Branchial Region ; Branchioma/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Sleep ; Snoring

In branchial lymphoepithelial cyst (BLEC), which is also known as branchial cleft cyst, the remnants of a branchial arch develop into a cyst, causing swelling. The first case of BLEC in the parotid gland was reported by Hildebrant in 1895. Since then, BLEC in the parotid gland has continued to be reported, but in rare cases. A 45-year-old man presented to our hospital with a swelling of the left cheek of approximately 6 months’ duration. The patient underwent a superficial parotidectomy and was pathologically diagnosed with BLEC. Of note, this was the first case of non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related BLEC of the parotid gland in South Korea. BLEC is a benign condition, but its treatment depends on the presence of HIV infection. In HIV-negative patients, BLEC does not require a further work-up to evaluate metastasis. Our case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of BLEC in a patient without HIV.
Branchial Region ; Branchioma ; Cheek ; Diagnosis ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands

Neck mass can be frequently encountered in pediatric patients. Most neck mass in pediatric patients are either inflammatory lesions or benign tumors but their differential diagnoses are not always easy. We must not forget the study results that a considerable portion of pediatric neck mass constitutes malignant tumors. Generally neck mass can be divided into inflammatory, developmental (congenital), and tumorous lesions. Developmental neck mass are generally thyroglossal duct cyst, branchial cleft cyst, dermoid cyst, vascular malformation, or hemangioma. Manifestations of inflammatory neck mass are reactive cervical lymphadenopathy, infectious lymphadenitis (viral or bacterial), mycobacterial cervical lymphadenopathy, or Kawasaki disease. The more uncommonly found pediatric malignant neck mass are lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or thyroid carcinoma. For the diagnosis of pediatric neck mass complete blood count, purified protein derivative test for tuberculosis, and measurement of titers for Epstein-Barr virus are required and in special cases, infectious diagnostic panels for cat-scratch disease, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, or toxoplasmosis may be needed. Ultrasonography is the most convenient and feasible diagnostic method in differentiating various neck mass. Computed tomography is performed when identifying the anatomical aspects of the neck mass or where deep neck infection or retropharyngeal abscess is suspected. Surgical management for congenital neck mass is recommended to prevent secondary infection or various complications following size increase. Most pediatric neck mass originate from bacterial lymphadenitis and antibacterial therapy is considered first line of conservative treatment. However if the neck mass is either over 2 cm in size without any evidence of inflammation, firm or fixed to surrounding tissue, accompanied by B symptoms, unresponsive to initial antibacterial therapy or over 4 weeks of conservative management, or considered keep growing for over 2 weeks, one must suspect the possibility of malignancy and must consult a head and neck specialist for further detailed evaluation.
Blood Cell Count ; Branchioma ; Cat-Scratch Disease ; Coinfection ; Cytomegalovirus ; Dermoid Cyst ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Head ; Hemangioma ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; HIV ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma ; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome ; Neck* ; Retropharyngeal Abscess ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Specialization ; Thyroglossal Cyst ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Toxoplasmosis ; Tuberculosis ; Ultrasonography ; Vascular Malformations

A trichilemmal cyst is a skin adnexal tumor that usually occurs on the scalps of elderly women. We report a trichilemmal cyst in the submandibular area of a 16-year-old male, masquerading as a second branchial cleft cyst. During surgery, the mass was found to have invaded the submandibular gland and needed to be excised totally in continuity with the submandibular gland. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a trichilemmal cyst involving the submandibular gland. Although rare, a trichilemmal cyst may be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the submandibular area. It should also be differentiated from other cystic malignant tumors for its tendency to invade the surrounding structure.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Branchioma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Scalp ; Skin ; Submandibular Gland*

The patient complained of finding on the right side of the neck fistula with discharge nine years. In recently, fistula spills significantly increased compared with the previous. Special physical examination: Right sternocleidomastoid middle 1/3 front border is seen here in a small fistula, translucence jelly secretion were spilling out when squeezeing the fistula, no smell. Ultrasound: On the right side of the upper cervical skin to submandibular gland rear could see tubular low echo area. MRI: Visible on the right side of the neck tube signal, after the submandibular gland rear. Three-dimensional CT: Visible on the right side of the neck by skin sinus crossings as deep as the tonsillar fossa lumen containing contrast agent. Clinical diagnosis: The second branchial cleft cyst and fistula.
Branchial Region ; pathology ; Branchioma ; diagnosis ; Contrast Media ; Cutaneous Fistula ; diagnosis ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck Muscles ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Since its first description in 1989, lymphoepithelial cyst of the thyroid gland (LEC-T) has been generally considered a branchial cleft derivative similar to its presentation in other sites, including thymus, parathyroid, and pancreas. However, its characterization has mainly focused on histologic and sonographic findings, and cytological findings are generally described simply or left out entirely. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of our case showed large tissue fragments of epithelial cells on a background of lymphocytes. Some areas showed sheets or small nests of squamoid cells, which were closely admixed with clusters of lymphoid cells. Squamous cells contained relatively moderate to large amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm and vesicular nuclei with occasional nuclear grooves that lacked intranuclear inclusions. Some cells demonstrated keratinization and nuclear atypia. Herein, we describe FNAC findings of LEC-T and review other possible diagnoses.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Branchial Region ; Branchioma ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Eosinophils ; Epithelial Cells ; Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies ; Lymphocytes ; Pancreas ; Thymus Gland ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Ultrasonography

Branchioma ; diagnosis ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Neck ; Rheumatoid Nodule ; diagnosis

The existence of primary brancial cleft cyst carcinoma is controversial since first described by Volkmann in 1882. Martin and Khafif proposed criteria for diagnosis of primary branchiogenic carcinoma, which are now widely accepted in the literature. The most important criterion is the presence of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the benign squamous epithelium of branchial cleft cyst. We report a case of a 69-year-old man with branchial cleft cyst carcinoma, which was suspected to be cervical lymph node metastases from an unknown primary tumor. The subject underwent a surgical operation, and postoperative pathologic findings revealed a squamous cell carcinoma developing in the stratified squamous epithelial lining of the branchial cleft cyst. This case meets the criteria established by Martin and Khafif, thus we present it with a review of literature.
Aged ; Branchial Region* ; Branchioma* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary

Though branchial cleft cysts (BCC) are common cause of congenital cyst formation in the neck, the prenatal cases have been reported very rarely. We discovered fetal neck cyst at 32 weeks of gestation and eventually diagnosed it as BCC by postnatal surgical excision and histologic findings. It is hard to establish differential diagnosis of BCC from other congenital neck cysts on fetal ultrasonography. The anatomic locations and clinical features of each cystic lesions are important to diagnose accurately and then to achieve complete surgical excision for recurrence-free treatment. We present a case of a BCC detected prenatally and survey the points of differential diagnosis of a BCC from other neck cystic lesions on fetal ultrasonography.
Branchial Region ; Branchioma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Neck ; Pregnancy ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Cervical branchial cleft cysts are uncommon lesion that are developed from remnants of branchial apparatus in embryonal period. These cysts are found in infancy, childhood and adult by recurrent symptoms related to inflammation. It is difficult to find these cysts with antenatal ultrasonography and differential diagnosis from other cervical cysts is difficult too. We experienced a case of fetal cervical branchial cleft cyst that was found with antenatal ultrasonography and diagnosed with surgical biopsy, so we report our case with brief review of literatures.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Branchial Region ; Branchioma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fetus ; Humans ; Inflammation