Objective: The R language was used to quantitatively compare the medication patterns of Mongolian medicines used for the treatment of liver diseases between China and Mongolia, with a view to provide a reference for the research and clinical application of Mongolian medicines in the treatment of liver diseases. Methods: The Mongolian medicinal prescriptions used for treating liver disease in Mongolia were collected from the Mongolian Pharmacy and Mongolian Treatment Guide for Common diseases in Mongolian Medicine, and those used in China were collected from the Inner Mongolia Standard for Mongolian Proprietary Medicine and Annotation of Mongolian Medicine Preparation Specifications. After the database was established, the frequency, properties, and tastes of the Mongolian medicines were analyzed, and R studio was used for the association rules analysis and cluster analysis. Results: A total of 27 prescriptions used in Inner Mongolia, China, were collected involving 105 Mongolian medicines, with a total frequency of 284. Among them, there were 18 high-frequency medicines (frequency ≥5), which had a frequency of 147, accounting for 51.76% of the total frequency. The medicine with the highest frequency (14, 4.93%) was Carthamus tinctorius L.. The analysis of the medicine data in China revealed 15 association rules. A total of 21 prescriptions used in Mongolia were collected, involving 92 Mongolian medicines, with a total frequency of 254. Among them, there were 17 high-frequency (frequency ≥5) medicines, with a total frequency of 124 (48.82%). The medicine with the highest frequency (13, 5.12%) was Carthamus tinctorius L.. The analysis of the medicine data in Mongolia revealed 79 association rules. In both regions, the high-frequency medicines used for treating liver disease commonly had cool or warm property with bitter or sweet taste. Conclusions: Carthamus tinctorius L., Terminalia chebula Retz., and other Mongolian medicines are commonly used to treat liver diseases in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. The Mongolian medicines with cool or warm property and bitter, sweet, or astringent taste are commonly used to protect the liver.

Objective To investigate the effect of permissive hypercapnia on CD4 +and CD8 +T cells of rats with acute rejection after lung transplantation. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats and 12 male SD rats were paired and randomly divided into 3 groups (6 pairs per group). SD and Wistar rats were used as the donors and recipients in the control group and treatment group,respectively,and Wistar rats were used as the donors and recipients in the allograft group. Acute rejection rat model of orthotopic left lung transplantation was established by Cuff method. The treatment group was treated with 50% oxygen and 8% carbon dioxide after reperfusion,but only 50% oxygen for the control group and allograft group after reperfusion. Expressions of CD4 +and CD8 +T cells in transplanted lung tissue were detected with immunohistochemical (IHC)method on 7 d after the operation. Proportion of CD4 +and CD8 +T cells in peripheral blood was detected with flow cytometry. Furthermore,levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-γin peripheral blood were detected with enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA). Results The IHC results showed that,compared with the control group,the expression of CD8 +T cells in transplant lung tissue of rats decreased significantly in both the treatment group and allograft group. The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with the control group,the proportion of CD8 +T cells decreased significantly in both treatment group and allograft group (both P<0.05 ). ELISA results showed that,compared with the control group,levels of IL-2 and IFN-γdecreased significantly in both treatment group and allograft group (both P<0.05 ). Conclusions Permissive hypercapnia can inhibit the acute rejection after lung transplantation through inhibiting the proliferation of CD8 +T cells and release of inflammatory cytokines in CD4 +T cells.