Purpose: Previous studies have struggled to confirm independent associations between grip strength and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) when considering individual metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the association between relative grip strength (RGS) and the incidence of NAFLD, with a focus on MetS, using longitudinal data. Methods: The study included 1,702 general adult participants aged 51 to 88 years who completed surveys during the 2013−2020 periods. NAFLD was assessed using the hepatic steatosis index, while RGS was measured with the JAMA 5030J1 (Saehan) device. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to evaluate the relationship between RGS, MetS risk factors, and the risk of developing NAFLD. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for NAFLD incidence. Results: After adjusting for various confounding variables, a 76% reduction in the HR for NAFLD incidence was observed in both the non-MetS and MetS groups among individuals with high RGS levels compared to those with low RGS levels (HR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.15−0.38). High RGS levels were significantly associated with a reduced HR for NAFLD incidence across all MetS risk factors compared to low RGS levels. Notably, a significant association between moderate RGS and reduced NAFLD incidence risk was found only in the high triglyceride and low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol group. Conclusion This study demonstrates that high levels of RGS are independently associated with a reduced risk of developing NAFLD, particularly in relation to MetS status.

Purpose: Cancer remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality; few studies have explored the impact of long-term changes in sitting time (ST) or its associations with cancer incidence risk across levels of insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to examine the association between daily ST, changes in ST over 2 years, and cancer risk. Methods: We analyzed data from 2,474 older adults participating in a Korean community-based cohort study. Daily ST and 2-year changes in ST were assessed using validated self-report questionnaires. Daily ST was categorized as ＜5 hours, ≥5 and ＜10 hours, and ≥10 hours per day. Two-year changes in ST were classified into four groups:consistently low (consistently inactive), decreased (formerly active), increased (newly active), and consistently high (consistently active). Cancer was classified according to the survey question. Multivariable extended Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for cancer incidence. Results: Daily ST of ≥ 10 hours was associated with an 85% increased risk of cancer, even after adjusting for other confounding variables (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.18−2.85). Also, after adjusting for confounding variables, the consistently ST group showed a 55% higher cancer risk (HR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.02−2.36). These findings underscore the independent and interactive contributions of daily ST, changes in ST, and insulin resistance to cancer risk. Conclusion This study demonstrates that daily ST of 10 hours or more or sustained high levels of ST over 2 years are associated with an elevated risk of cancer