. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the well controlled group had better quality of life than the uncontrolled group. So family physicians should consider the quality of life when they consult the patients with hypertension.
Blood Pressure ; Education ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Internal Medicine ; Life Style ; Obesity ; Occupations ; Physicians, Family ; Quality of Life* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The implatnation of malignant cells along the needle tract is an extremely rare complication after a percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB). However, it is very serious and may result in a change in the prognosis of lung cancer, especially in the curable early stage(T1-2,N0,M0). Recently, we experienced two cases of such complications. A 43 years old female underwent a fine needle aspiration biopsy and a right middle lobectomy with adjuvant chemotherapy due to an adenocarcinoma(T2N0M0). Two years later, a new tumor developed at the site of the needle aspiration biopsy. It had the same pathological findings as the previous lung cancer. Therefore, it was concluded to be an implantation metastasis, and she was treated successfully by a right pneumonectomy and a resection of the chest wall mall with adjuvant radiotherapy. In another case, a 62 years old man was diagnosed with squamous cell lung cancer by a fine needle aspiration biopsy and underwent a right upper lobectomy(T2N0M0) with adjuvant chemotherapy. eight months later, a protruding chest wall mass developed at the aspiration site. It showed the same pathological findings as the previous lung cancer. Consequently, a total excision of the mass with adjuvant radiotherapy was done. Two years after the second operation, although the right lung was intace a metachronous squamous cell lung cancer was found at the left lower lobe. The two patients were still alive 15 and 37 months after thenresection of the chest wall mass, respectively.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Biopsy, Needle ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pneumonectomy ; Prognosis ; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant ; Thoracic Wall* ; Thorax*

No abstract available.
Calcium*

The improved survival rate of premature infants requiring intensive care, shows an increased risk for nosocomial infections such as disseminated fungal infection. Renal candidasis usually occurs secondary to systemic disease, and can Iead to obstructive uropathy by fungus ball. A male neonate was born in week 28 of the gestational period. His birth weight was 1200gm. He required mechanical ventilation and surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome, umbilical artery and vein catheterization, percutaneous central veneous catheterization(PCVC) for parenteral nutrition, steroid, aminophylline and broad spectrum anibiotics. Hypertension developed on the 29th hospital day, but was not controlled by diuretics and antihypertensive drugs. on the 40th hospital day, he had abdominal distension, anuria, and azotemia. A Renal ultrasonogram showed that the ureteropelvic junction of the left kidney was completely obstructed with fungus balls. A percutaneous nephrostorny tube, made in a pigtail shape by hand, was inserted under fluoroscopy guidance, and the obstruction of the pelvis was resolved by wire manipulation. Parenteral amphotericin B and oral flucytocine were started, and the left renal pelvis was directly drained and irrigated by percutaneous nephrostomy tube. Candida albicans(C. albicuns) was cultured from urine and a percutaneous central venous catheter tip. His general condition improved, and follow up urine culture revealed no fungus. On follow-up renal ultrasonogram, renal cortex echogenicity and fungus ball had disappeared except for mild left renal calyectasis and pelvic thickening. This report describes a case of obstructive uropathy by fungus ball in systemic candidiasis of prematurity, and reviews the related literature.
Aminophylline ; Amphotericin B ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Anuria ; Azotemia ; Birth Weight ; Candida ; Candidiasis ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Central Venous Catheters ; Cross Infection ; Diuretics ; Fluoroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fungi ; Hand ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Critical Care ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Male ; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous* ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Pelvis ; Respiration, Artificial ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography ; Umbilical Arteries ; Veins

BACKGROUD: Primary care physicians (PCPs) and ariental medical dactors (OMDs), as primary healthcare providers, could directly affect patients use of complementary and alternative medidne(CAM). This study was carried out to compare the practice experience with, the knowledge about, and the attitudes taward CAM between PCPs and OMDs in Korea. METHODS: A total of 502 PCPs and 500 OMDs in urban area of Karea were selected by the proportionate quota and systematic sampling methood. Face-to-face interviews were done with structured questionnaire. RESULTS: The rate af practice experience with and referral rate af CAM were reported 13.7% and 38.6% in PCPs, 76.8% and 85.4%. in OMDs respectively. OMDs evaluated the efficacy of each CAM higher than PCPs. Both doctors had wide variatians of knowledge in how to practice each CAM. However more than half OMDs knew how to practice chiropracic, taping therapy, aromatherapy, and iridology respectively, about 30% of PCPs high colic/enema and chiropractic. PCPs had mcire negative attitudes toward CAM and the advertisement of the other professional medidne (korean traditional medicine) than OMDs. OMDs more strongly supported the natural healing process, health-disease continuum, and psychological effect on health, and opposed Descares view on human body than PCPs. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed OMDs had more experience with, knowledge about, positive attitudes toward and supportive health concepts to CAM than PCPs. CAM practice would be diffused with chiropractic, taping therapy, aromatherapy, and iridolagy in OMDs; high colic/enema and chiropractic in PCPs.
Aromatherapy ; Chiropractic ; Complementary Therapies* ; Human Body ; Humans ; Korea ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Medicine, Korean Traditional* ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Primary Health Care ; Referral and Consultation ; Surveys and Questionnaires