Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Korea and the third leading cause of death from cancer. Treatment outcomes for colon cancer are steadily improving due to national health screening programs with advances in diagnostic methods, surgical techniques, and therapeutic agents.. The Korea Colon Cancer Multidisciplinary (KCCM) Committee intends to provide professionals who treat colon cancer with the most up-to-date, evidence-based practice guidelines to improve outcomes and help them make decisions that reflect their patients’ values and preferences. These guidelines have been established by consensus reached by the KCCM Guideline Committee based on a systematic literature review and evidence synthesis and by considering the national health insurance system in real clinical practice settings. Each recommendation is presented with a recommendation strength and level of evidence based on the consensus of the committee.

Purpose: The KNOG-1101 study showed improved 2-year PFS with temozolomide during and after radiotherapy compared to radiotherapy alone for patients with anaplastic gliomas. This trial investigates the effect of concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Materials and Methods: In this randomized, open-label, phase II trial, 90 patients with World Health Organization grade III glioma were enrolled across multiple centers in South Korea between March 2012 to February 2015 and followed up through 2017. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and 20-item EORTC QLQ-Brain Neoplasm (QLQ-BN20) were used to compare HRQoL between patients assigned to concurrent chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide followed by 6 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (arm A) and radiotherapy (RT) alone (arm B). Results: Of the 90 patients in the study, 84 patients (93.3%) completed the baseline HRQoL questionnaire. Emotional functioning, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, dyspnea, constipation, appetite loss, diarrhea, seizures, itchy skin, drowsiness, hair loss, and bladder control were not affected by the addition of temozolomide. All other items did not differ significantly between arm A and arm B throughout treatment. Global health status particularly stayed consistent at the end of adjuvant temozolomide (p=0.47) and at the end of RT (p=0.33). Conclusion The addition of concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide did not show negative influence on HRQoL with improvement of progression-free survival for patients with anaplastic gliomas. The absence of systematic and clinically relevant changes in HRQoL suggests that an overall long-term net clinical benefit exists for concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute pediatric vasculitis that affects genetically susceptible infants and children. To identify coding variants that influence susceptibility to KD, we conducted whole exome sequencing of 159 patients with KD and 902 controls, and performed a replication study in an independent 586 cases and 732 controls. We identified five rare coding variants in five genes (FCRLA, PTGER4, IL17F, CARD11, and SIGLEC10) associated with KD (odds ratio [OR], 1.18–4.41; p = 0.0027–0.031). We also performed association analysis in 26 KD patients with coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs; diameter > 5 mm) and 124 patients without CAAs (diameter < 3 mm), and identified another five rare coding variants in five genes (FGFR4, IL31RA, FNDC1, MMP8, and FOXN1), which may be associated with CAA (OR, 3.89–37.3; p = 0.0058–0.0261). These results provide insights into new candidate genes and genetic variants potentially involved in the development of KD and CAA.

Purpose: We investigated the efficacy of temozolomide during and after radiotherapy in Korean adultswith anaplastic gliomas without 1p/19q co-deletion. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, open-label, phase 2 study and notably the first multicenter trial forKorean grade III glioma patients. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older and hadnewly diagnosed non-co-deleted anaplastic glioma with an Eastern Cooperative OncologyGroup performance status of 0-2. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive radiotherapyalone (60 Gy in 30 fractions of 2 Gy) (control group, n=44) or to receive radiotherapy withconcurrent temozolomide (75 mg/m2/day) followed by adjuvant temozolomide (150-200mg/m2/day for 5 days during six 28-day cycles) (treatment group, n=40). The primary endpointwas 2-year progression-free survival (PFS). Seventy patients (83.3%) were availablefor the analysis of the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 gene (IDH1) mutation status. Results: The two-year PFS was 42.2% in the treatment group and 37.2% in the control group. Overallsurvival (OS) did not reach to significant difference between the groups. In multivariableanalysis, age was a significant risk factor for PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 2.08; 95% confidenceinterval [CI], 1.04 to 4.16). The IDH1mutation was the only significant prognostic factor forPFS (HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.59) and OS (HR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.50). Adverseevents over grade 3 were seen in 16 patients (40.0%) in the treatment group and werereversible. Conclusion Concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in Korean adults with newly diagnosed nonco-deleted anaplastic gliomas showed improved 2-year PFS. The survival benefit of this regimenneeds further analysis with long-term follow-up at least more than 10 years.

BACKGROUND: AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance and safety of a new ¹⁸F-labeled amyloid tracer, ¹⁸F-FC119S. METHODS: This study prospectively recruited 105 participants, comprising 53 with Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 16 patients with dementia other than AD (non-AD), and 36 healthy controls (HCs). In the first screening visit, the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery cognitive function test was given to the dementia group, while HC subjects completed the Korean version of the Mini Mental State Examination. Individuals underwent ¹⁸F-FC119S PET, ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, and brain MRI. The diagnostic performance of ¹⁸F-FC119S PET for AD was compared to a historical control (comprising previously reported and currently used amyloid-beta PET agents), ¹⁸F-FDG PET, and MRI. The standardized uptake value (SUV) ratio (ratio of the cerebral cortical SUV to the cerebellar SUV) was measured for each PET data set to provide semiquantitative analysis. All adverse effects during the clinical trial periods were monitored. RESULTS: Visual assessments of the ¹⁸F-FC119S PET data revealed a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 84% in detecting AD. ¹⁸F-FC119S PET demonstrated equivalent or better diagnostic performance for AD detection than the historical control, ¹⁸F-FDG PET (sensitivity of 80.0% and specificity of 76.0%), and MRI (sensitivity of 98.0% and specificity of 50.0%). The SUV ratios differed significantly between AD patients and the other groups, at 1.44±0.17 (mean±SD) for AD, 1.24±0.09 for non-AD, and 1.21±0.08 for HC. No clinically significant adverse effects occurred during the trial periods. CONCLUSIONS ¹⁸F-FC119S PET provides high sensitivity and specificity in detecting AD and therefore may be considered a useful diagnostic tool for AD.

OBJECTIVES: The relationship between renal function and bone mineral density (BMD) is controversial. We evaluated the relationship between markers of renal function and BMD in healthy Korean women. METHODS: A total of 1,093 women who visited the health promotion center at Pusan National University hospital were included in the cross-sectional study. We divided the study population into two groups by BMD: osteopenia-osteoporosis and normal in the lumbar and femur regions, respectively. We compared the relationship between renal function and BMD using a logistic regression model and used SAS 9.3 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) for all statistical analysis. RESULTS: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and cystatin C (Cys-C) were correlated with BMD in both the normal and osteopenia-osteoporosis groups, and in logistic regression analysis, BUN and Cys-C were correlated with lumbar and femur BMD. However, after we adjusted for age, menopause, and body mass index, only creatinine showed a negative correlation with lumbar BMD, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was related positively with femur BMD. CONCLUSIONS: Serum creatinine could be a marker for lumbar BMD and eGFR for femur BMD in Korean women without overt nephropathy.
Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Bone Marrow* ; Busan ; Creatinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cystatin C ; Female ; Femur ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In treating attic cholesteatoma, traditional microscopic approach provides limited exposure to the attic space. Recently, the use of endoscope has emerged as a new treatment option for attic cholesteatoma. The aim of this study is to report the preliminary results of transcanal endoscopic removal of attic cholesteatoma and to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic approach to attic cholesteatoma. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Six patients with attic cholesteatoma were enrolled in this study from Sep 2014 to Oct 2015. Cholesteatoma was removed via transcanal endoscopic approach. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, surgical management and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: All patients had attic cholesteatoma in the epitympanic space with scutum erosion. However, the disease was restricted to the epitympanic space in three patients, whereas a limited extension of cholesteatoma to the aditus ad antrum was observed in two patients, and mesotympanum was involved in the remaining one patient. All of the patients suffered from conductive or mixed hearing loss with mean air-bone gap of 17.4 dB, and underwent endoscopic transcanal removal of cholesteatoma and scutoplasty. In three patients, the incus and malleus head were removed due to ossicular erosion, and a second-stage ossicular reconstruction was planned. No residual or recurrent diseases were noted during the follow-up period (mean: 13 months). No surgical complications were observed postoperatively, and favorable hearing outcome was obtained in all patients. CONCLUSION: Transcanal endoscopic approach was successfully performed in patients with limited attic cholesteatoma. Further studies involving a large number of patients with long-term follow-ups are necessary to prove the clinical efficacy of transcanal endoscopic approach in managing limited attic cholesteatoma.
Cholesteatoma* ; Endoscopes ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Hearing ; Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural ; Humans ; Incus ; Malleus ; Methods ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) typically evolves as a complication of malignant otitis externa (MOE) in diabetic patients and involves the temporal bone. Central SBO (CSBO), which mainly involves the sphenoid or occipital bones, has clinicaland radiological characteristics similar to those of SBO but without coexisting MOE. We investigated a group of patients with CSBO and studied the clinical course of CSBO. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Medical records of patients who were diagnosed with CSBO were retrospectively analyzed from 1999 to 2014. RESULTS: Ten patients (mean age; 60.5 years) were identified. There were five males and five females. All patients suffered from headache, and six patients had cranial nerve palsy including oculomotor (20%), abducens (10%), vestibulocochlear (10%), glossopharyngeal (20%), vagus (30%) and hypoglossal (10%) nerve. Patients had underlying diseases including diabetes mellitus (40%), immunosuppression status after liver transplantation (10%) and cardiovascular disease (40%). Four patients received endoscopic biopsy and debridement for diagnostic and curative intent. Patients were treated with intravenous antibiotics for 5.1 weeks in average and oral antibiotics for 17 weeks. Mean follow-up period was 12.4 months and the mortality rate was zero. 40% of patients had residual neurologic deficit. The earliest sign of improving CSBO was headache (mean; 3.1 weeks) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was the latest improving sign (mean; 4 months). CONCLUSION: CSBO was diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the clinicians. The timely diagnosis and long-term antibiotics therapy could avoid a mortality case and minimize the permanent neurologic deficit.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biopsy ; Blood Sedimentation ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Debridement ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Headache ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Occipital Bone ; Osteomyelitis* ; Otitis Externa ; Retrospective Studies ; Skull Base* ; Skull* ; Temporal Bone

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: To analyze the incidence and prevalence of clinical adjacent segment pathology (CASP) following anterior decompression and fusion with cage and plate augmentation for degenerative cervical diseases. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: No long-term data on the use of cage and plate augmentation have been reported. METHODS: The study population consisted of 231 patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with cage and plate for degenerative cervical spinal disease. The incidence and prevalence of CASP was determined by using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. To analyze the factors that influence CASP, data on preoperative and postoperative sagittal alignment, spinal canal diameter, the distance between the plate and adjacent disc, extent of fusion level, and the presence or absence of adjacent segment degenerative changes by imaging studies were evaluated. RESULTS: CASP occurred in 15 of the cases, of which 9 required additional surgery. At 8-year follow-up, the average yearly incidence was 1.1%. The rate of disease-free survival based on Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was 93.6% at 5 years and 90.2% at 8 years. No statistically significant differences in CASP incidence based on radiological analysis were observed. Significantly high incidence of CASP was observed in the presence of increased adjacent segment degenerative changes (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ACDF with cage and plate for the treatment of degenerative cervical disease is associated with a lower incidence in CSAP by 1.1% per year, and the extent of preoperative adjacent segment degenerative changes has been shown as a risk factor for CASP.
Decompression* ; Disease-Free Survival ; Diskectomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pathology* ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Diseases*